• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.70
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• pp.67-80
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• 2016

As China, the world's work shop was transformed into consumption market intermediary products and expensive consumer goods are more in highly demand recently. These will tend to diffuse especially to the west coastal cities of China. The economic growth of China needs to develop hub port facilities more and more in these days. We don't need to explain value of hub port in international trade. Furthermore If we are to retain access convenience of merchant vessel we really must maintain hub ports in Korea. This paper aims to vitalize Pyeongtaek port in times of the Pan Yellow Sea in readiness for an increase of trade between Korean, China, and Japan absorbing economic effects. The Rise of China leads to increase of trade of Korea that make necessary to develop a big and wide port to Pan Yellow Sea times. There is a lot of competition to be a hub port to become a center of international trade in the Pan Yellow Sea market. We need to improve the surrounding environment or facilities and industry clusters flexibly of Pyeongtaek port. It will guide to cost cutting and to raise business efficiency. Ultimately Pyeongtaek port should maintain and make advance its competitiveness especially in the Pan Yellow Sea times.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-166
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• 2001

Globalization and regionalization are major trends in the international economic system. The severe competition among countries has signalled the need for a new international trade system as prescribed by the WTO, which regulates international trade practices. Additionally, expanding the activities and role of the Pan-Yellow Sea area in the world has a very important function in terms of regional cooperation and logistics environment. In this paper, the trading conditions and shipping transport problems of the Pan-Yellow Sea area (North-East Asia) were investigated. Shipping transport conditions in the Pan-Yellow Sea area, particularly Korea-China routes, were surveyed as well. A new Incheon-China container liner route was suggested as a partial remedy to some of the shipping transport problems of the Pan-Yellow Sea Area (North-East Asia). The Incheon-China Container Liner route is more efficient than Pusan and Pyungtaek Ports or the car ferry route to China in terms of transport time and expense. The transport burden indicator which includes the time and expense of transport, can be a useful tool in comparing these routes. Accordign to the transport burden indicator, the Incheon-China Container Liner route is more efficient than the Pusan, Pyungtaek, or car ferry routes. To establish a successful liner route between the ports of Inchon and China, there is a need to prepare three measures that contain short-term medium-term and long-term strategies. Furthermore, these measures should be prepared and adopted in phases, in accordance with considerations of future conditions for shipping and logistics in the Pan-Yellow Sea area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2023

The wetland ecosystem has a key role in climate change and can capture and store carbon long-term as blue carbon. Currently, the Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China are preparing for the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Phase II inscription, and cross-border cooperation among the two Koreas and the People's Republic of China is expected in term of the coastal wetland in the Yellow Sea region. However, there is a lack of research on the importance of coastal wetland in the Yellow Sea region for migratory bird habitats, roosting sites, feeding grounds, and stop-over sites. Thus, this study focused on the coastal wetland of the Yellow Sea region, including the southwestern coastal wetlands in the Republic of Korea, the Yancheng National Nature Reserve in the People's Republic of China designated as UNESCO World Natural Heritage, and the Mundok Migratory Bird Reserve in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which is listed on the Tentative List. The cooperation for ecosystem conservation between the two Koreas and China was analyzed. The importance of coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea region as habitats for migratory birds, roosting sites, feeding grounds, and stop-over sites, significant characteristics of Yellow Sea coastal wetlands, and conditions for cooperation among three countries, were analyzed. The direction of ecosystem conservation cooperation for coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea region in this study will be developed into Pan-Yellow Sea conservation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.157-183
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to establish a detailed strategic countermeasure for Korean west coast ports(Pyeongtaek Dangjin Port, Incheon Port, and Gwangyang Port) to be developed into core ports in the Pan-Yellow Sea area as the results such as strategic partnership ports analysis through the container volume analysis in Korean ports are comprehensively taken into account between west coast ports and other major ports in the Pan-Yellow Sea area. This study utilized related data which import and export data by Office of Customs Administration and SPIDC by Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries for analyzing container volume between two ports. Strategic partnership ports were selected based on in-depth analysis on 5 standards such as container volume in 2012, increase rate of trading, occupancy rate, variance rate, and contribution of container volume. As a result of selection strategic partnership port in Pan-Yellow Sea area, Lianyungang, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Dalian port in Pyeongtaek Dangjin Port, Shidao, Weihai, Qingdao, Tianjin, Dalian port in Incheon, Qingdao, Yantai, Dalian, Lianyungang port in Gwangyang port. Also this study proposed implications of countermeasure to establish strategic partnership ports for each of west coast ports.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.139-152
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• 2008

China's rapid growth of economy and developing logistics facilities such as sea and air ports can give the good effects to increase the trade and logistics cargo volumes within Pan Yellow Sea Economic Bloc which consists of Korea, China, Japan and Russia. These phenomenon also stimulate the development of the West Coastal Integrated Belt in South Korea. In the past 20th century, South Korea's advanced and developed areas were located on the Kyeong-Bu Axis, the straight line of Seoul and Busan. However, due to the china's effect, this axis is moving into the West Coast area between Incheon (Seoul) and Mokpo, which is closely located to China. In this aspect, sea ports located in West Coast of Korea have shown the steep increase in container and non-container cargo volumes. With regard to the changing environments in sea ports, this paper's aim is to investigate the developing potential of Gunsan (Saemangum) area located on mid of West Coast. As results, targeted area have shown the potential in terms of port network, supply chain management and transferring location for container cargoes. Moreover, for implementing the suitable roles, construction of New Saemangun port, closely located in Gunsan port, is needed to overcome the limitations of Gunsan port.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.361-369
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• 1997

In order to investigate the abundance and transboundary fluxes of air pollutants over the Yellow Sea, airborne measurements were made aboard the SF-600 aircraft (Pan-Asia Engineering) in March, 1996. The data presented in this paper are preliminary results and airborne experiment will be carried out until 1999. The vertical profile of relevant meteorological parameters such as temperature, water vapor, wind direction and wind speed were also observed at Taean. Mixing layer height was about 1000~1100m during the flights. The SO$_2$ and NO$_{x}$ concentrations were 3~6 ppb and 5~7 ppb below 1000 m, within 1 ppb and 3~5 ppb at 1000~2000m, respectively. Backward trajectory analyses were also carried out. A mathematical method by Lelieveld et al.(1989) was used to estimate the flux of air pollutants through the planetary boundary layer of Yellow Sea area. Transboundary fluxes were calculated using the measurement results with respect to the pollutants concentration, depth of the planetary boundary layer, wind speed and wind direction. The estimated transboundary flux of SO$_2$through the western boundary of Korea was about 39~42 tons/hour.r.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.299-322
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• 2015

Generally Container can be seperated from FCL and LCL. The LCL cargo can be evaluated as a cargo that makes it possible to attract a relatively stable volume and create added value. The aim of this study is to suggest improvement plan for atrracting LCL cargo in Pyeongtaek Port. In order to achieve the object of the study, The research structure is following. 1) analyzing a movement path of the LCL cargo occurring in Pan Yellow-Sea. 2) analyzing the problems to handle LCL cargoes in Pyeongtaek Port. The basic data for analyzing the movement path of LCL Cargoes utilize the data of the Customs Service. and the problems of LCL freight handled suggested from forwarder, carferry liners, and bonded warehouse companies by interview. In this study, We use Fuzzy-AHP as the methodology to analyze the importance of attracting major improvement for LCL shipments in Pyeongtaek Port. As the result, The expansion of inspection equipment and personnel was presented as the most important improvement too solve the clearance problems that is the most serious problems in Pyeongtaek Port. and The realization of incentive payments that local government pay for Profitability of related companies are needed.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 2010

It is well recognized that the availability of prompt, effective and economical means of dispute resolution is an important element in the orderly growth and encouragement of international trade and investment. Increasingly, arbitration, instead of litigation in national courts, has become the preferred means of resolving private international commercial disputes. Under the situation, it will be important thing for arbitral institutions to reach an agreement to promote the dispute settlement of the commercial disputes, for which efforts have been made between the Korean Commercial Arbitral Board(KCAB) and principal arbitration institutions of the foreign countries. Since 1973, the KCAB has entered into many arbitration agreements with well-known foreign institutions of arbitration. If the place of arbitration is not so designated by the parties, it, as a general rule, shall be the country of the respondent(s) under the Korea-Japanese Arbitration Agreement. On the other hand, the U.S.-Korean Commercial Arbitration Agreement maintains 'Joint Arbitration Committee which finally decide the place of arbitration. In 1996, the Korea-Austria Agreement of Cooperation was concluded for the prompt and equitable settlement on an amicable basis of commercial disputes. Under this Agreement, arbitral institutions between Korea and Austria agreed to act as an appointing authority in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. It is also very important for Korea and China including North Korea to cooperate each other for the settlement of the commercial disputes within the Pan Yellow Sea Economic Bloc(PYSEB). The PYSEB is quickly becoming a distinctive and crucial region in the world sharing geographical proximity, many common historical experiences, and similar cultural norms and values although they have disparities in stages of development, trade and economic policies, and financial and legal frameworks. Finally, it should be considered to establish a central common system for settlement promotion of the commercial disputes within the PYSEB through the arbitration agreement. Such a dispute resolution system was already introduced and established within the area of the NAFTA, and it is called the Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas(CAMCA).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

During a field survey of Korean marine ciliates, we collected three ciliate species from the eastern coastal waters of the Yellow Sea. Based on the observation of living and protargol and wet silver nitrate stained cells, the ciliates, belonging to the classes Spirotrichea and Oligohymenophorea, were identified as Cardiostomatella vermiformis (Kahl, 1928) Corliss, 1960, Parallelostrombidium paraellipticum Song et al., 2018, and Pleuronema paucisaetosum Pan et al., 2015. Both Parallelostrombidium paraellipticum and Pleuronema paucisaetosum were described only from their type localities, i.e., brackish water, suggesting that they tolerate a broad range of salinity, while Cardiostomatella is marine ciliate and seems to be cosmopolitan. These three species were reported for the first time in Korea. Brief descriptions, remarks to justify their identity and to compare the present isolates with similar taxa, and photomicrographs were provided for the three species.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.499-506
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• 2015

To analyze the port choice hierarchy, factorial and AHP analysis were conducted based on the survey for shippers using west coastal ports. As the result of analysis with 17 factors, 6 main factors; port service, port operation and geographical condition, connectivity to hinterland, port cost, accessibility and facilities were chosen. Based on this, AHP and correlation analysis of each factor were conducted. And the results were shown as cost, service, facility, connectivity, accessibility and operation in order. In addition, several ways for incentive program, the most important factor based on AHP analysis, to influence shippers around west coastal port were reviewed. As the result of review for the incentive program of domestic container ports, it was shown that three ports, Gun-san, Dae-san and Mok-po, offer incentive to shipper while two ports, Pyeong-tak and Dang-jin, do not. Therefore, the former three ports need to reinforce the existing incentive program while the latter ones introduce it.