• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.30-57
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• 2019

Purpose - This study analyzes the effect of internationalization represented as exporting on firm performance on the subject of SMEs operating in Masan Free Trade Zone which has shown poor performance recently despite its status as the oldest and largest free trade zone in Korea. We also analyze the effect of firm size on firm performance, and the moderating role of firm size in relation to internationalization and firm performance. Design/methodology - This study uses multiple regression models for unbalanced panel data as the empirical tools for the estimation of the effect that internationalization has on firm performance (ROA or ROS). Our sample consists of 91 manufacturing SMEs among all 110 companies located in Masan Free Trade Zone as of 2017. Findings - The degree of internationalization has a negative impact on firm performance. However, firm size turns out to have a positive effect and play a positive moderating role in the relation to internationalization and firm performance. This seems to be because most tenant companies operating in Masan Free Trade Zone are small firms whose costs of internationalization may exceed the benefits. Empirical results also show that longer CEO tenure has a greater negative effect on firm performance. Originality/value - The originality/value of this paper can be found in 3 aspects. First, we conducted an empirical analysis on the relationship between the internationalization and firm performance of SMEs in a specific region, namely, Masan Free Trade Zone. Second, while most previous studies focused on listed medium companies, most of the sample of this study are small and medium non-listed enterprises. Third, it is witnessed that firm size has a positive moderating effect on the relation between internationalization and firm performance.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-173
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of production factors on economic growth in China during 1979~2008. In order to grasp the determinant and contribution analysis, we take fixed effect model and random effect model and Hausman test to choice model. The results show that the finance variable (rsav) and SOC variable (rsoc) have negative effects on the economic growth in the long run except some models. But unimproved raw labor variable (rlab), physical capital variable (rcap) and education variable (redu) shows strongly positive effect for the same time. We found the meaning of coefficients of growth factors. relative contribution of each input to per-capita growth in China. The direct elative contribution of physical investment to per-capita growth gives 35.9 percent in total model (TMO) and unimproved raw labor contributes only 4.7 percent. In all modes, physical investment (rcap) was the most important contributor of predicted growth in China economy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.257-268
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• 2019

Infills are as important members in structural design as beams, columns and braces. They have significant effect on structural behavior. Because of lots of variables in infills like material non-linear behavior, the interaction between frames and infill, etc., the infills performance during an earthquake is complicated, so have led designers do not consider the effect of infills in designing the structure. However, the experimental studies revealed that the infills have the remarkable effect on structure behavior. As if these effects ignored, it might occur soft-story phenomena, torsion or short-column effects on the structures. One simple and appropriate method for considering the infills effects in analyzing, is replacing the infills with diagonal compression strut with the same performance of real infill, instead of designing the whole infill. Because of too many uncertainties, codes and researchers gave many expressions that were not as the same as the others. The major intent of this paper is calculation the width of this diagonal strut, which has the most characteristics of infill. This paper by comprehensive on different parameters like the modulus of young or moment of inertia of columns presents a new formula for achieving the equivalent strut width. In fact, this new formula is extracted from about 60 FEM analyses models. It can be said that this formula is very efficient and accurate in estimating the equivalent strut width, considering the large number of effective parameters relative to similar relationships provided by other researchers. In most cases, the results are so close to the values obtained by the FEM. In this formula, the effect of out of plane buckling is neglected and this formula is used just in steel structures. Also, the thickness of infill panel, and the lateral force applied to frame are constant. In addition, this new formula is just for modeling the lateral stiffness. Obtaining the nearest response in analyzing is important to the designers, so this new formula can help them to reach more accurate response among a lot of experimental equations proposed by researchers.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) predicted that recent extreme hydrological events would affect water quality and aggravate various forms of water pollution. To analyze changes in water quality due to future climate change, input data (precipitation, average temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed and sunlight) were established using the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario suggested by the AR5 and calculated the future runoff for each target period (Reference:1989-2015; I: 2016-2040; II: 2041-2070; and III: 2071-2099) using the semi-distributed land use-based runoff processes (SLURP) model. Meteorological factors that affect water quality (precipitation, temperature and runoff) were inputted into the multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to analyze water quality data, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P). Future water quality prediction of the Anseongcheon River basin shows that DO at Gongdo station in the river will drop by 35% in autumn by the end of the $21^{st}$ century and that BOD, COD and SS will increase by 36%, 20% and 42%, respectively. Analysis revealed that the oxygen demand at Dongyeongyo station will decrease by 17% in summer and BOD, COD and SS will increase by 30%, 12% and 17%, respectively. This study suggests that there is a need to continuously monitor the water quality of the Anseongcheon River basin for long-term management. A more reliable prediction of future water quality will be achieved if various social scenarios and climate data are taken into consideration.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-165
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• 2016

We empirically examine the validity of second generation endogenous growth theory suing 21 OECD countries' panel data(1981~2011). Due to non-stationarity in all variables, we test the cointegrated relationships strongly supporting the semi-endogenous growth model. In the estimation of total factor productivity growth function, the growth of domestic and foreign R&D investment levels statistically significantly affect total factor productivity growth. R&D intensity, however, has significant impacts on the total factor productivity growth only in a few models, and international technology gap also has positive impacts on GDP growth. Thus the semi-endogenous growth model is relatively supported while fully endogenous growth model is weakly and occasionally supported in OECD countries. The policy implication of supporting the semi-endogenous growth model is that the sustaining growth requires increasing R&D expenditures.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.397-420
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• 2021

The paper tried to determine relationships between volunteering and hypertension risks, symptom betterment, activity difficulty occurrences, and medicine treatment among middle-aged and older adults, with a prospective cohort study. Multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models were used for the analysis of longitudinal panel data collected over 10 years from 2008 to 2018, using 5,867 cohort samples. The results showed that those who volunteered at least 200 hours per year were 3.4 times more lower than not-volunteering in risks of hypertension, those who volunteered yearly 50~99 hours were a lot more improved than not-volunteering in the symptom betterment, those who volunteered yearly at least 200 hours were 7.7 times lower than not-volunteering in activity difficulty occurrences, and those who volunteered yearly 50~99 hours were 2.5 times lower than not-volunteering in the occurrences of medicine treatment. These indicate that volunteering among middle-aged and older adults may have health benefits against incident hypertension. Finally the thesis discusses the study limitations, future directions of studies, and the practices implications.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.287-295
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• 2021

This study examines the performance of program providers(PP) considering various factors. This study employs the panel regression models with the dataset from 2014 to 2019. This study analyzes how various market structural factors and behavioral factors have impact on the performance. The results show that the high proportion of retransmission fees to broadcasting revenue is negatively associated with total media revenue and operating income while advertising revenue is positively associated with these factors. The results imply PPs that have heavily depended on the fees have not showed a superior performance. Current PP markets are evaluated to have low average revenue per users and thus the size of retransmission fees cannot be enlarged. Under such market conditions, PPs focusing on raising advertising revenue show better performance. This study also suggests that PPs that own diverse channel assets have improved their performances.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.175-192
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• 2021

Purpose - In this study, we investigate the effects of government environmental subsidies and the globalization Chinese firms on their profitability using return on assets (ROA). Design/methodology/approach - In this study, a merged data including accounting, financial market, subsidization of the Chinese governments, local and the central, and export activities of 19,563 year-firms, for those listed on Shanghai Stock and Shenzhen Stock Exchange for 11 years from 2008 to 2018 is used. We collect subsidy data from RESSET database and financial data from CSMAR database. Then, we empirically test the test hypotheses using fixed effects models (FEM) separately and in a simultaneous equation model (SEM). Findings - Firstly, the globalization of Chinese firms has a negative impact on their profitability for some years after the year. Secondly, environmental subsidies just like other subsidies have ameliorating effects on financial performance for global firms. Such effects have lasted some years. Thirdly, environmental investments have a mostly negative impact on short- and long-term profitability for global firms. Lastly, the government's environmental subsidies in China have a positive effect on their profitability for both global and domestic firms. Research implications or Originality - We can infer that environmental investments with the help of the governmental subsidies can help Chinese firms deploy global strategies to expand markets to surpass competitors in the long run despite worsening profitability in global markets in the short run.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2023

2022년 발간된 IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 6차 평가보고서(AR6)에서는 미래 사회경제변화를 기준으로 기후변화에 대한 미래의 완화와 적응 노력에 따라 5개의 시나리오로 구분된 SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, 공통사회경제경로)를 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지역을 대상으로 SSP 시나리오에 따른 미래 수문학적 변화를 분석하였다. 제주도 지역의 독특한 기후 및 지질학적 특성, 간헐적 하천유출 특성 등을 모의할 수 있는 유역모델링(SWAT)을 기반으로, 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 수문 변화를 분석하였다. 기후모형에 따른 미래 전망의 불확실성을 최소화하기 위해 SSP 시나리오 4종(SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5)에 대해 18개의 Global Climate Models (GCMs) 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 또한 지역별 공간적 특성을 충분히 반영하기 위해 하천구간과 고도 특성을 고려하여 총 299개 소유역으로 구분하여 모델링을 수행하였다. 각 GCM 및 SSP 시나리오별 산출된 유역모델링 모의자료를 기반으로 과거 historical 기간(1981~2010년)과 미래기간(2011~2100년)으로 구분하여 강수량, 유출량, 증발산량, 함양량 등에 대한 시공간적 변화를 분석하였다. 대체로 모든 GCM 및 모든 SSP 시나리오에서 미래기간으로 갈수록 강수량은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 북부지역(제주시)보다는 남부지역(서귀포시)의 증가량이 많으며, SSP5-8.5 시나리오에서 상대적으로 변동폭이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 기준증발산량 또한 기온의 증가에 따라 미래로 갈수록 기준증발산량이 증가하는 것으로 전망되었으며, SSP5-8.5 시나리오에서 가장 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 기준증발산량의 절대값은 북부지역에서 더 크게 나타나며, SSP5-8.5에서 가장 큰 것으로 전망되었다. 과거기간 대비 변화율은 SSP5-8.5에서 가장 크게 증가하며, 최소 10% 이상 증가할 것으로 전망되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 2023

Image generation models have been applied in various fields to overcome data sparsity, time and cost issues. However, it has limitations in generating images from regular pattern images and detecting defects in such data. In this paper, we verified the feasibility of the image generation model to generate pattern images and applied it to data augmentation for defect detection of OLED panels. The data required to train an OLED defect detection model is difficult to obtain due to the high cost of OLED panels. Therefore, even if the data set is obtained, it is necessary to define and classify various defect types. This paper introduces an OLED panel defect data acquisition system that acquires a hypothetical data set and augments the data with an image generation model. In addition, the difficulty of generating pattern images in the diffusion model is identified and a possibility is proposed, and the limitations of data augmentation and defect detection data augmentation using the image generation model are improved.