• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.965-972
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• 2017

Assessment of vulnerability of water use to climate change include a variety of climate change scenarios. However, in most future vulnerability studies, only the climate change scenarios are used and not the future scenarios of social and economic indicators. Therefore, in this study, we applied the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate change scenario and Shared Socioeconomic reference Pathway (SSP) developed by IPCC to reflect the future. We selected indicators for estimating the vulnerability of water use, and indices were integrated with a multi-criteria decision making approach - Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The indicator data utilized national statistics and reports, social and economic scenarios, and simulated results from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model which reflects climate change scenario. Finally, we derived the rankings of water use vulnerability for the short-term future (2020) and mid-term future (2050) within the Han River watershed. Generally, considering climate change alone and considering climate change plus social and economic changes showed a similar spatial distribution. In the future scenarios, the watershed rankings were similar, but showed differences with SSP scenario in some watersheds. Therefore, considering social and economic changes is expected to contribute to more effective responses to climate change.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.403-431
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• 2011

The environmental issues including domestic measures to protect public life or health are generally easy to bring the tension between the WTO and its member countries. The standard of review, whether de novo review, total deference, or somewhere in between, is largely important in the WTO's adjudicating mechanism because it is closely related to the appropriate balance of power between sovereign nations and the WTO: The multilateral trading regime, through the proper standard of review, could harmoniously operated without interest conflicts among the member countries and at the same time between the WTO and the member countries. Irrespective the important function of the standard of review in the WTO judicial system, applicable standard of review has not been established in the current SPS Agreement. Furthermore, the nature of the SPS Agreement related in scientific factors, such as scientific experiment, data and assessment prevents the WTO's panel from applying consistent standard of review. Considering the judicial demand for the moderate treatment of the case under the SPS Agreement, this paper explores appropriate standard of review applicable the SPS-related environmental measures, particularly, by analysing the recent SPS-related dispute, US-Hormones Suspension.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.209-239
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of Korean port investment by using the newly developed slack-based multi-year panel congestion model of DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). Inputs[port investment amount, cargo handling capacity, and berthing capacity], and outputs[cargo handling amount, number of ship calls, revenue, and score of customer service satisfaction] are used during 1994-2004 for 20 Korean seaports. Empirical analysis identified congestion especially in port investment as input at the ports of Gunsan, and Busan in the all 3 models, and the ports of Pyungtag, Mogpo, Yeosu, and leju in over 2 models. Port investment induced the rapid increase of port efficiency from the ports of Masan, Incheon, Donghae, and Samcheok. Therefore other ports except these ports should examine the reason about the inefficiency of port investment by searching out the situation of each ports directly. The main policy implication based on the findings of this study is that The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in Korea should introduce the new measurement way after reviewing the multi-year slack-based congestion approach when the amount of port investment for each port is decided.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.383-405
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• 2007

In this paper we estimate knowledge production function for 15 South Korean industry sectors using panel data. To accommodate the influence of inter-sectoral interactions on the creation of knowledge, we estimate parameters for related knowledge production functions using the Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression(DSUR) model proposed by Mark et al. (2005). We find the elasticity of knowledge production with respect to the size of research staff to be 0.25 and that with respect to the existing stock of knowledge to be 0.35. The fact that the elasticity of new knowledge creation with regard to the existing knowledge stock is below 1 in South Korea corroborates the view that the rate of long-term growth of her economy is chiefly determined by the elasticity related to production functions of goods and services and the rate of population growth, and that her government policy, to ensure a continued growth for the Korean economy, must shift the focus of R&D policies from the current direct intervention-centered model to one consisting of indirect measures, namely supporting knowledge management and diffusion and the creation of a knowledge sharing system. In terms of R&D policy implications it could be consider that the national knowledge production system should strengthen the cumulative process of knowledge accumulation and population for research and development. Our country R&D policy, also, need to adopt a global approach to increase knowledge stock at the highest levels of a country.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2008

In respect complication, group and period, the foreign direct investment of korea is composed of various factors. This paper studies focus on estimating the determinants of foreign direct investment of korea. The region of analysis consist of 7 groups, that is, Asia, Europe, Central and South America, Oceania, Africa, Middle East. Analyzing period be formed over a 67 point(2002. 6${\sim}$2007. 12). In this paper dependent variable setting up an amount of foreign direct investment, explanatory(independent) variables composed of gross domestic product, a balance of current accounts, the foreign exchange rate, employment to population ratio, an average of the rate of operation(the manufacturing industry), consumer price index, the amount of export, wages(a service industry). For an actual proof analysis, LIMDEP 8.0 software, analysis model is random effect in TWECR The result of estimating the determinants of foreign direct investment of korea provides empirical evidences of significance positive relationships between employment to population ratio and wages(a service industry). However this study provides empirical evidences of significance negative relationships between the foreign exchange rate, censurer price index and the amount of export. The explanatory variables, that is, an average of the rate of operation(the manufacturing industry), gross domestic product and a balance of current accounts, are non-significance variables.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide the basis for the establishment of various youth policies by analyzing and validating the mediated effects of ego resilience on the impact of adolescents' self-rated health on life satisfaction. The population consisted of a nationally representative sample of adolescents(n=1,979) in high school first grade student who completed the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) in 2016. The study analyzed the data by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and path modeling, using the SPSS and AMOS program. The result is following; Self-rated health has significant effects of ego-resilience(β=.26, p<.05). Self-rated health(β=.18, p<.05) and ego-resilience(β=.45, p<.05) have shown significant implications for life satisfaction. In addition, ego-resilience have been shown to be partial mediation effect between Self-rated health and life satisfaction. The results revealed that the adolescents who scored high on self-rated health were better the life satisfaction, and ego-resilience partially mediated the relationship between self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents. In order to increase the life satisfaction for adolescent, it was confirmed that a multi-dimensional approach is needed to consider the self-rated health as well as self-resilience.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

Loan amount of housing mortgage is composed of various factors. This study paper studies focuses on estimating the determinants of a loan amount of housing mortgage. The region for analysis consist of seven groups, that is, metropolitan city (such as Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangiu, Daejeon, Ulsan.) and Seoul. Analyzing period be formed over a 45 time points(2007. 01.~ 2010. 09). In this paper the dependent variable setting up loan amount of housing mortgage, explanatory(independent) variables are composed of the consumer price index, unemployment rate, average monthly household income per household, expenditure rate of health care, composite stock price index and overdue rate of household loans for commercial bank. In looking at the factors which determine loan amount of housing mortgage, evidence was produced supporting the hypothesis that there is a significant positive relationship between the consumer price index and unemployment rate. The study also produced evidence supporting the view that there is a significant negative relationship between expenditure rate of health care. The study found that average monthly household income per household, expenditure, composite stock price index and overdue rate of household loans for commercial bank were not significant variables. The implications of these findings are discussed for further research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.468-476
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• 2020

This study investigated how latent groups depend on the longitudinal trajectories observed in fathers' involvement in parenting over a five year period, and the study also determined differences in children's behavioral problems and mother's parenting stress, marital satisfaction, and depression among these groups. By utilizing 1,316 sets of data from 1st to 5th Panel Survey of PSKC beginning in 2008, we examined the patterns of the latent groups and the differences among them. The results showed that, first, a changing pattern of fathers' involvement in parenting is classified into four groups: a low-stable group, a decreasing group. a middle-high changeable group, and a highest changeable group. According to the results of the latent groups, the fathers' involvement in parenting commonly started to decrease at the children's age of 4 years old. Second, problematic behaviors of children appeared more from the fathers in the decreasing group. Third, parenting stress, marital conflict, and depression were more often found in the low-stable group that in the decreasing group. the middle-high changeable group and the highest changeable group (in that order), while marital satisfaction showed a completely opposite pattern. Based on these results, political intervention and the future direction of research for fathers' involvement in parenting are needed in order to increase better behaviors of their children as well as the psychological well-being of their mothers.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2016

Objectives : Parental behavior is related to personality development and ego resilience in the childhood. The objective of this study was to identify the influence of parental behavior on ego resilience in Korean middle school student. Methods : Subjects were selected based on stratified multi-stage cluster sampling in Korea youth panel study 2013(Boy : N=1,075, Girl : N=1,033). We used Parental behavior inventory(PBI) to estimate parental behavior and the Ego resilience scale to estimate ego resilience. The data were statistically analyzed using a Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis with the statistical package for the social sciences(SPSS). We considered differences to be significant when p<0.05. Results : A regression analysis showed that rational explanation, affection, Interest and inconsistency of the parental behavior domains influence ego resilience. Also rational explanation, affection and Interest of the parental behavior domains showed a significant positive correlation with ego resilience(r=0.24, r=0.31, r=0.22, p<0.01). In contrast to early childhood studies, inconsistency showed no significant correlation. Conclusions : Adolescents who had taken more rational explanation, interest and affection from their parents were more likely to have higher ego resilience. However, inconsistency of parental behavior showed no correlation with ego resilience of adolescents, which means that they are affected by several other factors than parental behavior. This study would be a basic research that could be a help to psychosocial approach in pediatric psychiatry.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.534-548
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• 2021

In this paper, the feasibility of generating solar power near an abandoned quarry is examined with the objectives of resolving the essential problems that quarries encounter, such as rockfalls and space usage issues. On an abandoned quarry site in Sadang, Seoul, Republic of Korea, two different PV installation methods were analyzed. The first is attaching PV directly on the quarry slope. Since there are no corresponding safety standards and precedents for installing solar panels directly on slopes, the power generation potential was calculated by using topographic data and reasonable assumptions. The surface area of cut slope section was extracted from the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) via ArcGIS and Python programming to calculate the tilt and power capacity of installable panels. The other approach is installing PV as a rockfall barrier, and the power generation potential was analyzed with the assumption that the panel is installed in the direction of facing solar irradiation. For the derivation of power generation, the renewable energy generation analysis program SAM(System Advisor Model) was used for both methods. According to the result, quarries that have terminated resource extraction and remain devastated have the potential to be transformed into renewable energy generation sites.