• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2005

Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of hard board applied to acute low back pain patient by using Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Pain Rating Score(PRS). Methods From March. 2005 to October. 2005, 20 cases of acute low back pain were divided into 2 groups in sequence. Control group took a rest on the bed(marble-sponge mattress) and sample group took a rest on the hard board. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Pain Rating Score(PRS) were used to assess the change of pain. VAS and PRS were checked 3 times before the treatment, after 3day treatment and 6day treatment. Results 1. After 3day and 6day treatment, there was statistical significance between control and sample group by VAS. 2. After 3day and 6day treatment, there was statistical significance between control and sample group by PRS. Conclusions On treating acute low back pain, it is more effective taking a rest on the hard board than taking a rest on the bed. Further study is needed about effects of hard board applied to acute low back pain patient.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.461-472
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• 1994

The main purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of FIPS as an assessment tool for pain in children. The subject were 81 children whose ages ranged from 3 to 14 years old who were experiencing pain from an intramuscular injection. 40 were being seen in a local primary hospital and 41 in a university hospital. The data were collected in two settings at a 6 month interval, the first was on Nov. 5th 1991 in a local clinic by one doctor, the second was on May 1st. 1992 in a university hospital by two nurse. McGrath's(1985) face interval cards and weight box scale which is a numeral scale that contains from one to five boxes of cards were used as measures. To analyze the subject's ability to use the face scale and weight box scale, statistical frequency was employed. To determine the difference in the rated pain in-tensity on the face interval scale and the weight box, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were employed. To compare the difference in the rated pain intensity of the face interval scale and the weight box scale according to subject's general characteristics, X²-test was employed. The findings were as follows : 1. The subject's ages were from 3 to 14 with a mean age of 8.3 years old. There were 54(66.7%) male children and 27(33.3%) female children. 2. The number of subjects who correctly displayed cards ranging from none to severe pain was 66(81.5%) and the number who correctly compared two cards 3 times was 73(90.l％). 3. Correlation coefficients between each level card of the FIPS and WBS (Weight Box Scale) were r=.52∼.80 P<0.01. 4. There was no statistical difference in rating of the intensity on the FIPS and WBS.(t=1.12∼l.02, P<0.22∼0.45). 5. The differences in rating pain intensity according to the children's general characteristics were re-lated to age(X²=8.94, P<0.05), but not to sex (X²=0.23, P=0.80).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.263-268
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to observe the effectiveness of Korean Medicine treatments on pain reduction of patients who were diagnosed hip fracture - Acetabulum and Proximal Femur. We reviewed the 17 patients' records who had admitted to Daejeon Korean Medical hospital and diagnosed fracture of acetabulum or proximal femur bones from January 1, 2011 to April 30, 2020 during the admission retrospectively. Statistical analysis was done using the IBM SPSS statistics 25 program. We measured Numeric Rating Scale to evaluate the treatment's efficacy. Korean Medicine treatments reduced median of Numeric Rating Scale reduced statistically significantly from 6.00 to 3.00(p<0.05). During the admission, patients didn't experience the side effects of Korean Medicine treatments. In conclusion, these results implied that Korean medicine treatments showed a positive effect on pain reduction of hip fracture patients. Further research is required to confirm the effectiveness of Korean Medicine treatments.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to examine the effects of direct moxibustion on the Low back pain and Lowerlimb radiating pain. Methods : The patients were hospitalized in Daejeon Univ. Oriental Hospital and treated with acupuncture treatment, physical treatment and direct moxibustion. After treatments, we measured the Results & Conclusions : VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and PRS(Pain Rating Scale). VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and PRS(Pain Rating Scale) scores were improved in 3 cases of Low back pain and Lowerlimb radiating pain treated with direct moxibustion. So it is suggested that direct moxibution have the possibility to treat on sciatica.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7367-7376
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• 2015

This study was investigate the effects of the magnetic field therapy applied to the acupuncture point on dysmenorrhea experienced by high school girls and to verify the possibility to use this therapy as an effective in-home nursing intervention. Data were collected from Feburary to April, 2006. The research procedure was that female students who visited in public health center had to fill in questionnaires with dysmenorrhea Grapic Rating Scale(GRS) and Adjective Labor Pain Rating Scale(ALPRS), the gauge of pain, before participating the experiment. And then each group was tested for 3 hours. Participants before and after applying magnetic treatment filled each questionnaires with dysmenorrhea GRS and ALPRS. The GRS points and ALPRS points in the experimental group, applied by Magnetic Field therapy on acupuncture point is lower than that in the comparison group. The above result has proved that the magnetic field therapy on acupuncture has an effect on the pain alleviation of dysmenorrhea of female students in high school. Therefore, propose this therapy to dysmenorrhea of female students. In this research, ALPRS indicated validity on dysmenorrhea, so for verifying validity, further research is necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.684-692
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• 2013

Purpose: This study attempted to discover the effects of distraction on the hospitalized children's fear of the hospital and needle-related pain. Methods: The experimental group was given visual stimulation using a character from the injection room entrance. In addition, the video recording of 'bambarabam' was provided for visual and auditory stimulation to distract the children. The research tools included the hospital-related fear scale, Faces Pain Rating Scale (Wong & Baker, 1988) and Procedure Behaviour Check List (Lebaron&Zeltzer, 1984). For statistical analysis, the SPSS 19.0 program was used on the collected data for $X^2$-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The experimental group showed significantly less fear ofthe hospital compared to the control group (U=151.50, p=.024). The experimental group showed significantly lower pain on both Faces Pain Rating Scale (U=167.50, p=.043) and the Procedure Behaviour Check List (U=106.00, p=.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that distraction was effective in reducing the child's fear of the hospital and injection pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.229-233
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• 2022

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a skin-sensitive condition/disease that causes severe pain in the facial area predominantly innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. A 51-year-old man diagnosed with glossopharyngeal neuralgia who was hospitalized with severe pain that limited his daily life activities. From November 18, 2021, to March 4, 2022, he received inpatient (10 days) and outpatient treatment (35 times) using acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine. His symptoms were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, Neuropathic Pain Scale, and the Self-report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptom and Signs. The pain reduced after 4 days of initiating Korean medicine treatment and was completely resolved within 4 months of treatment (Numerical Rating Scale score 4 to 0; Neuropathic Pain Scale score 49 to 8; Self-report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs score 18 to 0). Korean medicine treatment could be an option for treating patients with neuropathy who rely on analgesics.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2023

Objesctives: This study reports the effect of Korean medicine treatment on a patient with abdominal and lower back pain after a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: The patient received Korean herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture treatment, and acupuncture treatment for six days. We measured the numeric rating scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Range of Motion (ROM), and Life-5 Dimensions scale (EQ-5D) to assess symptom changes. Results: After treatment, the patient showed decreased numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), as well as augmented Range of Motion (ROM) and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions scale (EQ-5D). Conclusion: The results indicate that Korean medicine treatment is effective management for patients with abdominal and lower back pain after a laparoscopic hysterectomy.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.430-435
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of active movement with skin mobilization on range of motion, pain, and rating of perceived exertion in patients diagnosed with axillary web syndrome after axillary lymph node dissection. Design: A Case report Methods: It was performed on 7 patients diagnosed with axillary web syndrome after lymph node dissection. The subjects experienced a decrease in the range of joint motion and pain in movement when raising their arms in their daily lives, and complained of discomfort. The active range of motion, numeric rating scale, and modified Borg scale of shoulder joint flexion were measured, and the differences after active movement with skin mobilization were compared. Results: All subjects increased by 24.9 degree on average in active range of motion after active movement with skin mobilization intervention. There was no pain in the maximum range of joint motion measured before intervention, and rating of perceived exertion was significantly reduced. Conclusions: Active movement with skin mobilization can be a very useful way to help improve and treat axillary web syndrome, and it is recommended for improving the function and quality of life of axillary web syndrome patients. and It is also believed that it can be used steadily at home through the education of patients and families.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2020

Objectives: Our review aimed to summarize and evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) in the treatment of shoulder pain. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of BVA on shoulder pain were searched up to October 2019 in 11 electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, CiNii, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Kmbase, NDSL, RISS, OASIS). The methodological quality of the included RCTs were evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: Seven studies were included in the review, and four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing BVA plus conventional therapy (CT) with saline injection plus CT, it showed an effect in favor of BVA plus CT in visual analog scale (VAS) and pain rating scale (PRS) (p = 0.02, p = 0.009, respectively). Comparing BVA plus physiotherapy (PT) with saline injection plus PT, it showed that there was no significant difference in VAS and verbal rating scale (VRS) between the two groups. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that BVA could be beneficial as an adjuvant treatment for shoulder pain.