• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1980

The distribution pattern of mineral nutrients, among various Parts of Korea ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated to understand ginseng nutrition by simple correlation analysis. Five·year old ginseng plants grown under four different nutritional environments were sampled and separated into leaf, petiole, stem, rhizome, cortex and epidermis of tap foot, central part of tap root, cortex and epidermis of lateral root, central part of lateral root, fine root in the middle of truly, for chemical analysis. Between mineral nutrients in root, N and P showed highly significant positive correlation each other and with Mg and Cu while all other elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) showed highly significant positive correlation each other. In shoot, number of mineral nutrient pairs haying significant relation was much less than in root. (Negative: P with Ca or B, K with N, Fe, Mn or Cu, Positive: N with Mg, Fe, Mn or Cu, K with Zn, Ca with Mg, Zn, or B, Fe Mn Cu each other, Mn with B.) The number of pairs having significant correlation in whole plant was approximately the same as the number in root but three of them showed significant negative correlation. The distribution pattern similarity of mineral contents among various parts was also discussed in relation to physiological significance in Korea ginseng plant.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1996

In order to study effects of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism in rat organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was administrated to rats for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months and brain, liver, prostate, spleen and testis were removed from these rats. Two enzyme activities were measured from those organs; ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is a regulatory enzyme of putrescence biosynthesis and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), which is also a regulatory enzyme of spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. The amounts of polyamine were also determined. As for prostate and testis organs, Korean ginseng saponin fraction was innocuous for ODC and SAMDC activities from rats fed for 1 and 2 months. However, after 3 months, the stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzyme gradually increased in test groups and reached its maximum in 12 months. The contents of spermidine and spermlne of test groups in prostate and testis were also much higher than those of control groups. Another stimulatory effect on the activities of two enzymes was observed in liver and reached its maximum in 6 months. In the other organs such as brain and spleen, the enzymes were turned out to be not affected by feeding Korean ginseng saponin fraction. From the cumulative results, the stimulatory effect of Korean ginseng saponin fraction on polyamine metabolism was observed in prostate, testis and liver.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2001

개갑 인삼종자의 생리적 휴면타파를 위한 적정 저온감응기간을 조사하였다. 채종하여 3개월간 모래로 층적저장하여 개갑이 완료된 종자의 배는 배유의 1/2정도의 크기를 보였다. 인삼종자는 채종 당시의 미숙한 배가 형태적으로 거의 완전한 발달을 보이기까지는 6개월 정도가 소요되었으며, 배의 신장의 실외보다는 실내에 저장하였던 종자가 더 빨리 자랐다. 배 신장이 완료된 종자라 할지라도 60일 이하의 저온처리된 종자는 발아가 되지 않았으며, 발아에 필요한 저온감응기간은 실외의 자연상태에서는 75일 정도이며, 냉장온도(4$^{\circ}C$)에서는 90일 정도가 적정하였다. 그러나 적정의 저온감응을 받은 종자라 할지라도 상온데 지속적으로 방치하게 되면 그 효과는 현저히 감소되었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.146.1-146.1
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• 2003

A major protein was isolated from ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography, ion-exchange FPLC. Electrophoretic and gel permeation chromatographic studies revealed that the major protein, GMP, is composed of two subunits of approximately 28 kDa. In this, investigated the ability of GMP to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). GMP inhibited $Cu^{2+}$ (5$\mu$M)-promoted oxidation of LDL (125$\mu$g protein/mL) in a dose-dependent mamer (0~5 $\mu$M), with a maximal inhibitor at GMP/copper ratio of 1:10 and an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.2 $\mu$M, as determined by measurement TBARS. (omitted)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 1995

Molecular cloning and restriction mapping on ATPase $\alpha$-subunit gene (atpA) were carried out to obtain genomic information concerned with the gene structure and organization in Korean ginseng mitochondria. Two different clones containing the homologous sequence of atpA gene were selected from SalI and PstI libraries of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Korean ginseng. The sizes of mtDNA fragments inserted in SalI and PstI clones were 3.4 kb and 13 kb, respectively. Southern blot analysis with [$^{32}P$] labelled Oenothera atPA gene probe showed that atpA gene sequence was located in 2.0 kb XkaI fragment in PstI clone and in 1.7 kb XbaI fragment in SalI clone. A partial sequening ascertained that the SalI clone included about 1.2 kb fragment from SalI restriction site to C-terminal sequence of this gene but about 0.3 kb N-terminal sequence of open reading frame was abscent. The PstI fragment was enough large to cover the full sequence of atpA gene. The same restriction pattern of the overlapped region suggests that both clones include the same fragment of atiA locus. Data of Southern blot analysis and partial nucleotide sequencing suggested that mtDNA of Korean ginseng has a single copy of atpA gene. Key words ATPase a-subunit, mitochondrial DNA, Panax ginseng.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 인삼 잎으로부터 정제한 mRNA를 이용하여 cDNA library를 제작하였다. 이 cDNA library로 부터 349개의 에너지 대사 관련 유전자를 선발 하였다. 에너지 대사 관련 유전자의 평균 사이즈는 0.49 kb이며, 에너지 관련 유전자들의 세부 기능별 발현을 분석한 결과 aerobic respiration(48.4%), accessory proteins of electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(17.2%), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis(3.4%), electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(2.9%), respiration(2.0%), glycolysis methylglyoxal byp-ass(1.7%), metabolism of energy reserves(0.6%)와 alcohol fermentation(0.3%)의 분포를 보였다. 인삼 잎에서 발현되는 유전자중 가장 많이 발현된 Chlorophyll a/b binding protein of IhcII type I(36.6%), Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein(6.6%) 등이 발현되었다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.63-74
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• 1984

한국산 인삼 (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) 뿌리에서 추출한 사포닌 분획이 쥐의 간에 미치는 에탄올 독성을 예방하는 효력이 있음을 생화학적 및 현미경적으로 관찰하였다. 본 연구실의 연구 결과에 의하면 적당량(반응액에서의 농도 : $10^{-5}\%$내외)의 인삼 사포닌은 여러가지 효소를 비 특이적으로 활성화하며 1mg의 사포닌 분획을 쥐에게 경구 투여하면 2시간후의 간에서의 인삼 사포닌 분획의 농도가 약 $10^{-5}\%$ 수준이고 간에서의 사포닌 분획의 반감기는 약 5시간으로 추정되었다. 본 연구에서도 인삼 사포닌 분획이 에탄올 대사에 관여하는 alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 그리고 microsomal ethanol oxilizing system을 시험관 내에서나 생체에서 다같이 촉진한다는 것을 알게 되었고 인삼 사포닌 분획이 에탄올 산화 과정에서 생성되는 유독한 acetadizing를 체내에서 신속히 제거하고 과량의 수소를 생합성에 효과적으로 이용함으로서 에탄올 독성으로부터 간을 보호하는 것으로 생각되었다. 전자현미경적 관찰도 물대신 $12{\%}$ ethanol만을 6일간 투여한 쥐의 간세포가 크게 손상되었는데 비하여 인삼 사포닌을 $12{\%}$ethanol과 함께 같은 기간 투여한 쥐의 간세포는 손상되지 않았음을 나타내고 있으며, 인삼 사포닌 분획이 에탄올 특성에 예방적 효력이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1999

인삼의 기내 화아형성과 cytokinin과의 관계를 조사하기 위하여 접합자배, 유식물체, 자엽마디 절편체를 cytokinin(BA, kinetin, 2-iP, zeatin) 5 $\mu$M 단독 혹은 GA$_3$ 5 $\mu$M와 함께 MS 배지에서 배양하였다. 화아형성은 재료에 관계없이 BA처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, kinetin, 2-iP, zeatin 순으로 나타났다. Cytokinin과 GA$_3$를 함께 첨가한 경우에는 특히 자엽마디 절편체 재료에서 화아형성 빈도가 현저히 증가하여 BA와 함께 처리하였을 때는 100% 화아형성을 나타내었다. 사용한 cytokinin은 adenine 기본골격과 다양한 측쇄구조 (-R)로 이루어져 있는데 이 측쇄구조의 분배계수 (logP)가 인삼의 기내 화아형성과 높은 상관성을 나타내어 cytokinin류의 지용성이 화아형성에 중요하게 관여함이 시사되었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2006

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for non-saponin contents that can be used to index fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cultivated in the Republic of Korea and China. Non-saponin components in fresh gingeng roots which were cultivated in various areas and ages in Korea were determined. Acidic polysaccharide, total polysaccharide, crude polyacetylene were quantitatively analyzed by using the method of spectrophotometric determination, while the total protein was analyzed by using Lowry method. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences for the average contents of four non-saponins among 4-years-old, 5-years-old, and 6-years-old fresh ginseng roots. Additionally, this study assessed the average contents of non-saponin components in 4-years-old fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) which were cultivated in Korea and China. The result showed that the average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide were statistically significant. Four-years-old fresh ginseng roots cultivated in Korea had the higher average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide than those cultivated in China. However the average contents of total polysaccharide and total protein had no statistically significant difference.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2008

Terpene synthase plays a key role in biosynthesis of triterpene saponins (ginsenosides) and is intermediate in the biosynthesis of a number of secondary metabolites. A terpene synthase (PgTPS) cDNA was isolated and characterized from the root of Panax ginseng c.A. Meyer. The deduced amino acid sequence of PgTPS showed a similarity with A. deliciosa (AAX16121) 61%, V. vinifera (AAS66357) 61%, L. hirsutum (AAG41891) 55%, M. truncatula (AAV36464) 52%. And the segment of a terpene synthase gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). We studied expression of terpene synthase under stressful conditions like chilling, salt, UV, and heavy metal stress treatment. Expression of PgTPS was increased gradually after exposure to stresses such as chilling, salt, and UV illumination. But its transcription seems to be reduced by cadmium and copper treatment.