• Title/Summary/Keyword: Paint layer analysis

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Analysis of Pigments in the Buseoksa Josadang Murals in Yeongju

  • Song, You Na;Lee, Han Hyoung;Baek, Na Yeon;Jung, Cham Hee;Park, Min Jeong;Chung, Yong Jae
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 2020
  • Scientific analysis was conducted to identify the paint pigments used in the Buseoksa Josadang murals. optical microscopy(OM), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), XRF mapping, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS), and Raman spectroscopy were performed to examine the pigments. The results confirmed that the Josadang murals consist of two paint layers wherein the pigments were distinct for most colors. It was estimated that celadonite, white clay, red ochre, cinnabar and minium, synthetic green pigment containing tin and zinc paratacamite, or botallackite were used in the upper layer. In addition, bone white, celadonite, red ochre, azurite, cinnabar or vermilion, and gold were identified in the lower layer. In addition, as Zn and Sn were detected in the green pigments extracted from the top layer of the paint, it is believed that Josadang murals were repainted over the original paint layer at some point after the 17th century. In addition, white pigments containing calcium phosphate were found in all the colors in the bottom layer, which is the original paint layer. These results are significant because this is the first time that white pigments are found in Korean traditional paintings. Additionally, the information revealed about the pigments in this study will serve as areference for the pigments used in the Goryeo period.

The analysis study of mural painting pigments at Pongjongsa Kuknakjon (봉정사 극락전 벽화 안료의 재질 분석 연구(II))

  • Cho, Nam-Chu;Hong, Jong-Ouk;Moon, Whan-Suk;Hwang, Jin-Ju
    • 보존과학연구
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    • s.21
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    • pp.119-143
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    • 2000
  • The pigments composition and structure of the mural painting at Pongjongsa Kuknakjon is discussed. The structure of inner wall is consisited of Paint layer, Ground divided two layers of yellow and white pigments, Support. In case of outer wall, it is consisted of Paint layer, Ground divided three layers of yellow and green pigments, a layer mixed green pigments and paint layer, Support. As a result of compositon analysis of mural painting pigments at Pongjongsa Kuknakjon using Micro-area X-ray diffraction system, the red pigment on inner wall is consisted of Heamatite($Fe_2O_3$), Magnetite($Fe_3O_4$)of deep black pigment, and Chalcocite($Cu_2S$) of light black pigment. The white pigment on outer wall is consisted of Anglesite($PbSO_4$) and Atacamite($Cu_2CI(OH)_3$) of green pigment. We found out that natural pigments painted in the mural painting at Pongjongsa Kuknakjon has kept up its own color for a long time due to using the natural pigment not to artificial synthetic pigment.

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Material Characteristics and Conservation Treatment for Floral Wall in Lee Sang-beom's House and Atelier (이상범 가옥 및 화실 내 꽃담의 재료학적 특성과 보존처리)

  • Kim, So-Jin;Han, Min-Su;Lee, Won-Dong;Han, Byoung-Il
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.313-322
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    • 2011
  • The floral wall of Lee Sang-beom's House and Atelier, which is No. 171 of the Registrated Cultural Heritage was conserved. In addition, materials characteristics and manufacturing technique have revealed through the scientific analysis. As a result of the analysis, samples were divided into three sections; the support layer that is made from block bricks, the paint layer and the cement mortar layer on the paint layer for the reinforcement of the construction. The higher layer lies, the finer grains it has. Furthermore, a little it was generated a small quantity of pores and calcium carbonates ($CaCO_3$) generated due to aeration of cement mortar. The patterns of letters, animals and plants pattern were expressed in the paint layer by relief and openwork. The results of qualitative analysis of the pigments of the paint layer were detected components of carbon black (C), Fe oxide ($Fe_2O_3$) and oyster shell white ($CaCO_3$, or quicklime). On the other hands, as the conservation of the floral wall, stainless frames were set up for the structural stability, the cement mortar were removed from the surface and the partly damaged and cracked areas were filled with KSE Filler A, B.

Characteristic Analysis of Paint used in Defense Industries Equipments of Korean Conflict in The War Memorial of Korea (전쟁기념관 소장 6·25전쟁 방산장비의 도료 특성 분석)

  • Kang, Hyun Sam;Kim, Soo Chul;Park, Min Soo
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.215-221
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    • 2016
  • This study conducted analysis of paint samples from defense industries equipments of Korean Conflict in The War Memorial of Korea to identify the characteristics of the modern paint. The samples were analyzed by microscopic observation, infrared spectroscopy and SEM-EDS. Cross-section of paint samples are made up of several layers of about 9 to 20 times, and thickness of the layer is not uniform in the $10{\sim}100{\mu}m$. The putty was used for the surface treatment before painting. Inorganic analysis showed that one type of the putty consist of minium and kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide. According to the results of infrared spectroscopy, paint samples were identified as alkyd resin. Some bands such as C-H bending, C-O and C-C stretching, C-H rocking were found in spectra.

Study on Material Characteristic of Daegu Modern History Museum Collection Rickshaw (대구근대역사관 소장 인력거 재질분석 연구)

  • Lee, Ui Cheon;Lee, Yeong Ju;Kim, Soo Chul
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 2022
  • In this study, we analyzed the rickshaw (Owned by the Daegu Modern History Museum) by measuring each material. The purpose of the study was to identify the materials in modern cultural assets that utilize a variety of materials in a complex way, and establish basic data for preservation and management. Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers (P-XRF), species identification, fiber identification, paint film analysis (microscope observation, SEM-EDS, FTIR) on metal, wood, fiber and paint was carried out. Brass, an alloy of Copper, Zinc and Iron, was measured in the metal parts. Further, wooden parts, such as Oak (Quercus acutissima), Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Bamboo (Bambusoideae). Torreya nucifera (Torreya spp.) were identified in the body. Fiber parts consisted mainly of cotton, but some parts were also made of leather. In terms of paint, rickshaws were applied with multiple layers, using cashew (synthetic paint used in place of lacquer). In sum, the rickshaw body part appeared to overlap with layers of fiber, metal (soild), paint, and colored (black, red) layer.

Analysis of Automotive Paints using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography (열분해-가스크로마토그라피에 의한 자동차 페인트 분석)

  • Shon, Sung-Kun;Park, Ha-Sun;Lee, Jin-Sook;Hong, Sung-Wook;Park, Sung-Woo;Cho, Sung-Hye
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.101-107
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    • 2000
  • The automotive paints could be generally differentiated by color, layer sequence and chemistry of the paint layers comprising each of the topcoat and the primer system. The successful identification of hit-andrun a and traffic accidental vehicles from evidential paint fiagments is greatly facilitated with a comprehensive laboratory collection of reference paint samples and the technique for direct analysis without sample preparation. The Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography(PGC) is a precise and reliable method for performing both quantitative and qualitative analysis of polymeric materials and forensic samples. Our Forensic Laboratory is conducting the examination and identification of 73 reference paint samples; 4 colors of each domestic automotive make that is popular in Korea, by Curie Point Pyrolyzer(JHP-3) and GC with capillary column(ultra alloy-5). This method can be used not only to compare paint traces with their suspected sources, but also to identify the type, make and model of the automotive car.

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An Analysis of the Characteristics of Paint for Preservation of Painted Works Exhibited in the Outdoor Sculpture Parks: Focusing on the Works Installed in Sculpture Parks in Jeollabuk-do Area (야외 조각 공원 전시 페인팅 작품의 보존을 위한 도료 특성 분석: 전북 지역 조각 공원 설치 작품 중심으로)

  • Oh, Seung-Jun;Wi, Koang-Chul
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.383-392
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    • 2020
  • This study aimed to examine the characteristics of paint used for modern art works by conducting sectional observations, inorganic component analysis, and infrared spectroscopic analysis on the painted layers of 3 painted sculpture works exhibited in the Yongdam Dam Environmental Sculpture Park and Naejangsan Sculpture Park in the Jeollabuk-do area. The observations indicate that the cross section is composed of various layers of 2-3 folds, the thickness of the layers was uneven at approximately 23-150 ㎛, and putty was used for plate treatment prior to painting. Inorganic component analysis results show that putty containing calcium carbonate, iron oxide, diatomite, and titanium dioxide was used for the putty layer. It is also assumed that paint mixed with green (Cr2O3), blue(sodaliteblue), red(chromered), andwhite(TiO2) colors were used for the painted layers. As a result of infrared spectroscopic analysis to confirm the types of paint, it is estimated that the paint was mixed with polyester resin and an extender.

Lacquer Manufacturing Method for the Wooden Coffins of King Muryeong's Tomb based on the Scientific Analysis (과학적 분석방법을 이용한 무령왕릉 목관재의 옻칠 기법 연구)

  • Kim, Soo-Chul;Lee, Gwang-Hee;Kang, Hyung-Tae;Shin, Seong-Phil;Han, Min-Soo
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.247-258
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    • 2010
  • We conducted optical microscopy, infra-red spectroscopy and SEM-EDS analysis of the lacquer layers on the wooden coffins excavated from King Muryeong's Tomb. We found four varnishing methods according to the sub-materials of lacquer layers: The lacquer of wooden coffins with black paint layer on the surface were classified with two groups; single layer and three layers. The lacquer of wooden coffins without black paint layer on the surface were classified with two groups; single layer and two layers. IR spectra of the laquer were same as those of the oriental laquer. The SEM-EDS analysis showed that the lacquer layers were mixed with iron, copper and calcium.

Study on the Characteristics of Materials and Manufacturing Techniques for the Mural Paintings in Daeunjeon at Ssanggyesa Temple, Jindo (진도 쌍계사 대웅전 벽화의 재질특성 및 제작기법 연구)

  • Lee, Na Ra;Yu, Yeong Gyeong;Lee, Hwa Soo
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.701-711
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    • 2021
  • This study identifies the structure and material characteristics of the mural paintings in Daeungjeon at Ssanggyesa temple in Jindo by conducting scientific research and analysis including microscope examination, SEM-EDS, XRD, particle size analysis, and others. According to the analyses, the murals were considered to be of a typical soil mural style for Korean Buddhist murals, given that the walls were made of sand and soil and the murals had layers consisting of wall layers and a finishing layer. However, some finishing layer used calcite, while some ground layer used zinc white beneath the thick paint. In addition, there were similar features to those found on the surfaces of oil paintings such as cracks along with the paint layer, high gloss on surfaces, and thick brush strokes in many areas. It was found that the walls on which the murals were painted were made of soil but that the paint layer was created based on the oil painting technique using drying oil. It determined that the murals were painted in a unique painting style that is rarely found in other typical Buddhist murals in Korea.

Full Scale Frictional Resistance Reduction Effect of a Low Frictional Marine Anti-fouling Paint based on a Similarity Scaling Method (상사축척법에 기반한 저마찰 선박 방오도료의 실선 마찰저항 저감성능 추정)

  • Yang, Jeong Woo;Park, Hyun;Lee, Inwon
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 2017
  • In this study, a series of full-scale extrapolation procedures based on the Granville's similarity scaling method, which was employed by Schultz (2007), is modified and then applied to compare the resistance performance between two different anti-fouling coatings. As an analysis example, the low frictional AF coating based on a novel skin-friction reducing polymer named FDR-SPC (Frictional Drag Reduction Self-Polishing Copolymer), which had been invented by the present author, is employed. The low frictional coating, which gives 25.4% skin frictional reduction in lab test, is estimated to give 18.2% total resistance reduction for a 176k DWT bulk carrier.