• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.13-16
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the effects of watching 2D and 3D images on the blink rate. Regarding the image watch, their blink rate for 2D and 3D images was separately checked for 1 minute in the 1m distance, before the watch, after 15 minutes of watch, and after 30 minutes of watch. About the change of their blink rate in the 2D image watch, it tended to become higher than that before watching the image; however, there was no statistical significance (paired t-test, p=0.106, p=0.062). And in the 2D image watch, it tended to increase in comparison between after 15 minutes and after 30 minutes, but there was no statistical significance (paired t-test, p=0.623). Meanwhile, about the change of their blink rate in the 3D image watch, it tended to decrease statistically significantly both after 15 minutes and after 30 minutes when compared with that before watching the image (paired t-test, p=0.000, p=0.000). In the 3D image watch, it tended to increase in comparison between after 15 minutes and after 30 minutes; however, there was no statistical significance (paired t-test, p=0.867).

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.225-239
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• 2020

Analysis approaches for single compositional data are well established; however, effective analysis strategies for paired compositional data remain to be investigated. The current project was motivated by studies of age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis), where subjects are classified into four audiometric phenotypes that need to be ranked within these phenotypes based on their paired compositional data. We address this challenge by formulating this problem as a classification problem and integrating a penalized multinomial logistic regression model with compositional data analysis approaches. We utilize Elastic Net for a penalty function, while considering average, absolute difference, and perturbation operators for compositional data. We applied the proposed approach to the presbyacusis study of 532 subjects with probabilities that each ear of a subject belongs to each of four presbyacusis subtypes. We further investigated the ranking of presbyacusis subjects using the proposed approach based on previous literature. The data analysis results indicate that the proposed approach is effective for ranking subjects based on paired compositional data.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2011

Background: In the brain, the dominant primary motor cortex (M1) has a greater hand representation area, shows more profuse horizontal connections, and shows a greater reduction in intracortical inhibition after hand exercise than does the non-dominant M1, suggesting a hemispheric asymmetry in M1 plasticity. Methods: We performed a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study to investigate the hemispheric asymmetry of paired associative stimulation (PAS)-induced M1 plasticity in 9 right-handed volunteers. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles of both hands, and MEP recruitment curves were measured at different stimulation intensities, before and after PAS. Results: MEP recruitment curves were significantly enhanced in the dominant, but not the non-dominant M1. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the dominant M1 has greater PAS-induced plasticity than does the non-dominant M1. This provides neurophysiological evidence for the asymmetrical performance of motor tasks related to handedness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.641-648
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• 2006

This study investigates which sound quality indices except SPL raise annoyance response. For investigation, auditory perception experiments for road traffic noise with identical linear SPL were performed by Paired Comparison Method. The numerical results of a Paired Comparison experiment express relative preference about annoyance. So that these relative preference scores are to be correlated to sound quality indices, which are absolute, a transformation is required to go from the relative domain to an absolute and linear scale of preference. The results of the transformation will be the 'merit values,' which quantifies the annoyance(in this case) of the road traffic noise on a linear scale. Using multiple regression, a formula is established that can calculate predicted merit values. Furthermore, This investigation offers a method selecting sound samples that represent various sound quality indices values to use experiment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.624-633
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• 2000

This study investigated students' verbal behaviors in paired think-aloud problem solving. High school students in chemistry classes were asked to use 4 stage problem-solving strategy through paired think-aloud problem solving, and their small-group behaviors were audio/video taped. Verbal behaviors of the solvers and listeners were classified into 8 categories. Solvers frequently exhibited the behaviors of 'require agreement', 'provide', and 'modify', and listeners frequently exhibited the behaviors of 'agree', 'ask', and 'point out'. With behaviors exhibited frequently, the verbal interaction between solvers and listeners were also investigated. In studying partial correlation between verbal behaviors and the improvement of problem-solving ability, listener's 'agree' and 'point out', and solver's 'modify' were positively related with listener's improvement. However, there was negative correlation between listener's 'point out' and solver's improvement. In a perception questionnaire, many students were found to perceive that the paired think-aloud problem solving helped them to be aware of the problem-solving processes. However, some listeners also perceived that it was difficult to know solver's problem-solving processes.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1993

Data obtained for sensory evaluation have a wide dispersion and fuzziness since human sensory organs are used as a means of measuring sensation instead of measuring instruments. Such dispersion and fuzziness are caused by all kinds of time error and have a great influence on the sensory evaluation, but most of previous papers not consider time errors. In this study, the comparative judgement capability of the evaluator was discriminated by means of the eigen- structure analysis on the premise that evaluation values of sensory evaluators obtained by a paired-comparison become different by the order of sample presentation.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.113-123
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• 1993

In a sensory evaluation, the data obtained by a result of evaluation have a wide dispersion and fuzziness because human sense organ is used as a means of measuring sensation instead of measuring instruments. These dispersion and fuzziness are caused by all kinds of time error and have a great influence on a sensory evaluation, but most of previous papers don't deal with these time errors. In this study, a comparative judgement capacity of an evaluator is discriminated by means of the eigen-structure analysis on the premise that evaluation value of sensory evaluators obtained by a paired-comparison become different by the order of sample presentation

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 2022

Objectives: There have been few studies to date on the residual effect of bisphosphonate. This study investigated the radiographic changes of mandibular cortical thickness upon bisphosphonate drug holiday. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study includes 36 patients diagnosed with MRONJ (medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw) at Ajou University Dental Hospital in 2010-2021. All patients stopped taking bisphosphonate under consultation with the prescribing physicians. Panoramic radiographs were taken at the start of discontinuation (T₀), 12 months after (T₁), and 18 months after (T₂) discontinuation of bisphosphonate, respectively. Mental index and panoramic mandibular index were calculated using Ledgerton's method. Paired t-tests were used to analyze differences over time. Results: The difference in indices (mental index and panoramic mandibular index) between T₀ and T₁ was not statistically significant (paired t-test, P>0.05). However, the difference in these indices between T₁ and T₂ was statistically significant (paired t-test, P<0.05). Conclusion: The cortical thickness of the mandible decreased in the late stage (after 18 months) as observed by panoramic radiograph.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4205-4208
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of EGFR in newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Materials and Methods: Our study included a total of 48 paired samples collected from 24 patients diagnosed with GBM. The intensity of EGFR cytoplasmatic staining was scored on a scale of 1-3+ (weak, intermediate or strong). Results: We found EGFR overexpression in 23 patients (96%) with newly diagnosed GBM, while all recurrent tumours overexpressed EGFR. Ten recurrent tumours (42%) had a lower expression than their new counterpart 13 tumours (54%) had a similar expression, and only one case (2%) had increased expression on recurrence. The expression of EGFR in newly diagnosed GBM was significantly correlated with EGFR expression in recurrent tumour (p = 0.036). In addition, new GBMs with strong EGFR expression had a mean relapse-free interval of 11.5 months (p=0.017). A benefit of combined therapy was observed in the radiotherapy-plus-chemotherapy group where the average time was 11 months (p=0.011), as compared with surgery/radiotherapy alone (average time 6.8 months). Conclusions: The present data show that EGFR is overexpressed in paired GBMs. The discrepancies of EGFR expression between the primary tumour and the recurrence suggest heterogeneity of GBMs but also unity at relapse.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.225-230
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• 2014

A kinetic study on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl X-substituted-benzoates (7a-i) with EtOK in anhydrous ethanol at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ is reported. The plots of pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obsd}$) vs. [EtOK] curve upward. Dissection of $k_{obsd}$ into the second-order rate constants for the reactions with the dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired EtOK (i.e., $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtOK}$, respectively) has revealed that the ion-paired EtOK is more reactive than the dissociated $EtO^-$. Hammett plots for the reactions of 7a-i with the dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired EtOK exhibit excellent linear correlations with ${\rho}_X$ = 3.00 and 2.47, respectively. The reactions have been suggested to proceed through a stepwise mechanism in which departure of the leaving-group occurs after the RDS. The correlation of the $k_{EtOK}/k_{EtO^-}$ ratio with the ${\sigma}_X$ constants exhibits excellent linearity with a slope of -0.53. It is concluded that the ion-paired EtOK catalyzes the reaction by increasing the electrophilicity of the reaction center rather than by enhancing the nucleofugality of the leaving group.