• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

This paper deals with the pre-marshalling problem that the containers of container yard at container terminal are relocated in consensus sequence of loading schedule of container vessel. This problem is essential to improvement of competitive power of terminal. This problem has to relocate the all of containers in a bay with minimum number of movement. There are various algorithms such as metaheuristic as genetic algorithm and heuristic algorithm in order to find the solution of this problem. Nevertheless, there is no unique general algorithm that is suitable for various many data. And the main drawback of metaheuristic methods are not the solution finding rule but can be find the approximated solution with many random trials and by coincidence. This paper can be obtain the solution with O(m) time complexity that this problem deals with bin packing problem for m stack bins with descending order of take out ranking. For various experimental data, the proposed algorithm can be obtain the optimal solutions for all of data. And to conclude, this algorithm can be show that most simple and general algorithm with simple optimal solution finding rule.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1004-1014
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• 2001

The fully automatic algorithm from initial finite element mesh generation to remeshing in two dimensional geometry is introduced using bubble packing method (BPM) for finite element analysis. BPM determines the node placement by force-balancing configuration of bubbles and the triangular meshes are made by Delaunay triangulation with advancing front concept. In BPM, we suggest two node-search algorithms and the adaptive/recursive bubble controls to search the optimal nodal position. To use the automatically generated mesh information in FEA, the new enhanced bandwidth minimization scheme with high efficiency in CPU time is developed. In the remeshing stage, the mesh refinement is incorporated by the control of bubble size using two parameters. And Superconvergent Patch Recovery (SPR) technique is used for error estimation. To verify the capability of this algorithm, we consider two elasticity problems, one is the bending problem of short cantilever beam and the tension problem of infinite plate with hole. The numerical results indicate that the algorithm by BPM is able to refine the mesh based on a posteriori error and control the mesh size easily by two parameters.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권6_3호
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• pp.1215-1221
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• 2023

According to the study and experiments performed on the Improvement of Maintaining Temperature of Aviation Dangerous Goods, a conclusion was drawn that clear technical guidelines should be established from the design and assembly stage of temperature-controlled packaging, taking into account actual transportation environment. In particular, profiles consisting of only two types of summer and winter are difficult to adjust flexibly in transportation process with severe weather and temperature changes such as spring and fall. To this end, there is a need to establish a compromise profile configuration for summer and winter. It was also found that the condition of the refrigerant, temperature control, and the speed of the packaging operation have a significant impact on maintaining constant temperature. Therefore, all packing operations need to be completed within a short period of time in the environment close to the target temperature. The current packing instructions provided by packaging manufacturers do not provide precise instructions on post-conditioning, but the experiments in this study confirmed that post-conditioning is very important for maintaining the target temperature, so it is necessary to provide precise legal packing technical instructions.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

This study compared and analyzed the importance-satisfaction regarding the selection attributes of the convenience store focusing on PB lunch box for consumers of 20s and 30s. According to the research results, the importance of factors such as easy purchase, time reduction, convenient intake were found to be high among the selection attributes of the convenience store PB lunchbox and those of factors such as confirmation of food ingredients, nutrition, and new taste were found to be relatively low. In addition, factors with high satisfaction included easy purchase, convenient intake, time reduction, while factors with low satisfaction were confirmation of food ingredients, nutrition and hygiene. The results of the IPA analysis were as follows: The $1^{st}$ quadrant (Keep up the good work) included convenience, time reduction, easy purchase, convenient intake, convenient cooking method, and convenient packing container Etc. $2^{nd}$ quadrant (possible overkill) includes origin labeling and the 3rd quadrant (low priority) includes packing container design, convenient storage, consistency of quality and taste, good taste, moderate amount, new taste, one meal, moderate quantity and quality, inexpensive intake, and hygiene Etc. $4^{th}$ quadrant was found to include no corresponding factors.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제16B권5호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2009

2차원 저장소 적재는 NP-hard 문제로서 그 문제의 정확한 해를 구하는 것이 어려운 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이의 더 좋은 해를 얻기 위해 유전자(genetic) 알고리즘, 시뮬레이티드 어닐링(simulated annealing), 타부서치(tabu search)등과 같은 근사적 접근법이 제안되어 왔다. 하지만 분지한계(branch-and-bound)나 타부서치 기법들을 이용한 기존의 대표적인 근사 알고리즘들은 휴리스틱 알고리즘의 해에 기반을 둠으로 효율성이 낮고 반복수행에 의한 계산시간이 길다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 근사 알고리즘의 복잡성을 간소화하고, 알고리즘의 효율성을 높이기 위해 적재가능성을 판단하는 적합성 함수(fitness function)를 정의하고 이를 이용하여 어떤 특정 개체의 적재영역을 판단하는데 영향을 주는 적재영역의 수를 계산한다. 또한, 이들을 이용한 새로운 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 끝으로 기존의 휴리스틱 또는 메타휴리스틱 기법과의 비교실험을 통해 기존의 휴리스틱 알고리즘인 FFF와 FBS에 비해 97%의 결과가 같거나 우수하였으며, 타부서치 알고리즘에 비해 86%의 결과가 같거나 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.81-112
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• 2007

In the competitive global market, firms have to keep profit from innovation activities. A firm makes profits by offering products or services at a lower cost than its competitors or by offering differentiated products at premium prices that more than compensate for the extra cost of differentiation. The IC Package and Testing technology industries were the first high technological industry to build in Taiwan. The Package and Testing industries in Taiwan adopted competitive innovation activities to become stronger. In our study, we want to know how innovation activities influence a firm operating in the IC Package and Testing industries. Our study used a questionnaire and Likert five-point scale to survey the innovation activities, customer and feedback in innovation performance in the IC Package and Testing industry. The wafer level chip size packing technology in our study indicates the innovation activities. Because we need to compare the difference between the wafer level chip size packing technology and wire bonding technology to recognize innovation and how the innovator and customer were influenced. Our conclusions are described below: (1) When the innovator adopts innovation activities that can be maintained using experiments and knowledge, using machine and decision variables more quickly will produce success; (2) Innovators should adopt innovation activities that focus on customers that use knowledge and experimentation, training time and cost. If an innovation forces customers to spend much time and cost to learn new technology or applications, the innovation will not be adopted; (3) Innovators that create innovation performance higher than his customers must also consider the impact upon their customers. We have to remind innovator to focus on why their customers have a different level of evolution in the same innovation activities.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.289-301
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• 1998

The present study attempted to numerically simulate the process in detail by developing an appropriate physical modeling and the corresponding numerical analysis for precision injection and injection/compression molding process of center-gated disk. In part I, a physical modeling and associated numerical analysis of injection molding with a compressible viscoelastic fluid model are presented. In the distribution of birefringence, the packing procedure results in the inner peaks in addition to the outer peaks near the mold surface, and values of the inner peaks increase with the packing time. Also, values of the density in the core region increase with the packing time. From the numerical results, we also found that birefringence becomes smaller as the melt temperature gets higher and that it is insignificantly affected by the flow rate and the mold temperature. As far as the density distribution is concerned, mold temperature affected the distribution of density especially near the wall. But it was not significantly affected by flow rate and melt temperature. Numerical results of birefringence coincided with experimental data qualitatively but didn't quantitatively.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37C권11호
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• pp.1045-1053
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• 2012

Link-16은 가장 널리 사용 중인 전술데이터링크로써 TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)를 기반으로 동작한다. Link-16은 안정적이지만 전송 속도가 매우 낮아 전술 메시지, 음성 등 작은 사이즈의 데이터 전송을 지원한다. 그러나 최근 효과중심작전(EBO: Effect-Based Operation)에 대한 관심이 증가하면서, Link-16을 통해 이미지와 같은 상황 인식 정보를 전송하려는 동향이 있다. 이미지는 기존 메시지에 비해 크기가 매우 크기 때문에 Link-16의 Static TDMA가 아닌 별도의 TDMA 스케줄링이 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Link-16의 MAC을 진화시킨 Link-16K를 제안하였다. Link-16K는 Link-16과 호환성을 유지한다. 그리고 이미지 전송을 효과적으로 지원하기 위해 DTDMA(Dynamic TDMA), 새로운 재전송 방법, 새로운 패킹 방법을 포함한다. 제안하는 아이디어의 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 이미지 전송 시간이 단축되었고, 채널 효율성이 높아졌음을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2009

최근 각광받고 있는 차량 내부 네트워크(In-Vehicle Network)의 일종인 CANopen 프로토콜은 다양한 벤더의 하드웨어 특성에 의존적인 CAN(Controller Area Network) 기반 응용 프로그램 개발의 문제점을 해결하고자 제안되었으며, 프로파일링(Profiling) 개념을 사용하여 CAN과 이의 응용 계층인 CAL(CAN Application Layer)에서 동작하는 모든 하드웨어 장치를 지원함에 따라 CAN 기반 응용 시스템의 개발 기간의 단축이 가능하다. 메시지 처리 성능(예: 최악 응답 시간)을 높이기 위해서는 CANopen 네트워크 이용률(Utilization)을 감소시킬 필요성이 있으며, 이를 위해 가능한 많은 메시지를 패킹(Packing)하여 전송함으로써, 메시지 전송 시 발생하는 메시지 프레임의 오버 헤드를 줄이는 것이 바람직하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 CAN의 응용 계층에서 동작하는 CANopen의 OB(Object Dictionary) 및 PDO(Process Data Object) 통신 서비스를 이용하는 PDO 패킹 메커니즘을 제안하였다. SAE(The Society of Automotive Engineers)에서 제공하는 벤치마크(Benchmark) 자료를 이용하여, 본 논문에서 제안한 메커니즘의 성능을 평가하였으며, 선행 연구에 비해 CANopen 네트워크 이용률이 약 10% 가량 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.420-428
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• 2023

Objective: Intraprocedural rupture (IPR) is a fatal complication of endovascular coiling for cerebral aneurysms. We hypothesized that contrast leakage period may be related to poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the relationship between clinical outcomes and contrast leakage period. Methods: Data from patients with cerebral aneurysms treated via endovascular coiling between January 2010 and October 2018 were retrospectively assessed. The enrolled patient's demographic data, the aneurysm related findings, endovascular treatment and IPR related findings, rescue treatment, and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results: In total, 2,859 cerebral aneurysms were treated using endovascular coiling during the study period, with IPR occurring in 18 (0.63 %). IPR occurred during initial frame coiling (n=4), coil packing (n=5), stent deployment (n=7), ballooning (n=1), and microcatheter removal after coiling (n=1). Tear sites included the dome (n=14) and neck (n=4). All IPRs were controlled and treated with coil packing, with or without stenting. Flow arrest of the proximal balloon was not observed. Temporary focal neurological deficits developed in two patients (11.1%). At clinical follow-up, 14 patients were classified as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0, three as mRS 2, and one as mRS 4. The mean contrast leakage period of IPR was 11.2 min (range: 1-31 min). Cerebral aneurysms with IPR were divided into late (n=9, mean time: 17.11 min) and early (n=9, mean time: 5.22 min) control groups based on the criteria of 10 min of contrast leakage period. No significant between-group differences regarding clinical outcomes were observed after IPR (p=1). Conclusions: In our series, all patients with IPR were controlled with further coil packing or stenting without proximal balloon occlusion within 31 min of contrast leakage. There was no difference in clinical outcomes when the long contrast leakage period group and short contrast leakage period group were compared.