• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-114
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• 2000

Pain around the posterior iliac crest area is usually attributed to disorders of the lower lumbar or lumbosacral spine. However, low back pain arising from the thoracolumbar region is common and it is very similar to low back pain of lumbosacral origin. Low back pain of thoracolumbar origin is clinically distinguished from other nonspecific low back pain syndrome. It is characterized by symptoms localized at one posterior iliac crest innervated by posterior branch of $T_{12}$ spinal nerve. Patients never complain of spontaneous pain at the thoracolumbar junction. Only localized tenderness over involved segments of thoracolumbar junction can be noted. We report two cases of posterior iliac crest pain of thoracolumbar origin which was relieved by the treatment on the thoracolumbar junction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 2002

The purpose of this study were to measured peak torque of lumbar extensor at various degrees and to compare with the choronic low back pain patients and healthy subjects back extensor peak torque. Research subject are fifty choronic low back pain patients and fifty healthy subjects are Dong-a university hospital visited to 2000, January since 1999, august none lumbosacral traumal past history and neurologic disorder that is twenty generation, thirty generation, forty generation, fifty generation, sixty generation in healthy subjects and twenty generation, thirty generation, forty generation, fifty generation, sixty generation in cause choronic low back pain patients. The result were as follows. 1. There were each generation choronic low back pain patients and healthy subjects back extensor peak torque are consideration (p<.05). 2. Twenty generation was all degree of angle in lumbar extention peak torque in choronic low back pain patients back extensor are lower than healthy subjects(p<.05). 3. Thirty generation was all degree of angle in lumbar extention peak torque in choronic low back pain patients back extensor are lower than healthy subjects(p<.05). 4. Forty generation was all degree of angle in lumbar extention peak torque in choronic low back pain patients back extensor are lower than healthy subjects(p<;.05). 5. Fifty generation was all degree of angle in lumbar extention peak torque in choronic low back pain patients back extensor are lower than healthy subjects(p<.05). 6. Sixty generation was all degree of angle in lumbar extention peak torque in choronic low back pain patients back extensor are lower than healthy subjects(p<.05).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 1995

Low back pain(LBP) is one of the most common ailment. There were two type of LBP in the clinic. One of them is low back pain with leg pain, the other one is low back pain without leg pain. Author explain the reasons, characters. mechanism, diagnosis, and reported 156 cases of LBP. There are various method to treatment of low back pain in recent. The first selection for treatment of LBP were intervertebral block added "+" type block(IVP "+" TB). according to author's experience, the rate of Excellent and good were account for 96.2%. Other method of LBPO therapy were also used in Pain clinic, such as psoas compartment block, caudal block, epidural steroid block, zygapophysial joint block, nerve root block, subarachnoid neural block, Lumbar sympathetic block, etc. Finally, author introduced Pain clinic in China. divided to three titles: (1) history, (2) CASP and scientific activity, (3) pain therapy in China.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to contribute to developing new pattern identification based on searches regarding pattern identification of low back pain, which is used in thesis both in Korea and China. Methods : First of all, we searched thesis concerning pattern identification of low back pain from RISS, OASIS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, CNKI. Results : 1. There were overall 34 thesis, consist of 18 Korean thesis(13 clinical papers and 5 analytical papers) and 9 Chinese thesis(7 clinical papers and 9 analytical papers). 2. 10 of 11 Korean thesis used more than 9 patterns for pattern identification, 9 of 14 Chinese thesis used less than 4 patterns for pattern identification of low back pain. 3. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in Korea, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 痰飮腰痛(Phlegm-fluid retention low back pain), 風腰痛(Wind low back pain), 食積腰痛(Food accumulation low back pain), 濕腰痛(Dampness low back pain), 挫閃腰痛(Sprain low back pain), 瘀血腰痛(Static blood low back pain), 氣腰痛(Qi low back pain). 4. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in China, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 氣滯血瘀腰痛(Blood stasis due to qi stagnation low back pain). Conclusions : Based on these results, it is considered that an advanced type of pattern identification of low back pain should be made or existing type needs to be practically and objectively improved.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

Psychsocial factors appear to play an important role in the maintenance and development of chronic disability from low back pain. Fear of pain may be more disabling than the pain itself in patients with nonacute low back pain. The purpose of this study was to identify the contribution of gender, age, depression and pain-related fear to pain intensity and disability in nonacute low back pain patients. This was a cross-sectional survey study of eighty four patients who had low back pain for at least 4 weeks. More than moderate correlations were found between pain intensity, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs and depression. Regression analyses revealed that disability ratings and fear-avoidance beliefs for work activities significantly contributed to the prediction of pain intensity, even when controlling for age, gender and pain duration. Also, fear-avoidance beliefs for physical activity, pain intensity, age and depression, significantly contributed to the prediction of disability, even when controlling for gender and pain duration. These findings suggest that disability scores and fear-avoidance beliefs for work activities are important determinants of pain intensity. They also suggest that fear-avoidance beliefs for physical activity, pain intensity, age and depression are important determinants of disability.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2006

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used since 1967 for refractory chronic pain. SCS has recently undergone a variety of technical modifications and advances, and it has been applied in a variety of pain conditions. SCS has been most commonly applied for those patients with chronic back and leg pain and failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The clinical hallmark of FBSS is chronic postoperative pain. The pain pattern varies and the pain may show an axial or radicular distribution. Chronic intractable pain after FBSS is difficult to treat. This report describes our experience with treating chronic pain in two patients who suffered from FBSS with a spinal cord stimulator. A permanent spinal cord stimulator was implanted after a successful trial of stimulation with temporarily implanted electrodes. After 5 months of follow-up, the two patients had satisfactory improvement of their pain.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of balance taping procedures on lower back pain. Method: This study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental study. From May in 2004 to July in 2004, the research was done for females who have lower back pain in Gyeonggi province. Experimental group was 37, and control group was 36. The degree of lower back pain and that of the pain on activity of daily living(ADL) were each measured two times. Result: In the experimental group, the lower back pain score before taping was 6.38, that of 1 hour after the taping applied was 3.27. The lower back pain score of experimental group was significant statistically decreased and that of control group was almost not changed. Moreover, the pain score on ADL was statistically decreased in experimental group. Therefore balance taping is effective to reduce lower back pain and to improve ability of ADL. Conclusion: This study supports that balance taping may benefit individuals with lower back pain and balance taping therapy can be used as an independent nursing intervention. However, a larger study is in need to provide definite evidence and to determine long-term effects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2010

Background: Chronic low back pain can be a manifestation of lumbar degenerative disease, herniation of intervertebral discs, arthritis, or lumbar stenosis. When nerve roots are compromised, low back pain, with or without lower extremity involvement, may occur. Local inflammatory processes play an important role in patients with acute lumbosciatic pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) measurements in patients with chronic low back pain or radiculopathy. Methods: ESR and hsCRP were measured in 273 blood samples from male and female subjects with low back pain and/or radiculopathy due to herniated lumbar disc, spinal stenosis, facet syndrome, and other diseases. The hsCRP and ESR were measured prior to lumbar epidural steroid injection. Results: The mean ESR was 18.8 mm/h and mean hsCRP was 1.1 mg/L. ESR had a correlation with age. Conclusions: A significant systemic inflammatory reaction did not appear to arise in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the relation between functional limitation, functional disability and back pain during pregnancy. Data was collected by interview or self-report from 66 pregnant women between the gestational ages of 17 and 22 weeks who had experienced back pain from February 17 through July 28, 2001. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The prevalent mean week of back pain starting during pregnancy was 12.8. The mean pain intensity scores on the VAS during the past week and now were 5.6 and 3.7. The mean score on the functional limitations was 38.9. The mean score on the functional disability was 19.7. 2. The pain intensity on the past week was correlated with the pain intensity now (r=.339, p<0.01) and the functional limitations (r=.251, p<0.05). The pain intensity now was correlated with the functional limitations (r=.295, p<0.05) and the functional disability (r=.429, p<0.01). The functional limitations was correlated with the functional disability (r=.229, p<0.01). The higher pain intensity was the more functional limitation and functional disability occurred. 3. There was a statistically significant correlation between the pain intensity now and the type of housing (t=-2.051, p=.045), and back pain history before pregnancy (t=-2.429 p=.003). 4. There was a statistically significant correlation between the functional limitation and income (F=2.803, p=.047) and back pain history before pregnancy (t=-3.225, p=.002). There was a statistically significant correlation between the functional disability and back pain history before pregnancy (t=-3.058 p=.003). In conclusion, we found that a history of back pain was an important factor when predicting back pain and functional disability and limitation during pregnancy. The nurse and the prenatal educator should detect risk factors of back pain early in pregnancy and manage continuously though pregnancy.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2017

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify degrees of low back pain, knowledge of and educational needs for low back pain of patients with chronic low back pain and to investigate their relationships. Methods: Data were collected from questionnaires distributed to 83 patients with chronic low back pain at a hospital. Results: The low back pain score was $4.70{\pm}2.22$ out of 10. The degree of low back pain was a statistically significant difference according to gender, smoking, radiating pain and frequency and duration, daily life disturbance degree, sleep disturbance and depression. The knowledge score was 8.29 out of 13. The knowledge was a statistically significant difference according to smoking and degree of sleep disturbance. The educational needs score was 39.83 out of 50. The educational needs was a statistically significant difference according to age, duration of disease, radiating pain, standing time, depression, pain treatment experience, and treatment institutions. As the low back pain increased, the educational needs increased (r=.254, p=.021). There were no correlations between low back pain and knowledge (r=-.040, p=.720) and knowledge and educational needs (r=.061, p=.581). Conclusion: It is important to focus on items with statistically significant differences in pain, knowledge, and educational needs, and to select low knowledge and high educational needs items to develop a systematic education plan.