• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.272-272
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• 2023

기후변화로 인해 많은 경우 강수량은 증가할 것으로 전망되지만 시공간적 편차 또한 커짐으로써 가뭄 위험은 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 가뭄 위험도 평가는 강수량, 유출량 등 수문자료로부터 추출한 가뭄변량의 빈도해석을 통해 이루어질 수 있다. 빈도해석의 대상이 되는 수문변량의 통계적 속성이 일정하게 유지되는 정상성의 가정은 기존 빈도해석 방법의 핵심이 되지만, 최근 기후변화로 인한 수문변량의 통계적 특성 변화가 발생할 것으로 예상되기 때문에 이러한 비정상성의 특성을 빈도해석 시 고려할 필요가 있다. 자료의 비정상성을 평가하는데 짧은 기록을 갖는 자료로부터 변화 추세를 신뢰성 있게 평가하는 것은 어려움이 크다. 이러한 점에서 지점자료를 통합적으로 활용할 수 있는 지역빈도해석 절차 도입을 통해 해석 결과에 신뢰성을 확보하는 것이 합리적이다. 본 연구에서는 유역단위에서 가뭄의 지속기간과 심도 사이의 상호의존성을 고려하기 위해 이변량 Copula 함수 기반 가뭄 지역빈도해석을 도입했으며, 두 가뭄변량의 주변확률분포의 매개변수는 시간에 따른 함수로 가정하였다. 모형의 모든 매개변수는 계층적 Bayesian 모형을 통해 동시에 추정하였다. 최종적으로 주어진 가뭄빈도에 해당하는 시간에 따라 변화하는 가뭄 위험을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.437-437
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• 2022

The prediction of dam inflow rate is crucial for the management of the largest multi-purpose dam in South Korea, the Soyang Dam. The main issue associated with the management of water resources is the stochastic nature of the reservoir inflow leading to an increase in uncertainty associated with the inflow prediction. The Autoregressive (AR) model is commonly used to provide the simulation and forecast of hydrometeorological data. However, because its estimation is based solely on the time-series data, it has the disadvantage of being unable to account for external variables such as climate information. This study proposes the use of the Autoregressive Exogenous Stochastic Volatility (ARXSV) model within a Bayesian modeling framework for increased predictability of the monthly dam inflow by addressing the exogenous and stochastic factors. This study analyzes 45 years of hydrological input data of the Soyang Dam from the year 1974 to 2019. The result of this study will be beneficial to strengthen the potential use of data-driven models for accurate inflow predictions and better reservoir management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.487-492
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• 2012

Trace element zinc deficiency or excess is implicated in the development or progression of some cancers. The exact role of zinc in the etiology of colon cancer is unclear. To cast light on this question, an experimental model of colon carcinogenesis was applied here. Six week old rats were given sub cutaneous injections of DMH (30 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for three months and sacrificed after 4 months (precancer model) and 6 months (cancer model). Plasma zinc levels showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) at 4 months and a greater significant decrease at 6 months (p<0.01) as compared with controls. In the large intestine there was a significant decrease in tissue zinc levels (p<0.005) and in CuZnSOD, and alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.05) in the pre-cancerous model and a greater significant decrease in tissue zinc (p<0.0001), and in CuZnSOD and alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.001), in the carcinoma model. The tissue zinc levels showed a significant decrease in the small intestine and stomach (p<0.005) and in liver (p<0.05) in the cancer model. 87% of the rats in the precancer group and 92% rats in the cancer group showed histological evidence of precancerous lesions and carcinomas respectively in the colon mucosa. This study suggests that the decrease in plasma zinc, tissue zinc and activity of zinc related enzymes are associated with the development of preneoplastic lesions and these biochemical parameters further decrease with progression to carcinoma in the colon.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2015

Background: To explore the relationship between persistent post-radiotherapy pain and locoregional recurrence in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: Five year retrospective data was reviewed of 86 patients of head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy who continued to have pain at 6 weeks after completion of treatment. At follow-up after 3 months, these patients were stratified into: Group A (n = 39) constituted of patients whose pain subsided and Group B (n = 47) were patients who continued to have persistent pain. Results: At median follow-up time of 25 months (range: 8-47), one patient (2.6%) and 18 (38.3%) patients in group A and group B had locoregional recurrence respectively (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, group B patients had higher mean pain score levels as compared to group A (P = 0.03). Patients in whom pain subsided within 3 months had statistically much greater disease-free survival in comparison to those with persistent pain (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Pain in head and neck cancer is an important symptom and should be considered a poor prognostic factor. In the current study, the majority of the patients with persistent pain had recurrent disease as compared to those in whom pain subsided within 3 months of post-treatment. It is suggested that patients with persistent pain need more intense follow-up and should be investigated thoroughly to detect recurrence at an early stage to provide a better quality of life.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2010

A protocol for in vitro propagation from pseudobulb sections of Lycaste armomatica (Graham ex Hook) Lindl., an ornamental and fragrant orchid, was developed. The effect of four cytokinins: kinetin (K), metatopolin (mT), $N^6$-benzyladenine (BA), and thidiazuron (TDZ), in equimolar concentrations, was investigated. Shoot formation from apical and basal pseudobulb sections was obtained in all treatments. A few medial sections cultured in media supplemented with BA formed protocorm-like bodies. Shoot formation was greater from the basal section than the apical, and mainly occurred in explants cultured in media containing TDZ. The highest average numbers of shoots per explant were achieved from basal sections cultured in media supplemented with TDZ at 4.4, 8.87 and 2.2 ${\mu}M$, forming on average 9.9, 8.6 and 7.3 shoots per explant, respectively. Since the medial pseudobulb section was the worst explant for propagation of L. aromatica, we recommend that pseudobulbs be divided into two sections; the basal half should be cultured in MS medium supplemented with TDZ at 4.4 ${\mu}M$ and the apical half with TDZ at 2.2 ${\mu}M$. Subculturing individual shoots in MS medium without plant growth regulators allows further development and rooting. A survival rate of more than 90% under greenhouse conditions was achieved. This research represents a direct contribution to the conservation and sustainable use of this valuable natural resource.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2017

Purpose: The American Academy of Pediatrics provides guidelines for managing febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants and children 2-24 months old, but little guidance is offered regarding UTIs in those younger than 8 weeks of age. The definition of UTI is unclear and whether to proceed with micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) or $^{99m}$technetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy scan in this age group is controversial. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 29 neonates and infants younger than 2 months of age who underwent late DMSA scans 9 months following the first episode of febrile or symptomatic UTI between July 2009 and June 2016. Results: In total, 192 children aged 0-24 months underwent ultrasound and DMSA scans (MCUG in 174/192). Neonates and infants younger than 2 months of age were significantly less likely to develop fever, and had a lower fever peak, shorter duration of fever before admission and after starting antibiotics, longer hospitalization period, lower C-reactive protein, and greater incidence of nonEscherichia coli infection. There was no difference in pyuria response at diagnosis. The prevalence rates of an ultrasound abnormality (28%), vesicoureteral reflux (28%), UTI recurrence (38%), and renal scarring (10%) in infants younger than 8 weeks of age were similar to those in children 2-24 months old. Conclusion: Neonates and infants younger than 2 months of age with UTI warrant special consideration because the fever response used for diagnosis in older children may be absent or blunted. Clinical guideline is needed for the diagnosis and management of UTI in this age group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.12 s.159
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• pp.1714-1722
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• 2006

Women's perceptions of body size and body image are important topics for researchers in multiple fields. The terms body image or body self refer to perceptions and beliefs that an individual holds about his or her body (Rosenbaum, 1979; Schilder, 1953). Few studies have focused on body image perceptions as they relate to parent-child pairs. This study investigated the perceptions that mothers and daughters each had of their own body, the other's body, and their ideals for the same. The purposive sample used in this study consisted of 41 mother-daughter pairs. The sampled focus was girls between ages 9 and 14, and their mothers. Significant differences between how mothers saw their daughters and how daughters saw themselves emerged only for the plus size group. The clearest significant difference between mothers and daughters was in their dissatisfaction with themselves. The mothers were more dissatisfied. flus-size girls were significantly more dissatisfied with their mothers' bodies than normal size girls were with their mothers' bodies. The mothers of plus size girls were significantly more dissatisfied with their daughters' bodies than were the mothers of normal size daughters.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.697-702
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• 2016

Background: The Asia-Pacific Breast Initiatives (APBI) I and II registries were established to collect safety data for patients with early stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant docetaxel-based regimens in the Asia-Pacific region. Materials and Methods: Data from the two registries were combined to perform a safety analysis. Participants in the registry were women with early stage operable breast cancer with an intermediate or high risk of recurrence. These women received adjuvant chemotherapy that included docetaxel between 2006 and 2011. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and analyzed. Results: Data were collected from 3,224 patients from 13 countries. The mean dose intensity of docetaxel was 24.1, 22.7, $25.1mg/m^2/week$ among patients receiving docetaxel-based monotherapy, combination therapy and sequential therapy, respectively. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was given with docetaxel to 41.8% of women and 20.6% of women receiving prophylactic antibiotics. Adverse events were reported in 86% of patients (anthracycline-containing regimens vs. non-anthracycline regimens; 87% vs. 80%). The most common adverse events were alopecia, nausea, neutropenia, vomiting, and myalgia. Adverse events NCI CTCAE ${\geq}$Grade 3 were reported in 45.4% of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 13% of patients, of which 2.5% led to study discontinuation. Forty-six deaths (1.4%) were reported, with no significant difference between regimens. Conclusions: The safety parameters of adjuvant docetaxel therapy used to treat sequential Asian women were comparable to those reported in clinical trials evaluating the role of adjuvant docetaxel. No unusual adverse events linked to Asia-Pacific region patients were observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1806-1816
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• 2019

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus possessing multiple virulence factors controlling pathogenicity. Cell wall proteins are the most important among these factors, being the first elements contacting the host. Ddr48 is a cell wall protein consisting of 212 amino acids. A DDR48 haploinsufficient mutant strain was previously found necessary for proper oxidative stress response and drug resistance. In this study, we aimed to further elucidate the role of Ddr48 by performing additional phenotypic characterization assays. A combinatory proteomic and bioinformatics approach was also undertaken to determine differentially expressed cell wall proteins. Results showed that the mutant strain exhibited a 10% decrease in adhesion mirrored by a 20% decrease in biofilm formation, and slight sensitivity to menadione, diamide, and SDS. Both strains showed similar hyphae formation, virulence, temperature tolerance, and calcofluor white and Congo red sensitivities. Furthermore, a total of 8 and 10 proteins were identified exclusively in the wild-type strain grown under filamentous and non-filamentous conditions respectively. Results included proteins responsible for superoxide stress resistance (Sod4 and Sod6), adhesion (Als3, Hyr4, Pmt1, and Utr2), biofilm formation (Hsp90, Ece1, Rim9, Ipp1, and Pra1) and cell wall integrity (Utr2 and Pga4). The lack of detection of these proteins in the mutant strain correlates with the observed phenotypes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.974-983
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate the Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) and Self-transcendence Scale (STS) into Korean and test the psychometric properties of the instruments with Korean elders. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to implement the three stages of the study. Stage I consisted of translating and reviewing the scales by six experts. In Stage II, equivalence was tested by comparing the responses between the Korean and English versions among 71 bilingual adults. Stage III established the psychometric properties of the Korean versions SPS-K and STS-K among 154 Korean elders. Results: Cronbach's alpha of the SPS-K and the STS-K .97, and .85 respectively with Korean elders. Factor analysis showed that the SPS-K had one factor; the STS-K had four factors with one factor clearly representing self-transcendence as theorized. Both scales showed good reliability and validity for the translated Korean versions. However, continued study of the construct validity of the STS-K is needed. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that the SPS-K and the STS-K could be useful for nurses and geriatric researchers to assess a broadly defined spirituality, and to conduct research on spirituality and health among Korean elders. Use of these scales within a theory-based study may contribute to further knowledge about the role of spirituality in the health and well-being of Korean people facing health crises.