• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.48-72
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to comprehend the syndrome differentiations of dysmenorrhea and find out their clinical symptoms, tongue images and pulse patterns by analyzing previous studies. Methods: The following researches were collected by searching the medical journals published from November, 2007 to October, 2017, from KISS, OASIS, CNKI. : researches on the syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, researches on the criteria of diagnosis of syndrome differentiation of dysmenorrhea, randomized controlled trials (RCT) used syndrome differentiation for treating dysmenorrhea. Results: By investigating the frequency of syndrome differentiations used in RCT studies, the frequent ones were chosen. They were qi stagnation and blood stasis (氣滯血瘀), qi-blood deficiency (氣血虛弱), congealing cold with blood stasis (寒凝血瘀), liver-kidney depletion (肝腎虧損), blood stasis with dampness-heat (濕熱瘀阻). Conclusion: 4 syndrome differentiations were frequently used in RCT studies. And the frequency of clinical symptoms on each syndrome differentiations from each RCT study was analyzed and compared. Clinical symptoms chosen as chief symptoms in more than one reference, appeared in more than half of the references, most frequent tongue images and pulse conditions were organized. The most frequent clinical symptoms included the period and pattern of pain, the accompanying symptoms of whole-body and the pattern of menstrual bleeding.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2016

In order to analyze the pathomechanisms of dysmenorrhea and efficiency of DSOM(diagnosis system of oriental medicine), clinical test was performed for 541 childbearing women having menstrual pain in P metropolitan city. The experimental group was composed of subjects who experience discomfort in daily life or interpersonal activities caused by menstrual pain with scores of 4 or above on the measurement of menstrual pain (MMP). The control group was composed of subjects reporting little or no discomfort with scores of 3 or below on the MMP. The menstrual period measurements were taken within 2-3 days following the first day of menstruation, when menstrual pain is at its peak. While non-menstrual period measurement were within 7-10 days after the last day of menstruation. The dampness pathomechanism was yielded most frequently in both groups, and then heart、heat、blood deficiency、cold、qi deficiency、phlegm、qi congestion、blood stasis in order. And the significant differences were in the pathomechanisms of blood deficiency、blood stasis、qi congestion、five viscera、phlegm and cold between the two groups. This means that general pathomechanisms of childbearing women in twenties mainly are dampness and heat, especially the experimental group has mostly disharmony of six qi and/but then move to insufficiency and stagnation of qi and blood and then to visceral disease pattern having statistically significant difference. Moreover in the two times of investigation, the output of pathomechanisms in each group has similar pattern in the same group. Therefore it can be concluded that the results of pathomechanisms by DSOM were in accordance with existing pattern classifications of dysmenorrhea in general and the DSOM showed reproducibility and stability in the data processing of questionnaires.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moxibustion heat therapy(Koryo hand acupuncture) on menstrual cramps. dysmenorrhea and ADL. The experiment was carried out during the period from March 24 to April 30, 2003. The subjects in the study were drawn from female students attending two colleges in Chungcheongbuk-do and Kyunggi-do. Of all those subjects. 19 and 14 subjects were assigned to the experimental and the control groups respectively. The moxibustion heat therapy were performed three times a week, subjects were treated twice a time. Data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN10.0 by $x^2$test. Wilcoxon sign rank. and Wilcoxon rank sum test. The result of this study were as follows : 1) After moxibustion heat therapy. the graphic rating score of menstrual cramps was decreased significantly from 7.79(SD=1.22) to 4.47(SD=2.25) in experimental group(z=-3.731. p=.000). And there was significant difference in the change of graphic rating score of menstrual cramps between both groups(z=-3.637. p=.000). 2) After moxibustion heat therapy. the score of face rating scale of menstrual cramps was decreased significantly from 3.95(SD=0.71) to 2.32(SD=1.00) in experimental group(z=-3.457. p=.000). And there was significant difference in the change of face rating score between both groups(z=-2.713. p=.007). 3) After moxibustion heat therapy. the score of adjective labor pain rating scale rank (ALPRS) of menstrual cramps was decreased significantly from 23.63(SD=4.19) to 17.27(SD=6.34) in experimental group(z=-2.941. p=.001). But there was no significant difference in the change of adjective labor pain rating score(ALPRS) of menstrual cramps between both groups(z=-1.918. p=.059). 4) After moxibustion heat therapy. the score of dysmenorrhea was decreased significantly from 7.0(SD=2.89) to 5.26(SD=3.54) in experimental group(z=-2.183. p=.029). But there was no significant difference in the change of the score of dysmenorrhea between both groups(z =-1.555. p=.125). 5) After moxibustion heat therapy, the score of ADL difficulty was decreased significantly from 33.26(SD=4.58) to 28.83(SD=9.44) in experimental group(z=-3.552. p=.000). And there was significant difference in the change of score of difficulty of ADL between both groups(z=-4.110. p=.000). The above finding indicated that the moxibustion heat therapy showed a practical effect on reducing menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea and ADL difficulty in female. Accordingly. we can adopt the moxibustion heat therapy as a useful intervention in the community nursing.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2017

Objectives: This study is aimed to figure out Korean medicine doctors' recognition of Korean Medicine clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and clinical fields of treating primary dysmenorrhea before developing CPG for dysmenorrhea. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting 515 Korean medicine doctors belonging to the Association of Korean Medicine by e-mail and analyzed the answers. Results: 81.2% of the respondents knew the concepts and contents of CPG, and 98.7% agreed about the necessity of CPG. 94.2% were willing to use CPG for dysmenorrhea in learning and treating. Average number of patients visiting the respondents' clinics for dysmenorrhea was 3.9, the main age group was 20s (63.1%), and the treatments the patients given before were mostly Western treatments such as pain killers and hormonal drugs. The respondents answered that they diagnosed patients with dysmenorrhea mainly with pattern diagnosis (41.6%), and treated them with herbal medicine (39.2%), acupuncture (31.6%) and moxibustion (22.6%) for 2-3 months. They answered that the acupoint they use most was San yin jiao, and the prescription was Gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan, They answered that the field considered to need further study was decoction of herbal medicine most (27.4%), and the field considered to need insurance coverage was also decoction of herbal medicine most (40.2%). Conclusions: We figured out Korean Medicine doctors' recognition of CPG, clinical diagnosis, treatment, cost for treating dysmenorrhea, and fields of clinical research and policy they required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2021

Purpose: Menstruation is associated with menstrual symptoms like pain and balance problems which have an impact on the quality of life. Pilates increases pelvic stability and reduces menstrual pain by inducing abdominal muscle contraction. This study was done to evaluate the effects of Pilates on menstrual pain, symptoms, balance, and quality of life when compared to aerobic exercise. Methods: Thirty-nine women with menstrual pain were randomly divided into the Pilates group (n=13), aerobics group (n=13), and control group (n=13). The Pilates group performed lumbar-pelvic stabilization exercises, while the aerobic group ran on a treadmill. The control group did not undergo any intervention. The experimental groups exercised for four weeks (12 sessions) and did not exercise during menstruation. The Y-balance test was performed on the second day of menstruation to evaluate dynamic balance. The questionnaires administered immediately after menstruation were the visual analog scale (VAS), Korea Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). The paired t-test was used to compare the effect of exercise within the three groups and a oneway analysis of variance was used to compare between groups. Results: VAS and MEDI-Q scores significantly decreased in the Pilates group after 4 weeks compared with those in the aerobic and control groups. Moreover, ODI and Y-balance scores increased in the Pilates group compared with those in the aerobic and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Pilates stabilization exercises are effective and help in improving menstrual pain, balance and other menstrual symptoms assessed through ODI, and MEDI-Q, compared to aerobic exercises.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.134-148
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• 1995

월경통(月經痛)은 부인과(婦人科) 질환중(疾患中) 가장 흔한 질환(疾患) 중의 하나로서 대부분의 여성(女性)들은 월경(月經)의 시작(始作)과 함께 그 정도(程度)가 경미(輕微)한 어느 정도(程度)의 복부불쾌감(腹部不快感)이나 피로감(疲勞感)등을 느끼지만 일상생활(日常生活)에 별다른 지장(支障)을 초래(招來)하지않을 뿐 아니라 월경직전(月經直前)에만 나타났다가 월경(月經)이 시작(始作)되면 정상(正常)으로 회복(回復)되므로 특별(特別)한 치료(治療)를 요(要)하지 않는다. 다만 그 정도가 심(甚)하여 강도(强度)가 높은 동통(疼痛)을 수반(隋伴)하거나, 혹(或)은 장기화(長期化)하여 심신(心身)에 장애(障碍)를 초래(招來)하게 되는 경우 이것을 월경통(月經痛)이라하니 치료(治療)를 하지 않으면 안된다. 월경통(月經痛)의 원인(原因)은 다양(多樣)하지만 병기(病機)는 모두 기혈(氣血), 허실한열(虛實寒熱), 경전(經前), 경후(經後)를 막론(莫論)하고 통(通)하지 않으므로 통(痛)하게 된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 월경통(月經痛)의 치료원칙(治療原則)은 통(通)하게하여 불통(不痛)케하는 것이니, 활혈통락(活血通絡)하고 충임맥(衝任脈)과 기혈(氣血)의 조리(調理)를 위주(爲主)로 하여 온경지통(溫經止痛)하고 통창기혈(通暢氣血)한다. 월경통(月經痛)의 치료법(治療法)은 월경(月經)의 변화시기(變化時期)에 따라 치료법칙(治療法則)에 차이(差異)가 있으나 그 중에서 월경중(月經中)에 치료하는 것이 가장 치료효과(治療效果)가 우수하다고 한다. 이에 월경중(月經中)에 한약(韓藥)의 내복치료(內服治療)와 함께 병용(竝用)하여 사용할 수 있는 치료법(治療法)중 경락(經絡)에 약물(藥物)을 붙이므로서 약물(藥物)의 효능(效能)이 직접 경락혈위(經絡穴位)의 피부(皮膚)를 통하여 흡수(吸收)되어 종합적(綜合的)으로 효과(效果)를 발휘(發揮)하므로 치료효과(治療效果)가 신속(迅速)하며 통증(痛症)이나 부작용(副作用)도 없고 경제적(經濟的)인 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)을 월경통(月經痛)에 이용한 자료를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)은 주(主)로 기체혈어(氣滯血瘀)와 한습응체(寒濕凝滯)한 실증(實症)의 월경통(月經痛)과 원발성월경통(原發性月經痛)인 경우(境遇)에 많이 응용(應用)되었다. 2. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)에 있어서 치료혈위(治療穴位)는 신궐혈(神闕穴), 즉 제부위(臍部位)의 복부임맥혈(腹部任脈穴)들을 주로 선혈(選穴)하고 있다. 3. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)의 치료약물(治療藥物)은 주(主)로 활혈거어(活血祛瘀)하고 온경통락지통(溫經通絡止痛)하는 약물(藥物)들로서 내치법(內治法)의 약물(藥物)과 동일(同一)하였다. 4. 월경통(月經痛)에 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)으로 치료(治療)한 시기(時期)는 월경(月經) 3일전(前)부터 월경중(月經中), 또는 월경후(月經後)까지의 기간(期間)으로 주(主)로 월경전후기(月經前後期)에 집중(集中)되어 있다. 5. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)의 치료효과(治療效果)는 우수(優秀)한 것으로 나타났으며, 주(主)로 기혈허약(氣血虛弱)이나 간신휴손(肝腎虧損)의 허증(虛症)보다는 기체혈어(氣滯血瘀)와 한습응체(寒濕凝滯)의 실증(實症)인 경우(境遇)에 더 치료효과(治療效果)가 우수(優秀)하였다. 6. 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)은 외치법(外治法)의 하나로서 간편하고 경제적(經濟的)이며 통증(痛症)과 부작용(副作用)이 없는 등(等)의 장점(長點)이 있다. 7. 이상(以上)으로 월경통(月經痛)의 혈위첩부요법(穴位貼敷療法)은 행경기(行經期)에 급치(急治)하고 표치(標治)하는 치법(治法)으로 활용(活用)할 수 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the lumbo-pelvic stabilization exercise on relief of menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome of the female university students. Methods : Thirty female students with dysmenorrhea were participated in this study. Subjects divided into experimental group(n=15) and control group(n=15). Experimental group were given lumbo-pelvic stabilization exercise and control group didn't have any application to exercise. Menstrual pain measured by VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and premenstrual syndrome measured by MDQ(Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire) scale. Results : The experimental group were significantly improved menstrual pain and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, but negligible changes were found in the control group. Conclusion : This study show that lumbo-pelvic stabilization exercise is beneficial intervention for decrease menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2005

본 연구는 백개자 피내침(皮內鍼)이 여대생의 윌경곤란증에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 한의학의 경락학설(經絡學說)을 기반으로 한 단일군 전 후 실험설계(one-group pretest-posttest design)를 이용하였다. 자료수집기간은 2004년 1월부터 5월까지 이었으며, 대상자는 B시에 있는 D대학의 보건진료소에 월경곤란증으로 진통제 복용을 위해 방문하는 여대생 중 진통제를 복용하지 않고 본 연구에 참여하기로 동의하고, 현재 전신적 질환 이 없고 산부인과나 한의원 진료를 받지 않으며 피임약을 복용하지 않고 임신이 아닌 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 월경곤란증에 백개자 피내침으로 류치(留置)한 결과 실험 전 총 평균 $2.11{\pm}0.66$에서 실험 후 총 평균 $0.85{\pm}0.57$로 월경곤란증이 감소된 것으로 나타났다(t=12.777, p=0.000). 2. 백개자 자극과 진통제의 효과 비교에서 백개자 자극이 진통제보다 '진통효과 나타난 시간'은 빠르다가 78%, '진통효과'는 좋다가 84%, '진통효과의 지속시간'은 길다가 82%, '월경 불편감'은 덜하다가 86%로 나타났다. 3. 생리특성에 따른 월경곤란증의 차이는 초경시기에서 초등학교 군의 평균은 $1.90{\pm}0.62$, 중학교군의 평균은 $2.32{\pm}0.65$로 중학교 때 초경을 시작한 군에서 월경곤란증이 높게 나타났으며(t=-2.305, p=0.026), 월경곤란증의 형태에 따른 차이는 원발성의 평균은 $1.96{\pm}0.67$, 속 발성의 평균은 $2.60{\pm}0.33$으로 속발성 군에서 월경곤란증이 높은 것으로 나타났다(t=-3.149, P=0.003). 그 외 월경주기, 월경기간, 가족력 등은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 삼음교, 음릉천, 신수혈의 백개자 피내침(皮內鍼)이 여대생의 월경곤란증을 효과적으로 감소시킴을 알 수 있고 시간과 비용 그리고 노력면에서 아주 효율적인 방법임이 확인 되었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effectiveness of Traditional Korean Treatment on infertility patients with endometriosis. Methods: The patient in this case was 32 years-old female. The chief complains were lower abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility with endometriosis. She was treated by Traditional Korean Medicine, acupuncture and retention enema therapy. So the symptom of she complained was improved. Results: After the retetion enema therapy and Traditional Korean Medicine, the lower abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea of endometriosis was improved. And she was pregnant and delivered. Conclusion: This case study shows that the retetion enema and Traditional korean therapy were effective in treating endometriosis and fertility. So we make more studis about this disease, it will bring the high satisfaction of patient and the improvement of treatment rate.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

이 연구는 여고생들의 방과 후 프로그램으로서 아로마테라피 시술을 통해 생리통에 대한 인식을 알아본 것이다. 방과 후 프로그램의 진행과정은 10주 동안 주 1회 2시간 동안 진행되었으며, 그 중 아로마테라피 시술은 신체 부위별로 1시간씩 진행되었다. 그 후 참가자들은 실험군으로 하고, 대조군으로서 아로마테라피를 실시하지 않은 여고생 집단의 사전-사후 인식을 알아보는 실험연구로 이루어졌다. 이 연구의 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 아로마테라피는 여고생들의 생리통 완화에 직접적인 도움을 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아로마테라피는 여고생들의 생리통에서 정신적 변화에 도움을 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아로마테라피는 여고생들의 생리통에 대한 신체적 변화에 도움을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이렇게 볼 때, 아로마테라피는 여고생들의 생리통 완화에 충분히 도움이 되는 프로그램이라고 할 수 있으며, 생리통이 심한 학생들에게는 충분히 권장할 수 있는 프로그램이라고 판단할 수 있다.