• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

Purpose: There have been reports regarding the various factors associated with the level of discomfort and recovery from neurosensory symptoms in patients with trigeminal nerve injury. However, the contributing factors remain uncertain and poorly understood. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the possible association between various factors expected to affect neurosensory discomfort and recovery in patients with mandibular nerve injury after dental implant surgery. Methods: Eighty-nine post-dental implant surgery patients with mandibular nerve injury were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. A medical records review of the patients was done to determine if the patients' improvement was related to pain intensity, the length of time between the injury and removal of the implant or the depth of penetration of the implant into the mandibular canal as determined by cone-beam computed tomography. Results: There was no significant linear relationship between pain intensity and symptomatic improvement (p=0.319). There was no significant linear relationship between the level of mandibular canal penetration and either pain intensity (p=0.588) or symptomatic improvement (p=0.760). There was a statistically significant linear relationship between length of time before the injury was treated, both with pain intensity (p=0.004), and symptomatic improvement (p=0.024). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the length of time between nerve injury and initiation of conservative treatment is more closely related to the pain intensity and symptomatic improvement than other factors, including the level of mandibular canal invasion. Additionally, increased pain intensity and decreased symptomatic improvement can be expected over time, because of this linear trend. Therefore, although direct injury to the nerve is the most important factor contributing to a neurosensory disturbances, early neurosensory assessment and initiation of conservative treatment should be done to optimize recovery.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2008

The self-report measure is a useful tool for evaluating self-recognized disability and difficulty in daily living activities. Although many studies and clinics used the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) for measuring neck pain and functional impairment, there has not been much adaptation of this for use with Korean patients. The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of NPDS among Korean neck pain patients. Fifty-five subjects (32 males, 23 females) with neck pain enrolled in this study. They completed standardized self-administered questionnaires. The NPDS measures pain intensity; its interference with vocational, emotional, recreational, social, and functional aspects of living; and the presence and extent of associated factors. Reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NPDS scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. The test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NPDS was good ICC (2,1)=.86 (95%CI .76~.92). Cronbach's alpha value for NPDS was found to be .93, and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficient was .79 (p<.Oll. We conclude that the Korean version of NPDS has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain. Successful linguistic and cultural translation will admit appropriate cross-cultural comparison for clinical analysis. Therefore, this study can be expected to be used as an adequate evaluation scale for neck pain related studies and treatments.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the level of pain and depression in middle-aged women with chronic low back pain. Method: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. The participants were middle-aged women who visited two back pain clinics in Wonju from October, 2006 through February, 2007. A total of 195 low back pain patients agreed to participate in this study, and data from 177 were analyzed. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Center Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), and general characteristics. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized in the analysis. Results: The mean score for chronic low back pain as measured by the VAS was 4.99 (SD 2.41). The average score for depression as measured by the CES-D was 22.00 (SD 10.18). There was a significant relationship between the level of pain and depression (r=.372, p<.001). Conclusion: Nurses need to take into consideration depression of middle-age women with chronic low back pain for assessment and intervention. In the future, developing a strategy for integrating intervention of pain-control and depression will be needed in nursing care for middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1803-1809
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• 2019

Background: Cervical mobilization has been applied mainly for the improvement of arm and neck movements and pain reduction, and little research has been done to improve the executive function. Since this kind of so-called mechanical neck pain is one of most common symptoms, there are controversial issues about this with spine alignment. Posteroanterior (PA) mobilization from the Maitland concept is a process of examination, assessment, and treatment of neuromusculoskeletal disorder by manipulative physical therapy. Objective: To examine the short-term benefits of mobilization for patients with non-specific neck pain. Design: Dual-group Pretest-Posttest Design from the Quasi-Experimental research Methods: Fourteen participants (male 8, female 6; 20's of their age) with non-specific neck pains which are distributed all the unilateral or bilateral body side were recruited. Participants were categorized to Neck Pain with Movement Coordination Impairments (NPMCI) and Neck Pain with Mobility Deficits (NPMD) groups according to the results of physical examination. Professional physical therapist who has over 15-years-of clinical experience applicated manipulative therapy for the neck pain, an occupational therapist only conducted evaluations; K-NDI (Korean version of the Neck Disability Index), VAS (Visual Analog Scale), BDS-K (Korean version of Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale) for decreasing possible adverse effects; there were no person who reported other symptoms followed 4 weeks from the trial. Results: In the NPMCI group, data analysis indicated statistical differences between the PA mobilization interventions in NDI and BDS-K; even though, pain was reduced in VAS, this is not a significantly differ. In the NPMD group, data analysis represented statistical differences between the PA mobilization interventions in NDI, VAS and BDS-K; the scores were represented to be increased or the pain got relief. Conclusions: PA mobilization techniques according to Maitland concept have beneficial effects in patients with neck pain and other clinical positive effects which included neck disability, pain itself and motor function of upper extremity.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify health needs of the elderly at nursing homes by long-term care grade. Methods: The health needs of 116 elders at two nursing homes in Seoul were measured with resident assessment protocols (RAPs), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive performance scale (CPS), and pain and depression were measured by resident assessment instrument (RAI). Results: With regard to RAPs, 11 out of 18 items had different distribution in the 3 groups significantly. The 1st-grade elders had a higher percentage of 9 items than the 2nd- and 3rd-grade ones but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest health needs related with activity. The 2nd-grade elders had similar health needs to the 1st-grade ones. In terms of functional level, the 1st-grade elders had the highest percentage of CPS and ADL but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest score of pain and depression out of the 3 groups. The standardized assessment instrument to identify specific health needs by the 3 groups should be developed. Therefore, care plans to meet health needs of the 3 groups will be made. Conclusion: It is suggested that nursing care is required to the elderly of the 1st- and 2nd-grade and safe activity and environment to the 3rd-graded ones.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging)'s potential for diagnosis and indicator of abdominal cold hypersensitivity treatment from the clinical case study. Methods: The patient was a 35-year-old woman who was suffered by general coldness, sweating and general pain. The patient was treated by Herb medicine, Acupuncture treatment, Moxa treatment and Physical Treatment. The progress of symptoms was evaluated by checking the change of VAS, and inspecting the DITI. We studied the statistical significance from the difference of DITI results before and after treatment by paired T-test using SPSS windows (version 12.0). Results: The general coldness, sweating and general pain of this patient have declined, especially the abdominal coldness improvement showing. As a results, the temperature of four abdominal sites(GV4,6,12,17) after treatment were statistically higher than those before treatment. With comparison of Indang, DITI difference of abdominal sites before and after treatment were statistically significant from paired T-tests. Conclusion: The results suggest that DITI can be used for the diagnosis and assessment of abdominal cold hypersensitivity treatment.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the experiences of sensations after breast cancer surgery characterized by prevalence, frequency, and severity, distresses, and disturbances in ADL using the BSAS (Breast Sensation Assessment Scale) and to develop the standardized Korean BSAS. Methods: Thirty two women from 3 to 100 days after breast cancer surgery (BCS) completed Roberta's BSAS. The 18 sensations of BSAS were translated using the references of Lee's Korean Pain Rating Scale and English-English, English-Korean dictionaries and the consultation from two native Americans, one bilingual permanent resident of the States, and one nursing professor. The Korean-translated BSAS has high reliability in test-retest. Likert type 4-point scale and 100 mm VAS were used for assessment. Results: Certain sensations remained prevalent (tender, pull, pain), frequent (numb, nag, throb), severe (throb, shoot, numb), causing distress (throb, penetrate, shoot), and influencing on ADL (throb, penetrate, nag). The most frequently experienced sensation other than BSAS was itching. There was little difference in the prevalence of symptom experiences between sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection. Conclusion: The women after BCS are suffering from neuropathic sensations. The Korean- translated BSAS could be used in effectively assessing breast sensations after BCS in Korean women.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2017

Background: Self-reported low back pain (LBP) has been evaluated in relation to material handling lifting tasks, but little research has focused on relating quantifiable stressors to LBP at the individual level. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Composite Lifting Index (CLI) has been used to quantify stressors for lifting tasks. A chemical exposure can be readily used as an exposure metric or stressor for chemical risk assessment (RA). Defining and quantifying lifting nonchemical stressors and related adverse responses is more difficult. Stressor-response models appropriate for CLI and LBP associations do not easily fit in common chemical RA modeling techniques (e.g., Benchmark Dose methods), so different approaches were tried. Methods: This work used prospective data from 138 manufacturing workers to consider the linkage of the occupational stressor of material lifting to LBP. The final model used a Bayesian random threshold approach to estimate the probability of an increase in LBP as a threshold step function. Results: Using maximal and mean CLI values, a significant increase in the probability of LBP for values above 1.5 was found. Conclusion: A risk of LBP associated with CLI values > 1.5 existed in this worker population. The relevance for other populations requires further study.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1999

This survey was designed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of physicians and nurses toward cancer pain management in South Korea and to compare physicians' knowledge and attitudes with nurses' Ninety-nine physicians and 152 nurses working at four major institutions in South Korea were included for the study. With the 30 items of the knowledge with true and false answers about cancer pain such as pain assessment(6 items), pharmacokinetics of opioids(8 items), analgesics classification(11 items), and drug administration(5 items), total score of knowledge answered by physicians was 21.40, which was not significantly higher than 20.87 answered by nurses. Rates of the correct answer were more than 70% in both physicians and nurses. Physicians were more knowledgeable in pharmacokinetics and analgesics classification than nurses, while nurses higher only in pain assessment than physicians. Since physicians and nurses could not effectively manage the cancer pain because of inappropriate knowledge, it is important to provide intensive education to physicians and nurses about cancer pain management.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.279-285
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of joint mobilization and kinesio taping on pain, range of motion and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Thirty subjects were selected and divided into three groups: group 1 was treated with joint mobilization, group 2 was treated with kinesio taping and group 3 was treated with joint mobilization and kinesio taping. Joint mobilization was performed for 20 minutes three times a week for a period of 4 weeks, after which tape was applied for the same period of time and it was not exceeded 24 hours. Pain, range of motion and knee function were then assessed to identify the effectiveness. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment, while active and passive range of motion (AROM, PROM) were assessed using smart phones application, and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) was used to assess knee function. Results: After intervention, the joint mobilization group and kinesio taping group showed significant improvements in VAS, AROM, PROM and KOOS (Symptom, Pain, ADL, QOL), whereas no significant difference was found in sport/recreation. The joint mobilization with kinesio taping group showed significant improvements in all items, and a significant increase was found in AROM and PROM compared to the other two groups. Conclusion: We found that joint mobilization and kinesio taping effectively improved pain, range of motion and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis, but that application of joint mobilization with kinesio taping was most effective.