• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2006

Purpose: This study were to examine the relationship among chronic pain, pain beliefs, pain coping, and fatigue and to define the main factors influencing chronic pain in the elderly. Method: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 276 Korean elderly. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: Chronic pain score was 5.45, which was slightly higher than the average. There were significant differences in chronic pain according to age, marital state, economic state, and duration of pain. There was a significant positive correlation between chronic pain and pain beliefs, passive pain coping, physical fatigue and mental fatigue. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between chronic pain and active pain coping. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 44% of the variance in chronic pain was significantly accounted for by passive pain coping(31%), pain beliefs(8%), physical fatigue(4%), and active pain coping(1%). Conclusion: These results suggested that pain beliefs, pain coping, and fatigue can be influencing factors on chronic pain for the elderly. Also, the findings can provide a basis for nursing intervention development to effectively manage chronic pain for the elderly.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

Psychsocial factors appear to play an important role in the maintenance and development of chronic disability from low back pain. Fear of pain may be more disabling than the pain itself in patients with nonacute low back pain. The purpose of this study was to identify the contribution of gender, age, depression and pain-related fear to pain intensity and disability in nonacute low back pain patients. This was a cross-sectional survey study of eighty four patients who had low back pain for at least 4 weeks. More than moderate correlations were found between pain intensity, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs and depression. Regression analyses revealed that disability ratings and fear-avoidance beliefs for work activities significantly contributed to the prediction of pain intensity, even when controlling for age, gender and pain duration. Also, fear-avoidance beliefs for physical activity, pain intensity, age and depression, significantly contributed to the prediction of disability, even when controlling for gender and pain duration. These findings suggest that disability scores and fear-avoidance beliefs for work activities are important determinants of pain intensity. They also suggest that fear-avoidance beliefs for physical activity, pain intensity, age and depression are important determinants of disability.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs and functional status in individuals suffering from low back pain, and to identify factors that influence on fear-avoidance beliefs, functional status and pain. A cross-sectional study included 214 individuals with low back pain. Each of subjects completed a fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) which divided into two subscales, FABQ for physical activity (FABQ-PA) and FABQ for work(FABQ-W), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Individuals with radiating pain were significantly higher in FABQ-PA, FABQ-total, and ODI scores than with no radiation pain (p<.05). Individuals who had received surgery were significantly higher in FABQ-PA, FABQ-total, ODI and NPRS scores when compared with individuals who had not received it (p<.05). And individuals with taking medication were significantly higher in all variables (FABQ-PA, FABQ-W, FABQ-total ODI and NPRS) than individuals not taking medication (p<.05). In correlation analysis. age appeared to be significantly correlated with FABQ-PA, FABQ-total and ODI scores (p<.05), and all variables was significantly correlated with each other (p<.01). These findings indicate that individuals suffering from low back pain have psychosocial problems such as fear-avoidance beliefs as well as functional status and pain. Fear-avoidance beliefs may contribute to aggravate physical symptoms, and therefore it should be carefully considered for the management of individuals with low back pain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.713-716
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• 2013

Social and behavioral scientists have proposed that a person's belief system crucially influences his or her behaviour, and therefore may affect outcomes of pain management. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between analgesic beliefs, analgesic adherence and pain experience amongst Taiwanese cancer outpatients. The cross-sectional study included 92 oncology outpatients in two teaching hospitals in the Taipei area of Taiwan. The research instruments included the Pain Opioid Analgesic Beliefs Scale-Cancer (POABS-CA), opioid adherence, and the Brief Pain Inventory-Chinese (BPI-Chinese). Beliefs about pain and opioids demonstrated a significant relationship with patients' opioid adherence (r = -0.30, p < 0.01). The more negative beliefs regarding opioids and pain the patient had, the worse their adherence to around the clock (ATC) analgesic regimen. However, there was no significant correlation between opioid belief and pain experience. As well, there were no significant relationships between adherence to opioid regimen and any of the measures of pain experience. The study highlights the potential importance of a patient's pain and opioid beliefs in adherence to pain medication.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2017

본 연구는 만성 요통 환자의 통증 신념과 우울, 통증 신념과 통증생활방해 사이의 통증대처(능동적 대처와 수동적 대처)의 매개 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS-WIN 21.0 프로그램으로, 다중매개 효과는 Indirect SPSS macro (Bootsrapping)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 통증신념은 $3.42{\pm}9.67$점이었고, 수동적 대처 $29.68{\pm}8.04$점, 능동적 대처 $25.49{\pm}4.22$점, 우울은 $25.49{\pm}11.56$점, 통증생활방해는 $46.94{\pm}12.65$점 이었으며, 이 5 가지 변수 간에 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 만성요통 환자의 통증신념과 우울 사이에서 수동적 대처와 능동적 대처의 다중매개효과는 (b=.453, 95% CI=.228, .703)로 유의하였다. 통증신념과 통증생활방해에서 수동적 대처와 능동적 대처의 다중매개효과는 (b=.285, 95% CI=.131, .519)로 유의하였다. 능동적인 대처 전략은 통증 신념과 우울, 통증생활방해 사이의 관계에 긍정적인 중재 효과로 작용할 수 있음을 발견하였으며, 수동적 대처 전략은 부정적인 효과를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 만성 요통 환자를 대상으로 능동적 대처를 늘리는 대처 전략 프로그램이 필요하다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2021

Purpose: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely prescribed for postmenopausal women with breast cancer and are known to cause musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to identify factors associated with AI continuation intention among breast cancer survivors (BCS). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 123 BCS (stages I-III), who had been taking AIs for at least 6 weeks. Participants were recruited from a cancer center in Goyang, Korea, from September to November 2019. Descriptive statistics, Welch analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression were used for the analysis. Results: Beliefs about endocrine therapy was a significant predictor of AI continuation intention (β=.66, p<.001). The majority of participants (87.0%) reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain since taking AIs and the score for the worst pain severity within 24 hours was 5.08±2.80 out of 10. Musculoskeletal pain, however, was not associated with AI continuation intention. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) was clinically significant (≥13) for 74.0% of the respondents (mean, 17.62±7.14). Musculoskeletal pain severity and pain interference were significantly associated with FCR (r=.21, p<.05; r=.35, p<.01, respectively). Pain interference was significantly associated with beliefs about endocrine therapy (r=-.18, p<.05). Conclusion: AI continuation intention can be modified by reinforcing patients' beliefs about endocrine therapy. Musculoskeletal pain may have a negative effect on beliefs about endocrine therapy and increase FCR among BCS. Thus, awareness of musculoskeletal pain during AI therapy should be raised and further research is required to develop multidisciplinary pain management strategies and clinical guidelines to reinforce beliefs about endocrine therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the correlation between fear-avoidance beliefs and neck pain/neck disability caused by traffic accidents. Methods : We surveyed 52 patients who were injured in traffic accidents. The patients completed baseline measures of pain, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs according to the visual analogue scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI) and a fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ). At the end of medical treatment, VAS and NDI were reassessed. In order to determine the relationship between FABQ(including its subscales), change of VAS and NDI, Pearson correlation coefficients were used. To examine the accuracy of previously reported cut-off scores, we classified the patients into low and high groups and analyzed the change of VAS and NDI. The relationship was measured by Mann-Whitney U-test and a student's T-test. Results : FABQ and its subscales(total, physical activity and work) were significantly correlated with final VAS and NDI. FABQ-T showed low significant negative correlation with change of NDI. Previously reported cut-off scores did not show a statistical significance in this study Conclusions : This study suggests that screening for fear-avoidance beliefs may be useful for identifying patients at risk of prolonged pain after traffic accidents.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

Background: Patients suffering from non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) can interpret their chest pain wrongly despite having received a correct diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the relaxation method with metaphor therapy for reducing irrational beliefs and pain severity in patients with NCCP. Methods: Using a randomized controlled trial, 33 participants were randomly divided into a relaxation training group (n= 13), a metaphor therapy group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10), and were studied for 4 weeks. The two tools used in this research were the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) index for determining the degree of pain and the short version of the Jones Irrational Belief Test. Metaphor therapy and a relaxation technique based on ${\ddot{O}}$st's treatment were used as the interventions. The collected data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), a Chi-square test, and the Bonferroni procedure of post-hoc analysis. Results: The relaxation training method was significantly more effective than both metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in reducing the patients' beliefs of hopelessness in the face of changes and emotional irresponsibility, as well as the pain severity. Metaphor therapy was not effective on any of these factors. In fact, the results did not support the effectiveness of metaphor therapy. Conclusions: Regarding the effectiveness of the relaxation method as compared with metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in the control group, this study suggests that relaxation should be paid greater attention as a method for improving the status of patients. In addition, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of metaphor therapy in this area.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of muscle energy technique and stretching on pain and pressure pain fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in patients with chronic back pain aged 30~40 years. Design: Pretest-Posttest design: single blind. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30, 22 males and 8 females between the ages of 30 and 40 with chronic back pain. Each group consists of three groups of 10 people. Changes in back pain were observed using Korean version of Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ). And the change in tenderness was observed using digital pressure statistics. Changes between groups after 3 weeks were compared with those before the experiment using one way ANOVA to determine the changes after 3 weeks. And the change within the group was investigated using the paired t-test. Results: As a result of the experiment, there were significant differences in the group changes in K-ODI, VAS, FABQ, and pressure pain (p<0.05). And there was a significant difference in all items after 3 weeks compared to before the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with chronic back pain, the muscle energy technique and stretching gave a significant difference in pain and pressure pain, fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire changes. And this result suggests the possibility of providing basic data for future research and clinical physiotherapy intervention.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.506-516
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 진행암 환자의 통증강도와 통증강도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는 것이다. 자료 수집은 설문지를 사용하여 2016년 6월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 수집하였다. 표본 크기는 종합병원 이상 상급병원 종양내과에 입원하거나 외래를 방문하는 진행암 환자 221명이었다. 자료 분석은 기술통계, Pearson 상관분석 및 단계적 다중 회귀분석으로 하였다. 진행암 환자의 일평균 통증강도는 4.23(${\pm}1.68$)점이었다. 통증강도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 질병지각(${\beta}=.27$, p<.001), 마약성 진통제에 대한 신념(${\beta}=.24$, p<.001), 교육수준(중학교, ${\beta}=.24$, p=.001), 월 가계경제 상태($${\geq_-}400$$, ${\beta}=.20$, p=.001), 성별(여성, ${\beta}=.14$, p=.017), 통증관리교육(${\beta}=-.14$ p=.020), 암 종류(췌장암, ${\beta}=.14$, p=.020)로 이들 변인에 의한 설명력은 28%이었다. 본 연구결과 진행암 환자가 느끼는 통증강도에 가장 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소는 질병지각과 마약성 진통제에 대한 신념이었다. 따라서 진행암 환자의 통증을 조절하기 위해 통증관리 지식과 진통제에 대한 신념뿐만 아니라 암에 대한 질병지각 개선이 포함된 통증관리 프로그램 개발이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.