• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1317-1341
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• 2021

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is adopted to enable effective and smooth communication among different networks. In some specific application, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in IoT to gather peculiar data without the interaction of human. The WSNs are self-organizing in nature, so it mostly prefer multi-hop data forwarding. Thus to achieve better communication, a cross-layer routing strategy is preferred. In the cross-layer routing strategy, the routing processed through three layers such as transport, data link, and physical layer. Even though effective communication achieved via a cross-layer routing strategy, energy is another constraint in WSN assisted IoT. Cluster-based communication is one of the most used strategies for effectively preserving energy in WSN routing. This paper proposes a Bio-inspired cross-layer routing (BiHCLR) protocol to achieve effective and energy preserving routing in WSN assisted IoT. Initially, the deployed sensor nodes are arranged in the form of a grid as per the grid-based routing strategy. Then to enable energy preservation in BiHCLR, the fuzzy logic approach is executed to select the Cluster Head (CH) for every cell of the grid. Then a hybrid bio-inspired algorithm is used to select the routing path. The hybrid algorithm combines moth search and Salp Swarm optimization techniques. The performance of the proposed BiHCLR is evaluated based on the Quality of Service (QoS) analysis in terms of Packet loss, error bit rate, transmission delay, lifetime of network, buffer occupancy and throughput. Then these performances are validated based on comparison with conventional routing strategies like Fuzzy-rule-based Energy Efficient Clustering and Immune-Inspired Routing (FEEC-IIR), Neuro-Fuzzy- Emperor Penguin Optimization (NF-EPO), Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning-based Data Gathering (FRLDG) and Hierarchical Energy Efficient Data gathering (HEED). Ultimately the performance of the proposed BiHCLR outperforms all other conventional techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.91-96
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• 2009

In this paper, interoperability in heterogeneous wireless mesh network, and mesh nodes for providing efficient IP mobility technique offers multi-hop ARP. Heterogeneous wireless mesh networks to MANETs based on a wireless mesh network backbone and non-MANET architecture is based on a client wireless mesh network and the two mobile networks, combined with a hybrid wireless mesh network are separate. In two different hybrid wireless mesh network routing protocols used to connect the two protocols in the protocol conversion at the gateway to parallel processing problems seriously overload occurs. All of the network reliability and stability are factors that reduce. Therefore, for efficient integration with L3 routing protocols, design techniques to build ARP multi-hop go through the experiment to increase the number of mesh nodes, the packet forwarding rate and an increased hop number of the node was to ensure reliability and stability.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), vehicles sense information on emergency incidents (e.g., accidents, unexpected road conditions, etc.) and propagate this information to following vehicles and a server to share the information. However, this process of emergency message propagation is based on multiple broadcast messages and can lead to broadcast storms. To address this issue, in this work, we use a novel approach to detect the vehicles that are farthest away but within communication range of the transmitting vehicle. Specifically, we discuss a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-based linear back-off (SLB) scheme where vehicles implicitly detect their relative locations to the transmitter with respect to the SNR of the received packets. Once the relative locations are detected, nodes that are farther away will set a relatively shorter back-off to prioritize its forwarding process so that other vehicles can suppress their transmissions based on packet overhearing. We evaluate SLB using a realistic simulation environment which consists of a NS-3 VANET simulation environment, a software-based WiFi-IP gateway, and an ITS server operating on a separate machine. Comparisons with other broadcasting-based schemes indicate that SLB successfully propagates emergency messages with latencies and hop counts that is close to the experimental optimal while reducing the number of transmissions by as much as 1/20.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2007

The Access Grid (AG) provides collaboration environments over the IP multicast networks by enabling efficient exchange of multimedia contents among remote users; however, since lots of current networks are still multicast-disabled, it is not easy to deploy this multicast-based multi-party AG. For this problem, the AG provides multicast bridges as a solution by putting a relay server into the multicast networks. Multicast-disabled clients make UDP connections with this relay server and receive forwarded multicast traffics in unicast UDP packets. This solution is facing several limitations since it requires duplicate forwarding of the same packet for each unicast peer. Thus, in this paper, we propose an alternate solution for the multicast connectivity problem of the AG based on the UMTP (UDP multicast tunneling protocol). By taking advantage of flexibilities of UMTP, the proposed solution is designed to improve the efficiency of network and system utilization, to allow reuse of multicast-based AG applications without modification, and to partially address the NAT/firewall traversal issues. To verify the feasibility of proposed solution, we have implemented a prototype AG connectivity tool based on the UMTP, named as the AG Connector.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.5 no.2 s.9
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• pp.136-145
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• 2001

As with appearing new applications that requires QoS guarantee such as VoIP, VPN in Internet, problems of IP QoS has been one of most important issues in next-generation Internet. IETF has proposed integrated services model(Int-Serv) and differentiated service(Diff-Serv) to supply IP QoS in Internet. Int-Serv model uses the state information of each IP flow, so satisfies QoS according to traffic characteristics, but increases the amount of flow state information with increasing flow number. Diff-Serv model uses PHP(Per Hop Behavior), and there are well-defined classes to provide differentiated traffics with different services according to delay and loss sensitivity. Diff-Serv model can provide diverse services in Internet because of having no the state and signal information of each flow. As MPLS uses the packet forwarding technique based-on label, it implements the traffic engineering in the networks easily. The MPLS can set up the path with different traffic parameters, and assign each path to particular Class of Services. Therefore it is possible to support the Diff-Serv model with well-defined classes. In this paper we investigate the performance improvement of Diff-Serv function in the MPLS network to guarantee class of services in Internet.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.9B
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• pp.610-618
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• 2005

As developed Internet and Computer Capability, Many Users take the many information through the network. So requirement of User that use to network was rapidly increased and become various. But it spend much time to accept user requirement on current network, so studied such as Active network for solved it. This Active node on Active network have the capability that stored and processed execution code aside from capability of forwarding packet on current network. So required execution code for executed packet arrived in active node, if execution code should not be in active node, have to take by request previous Action node and Code Server to it. But if this execution code take from previous active node and Code Server, bring to time delay by transport execution code and increased traffic of network and execution time. So, As used execution code stored in cache on active node, it need to increase execution time and decreased number of request. So, our paper suggest ANC caching technique that able to decrease number of execution code request and time of execution code by efficiently store execution code to active node. ANC caching technique may decrease the network traffic and execution time of code, to decrease request of execution code from previous active node.