• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 1998

A deletion of one out of the two copies of 9-bp repeat sequence (CCCCCTCTA), between the cytochrome oxidase II and Iysine tranfer RNA (COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$) genes in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used as a polymorphic anthropological marker for people of east Asian origin, and to lesser extent, Pacific and African populations. We searched for the 9-bp deletion of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ Lys region in two Korean populations (175 from Seoul and 38 from Cheju) and examine the distibution of this deletion in world populations. The 9-bp deletion was detected directly by electrophoresis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified nucleotide(nt) 8211-8310 mtDNA fragment. The frequencies of the 9-bp deletion were significantly different between the Seoul (16%) and Cheju (8%) populations. Examination of data from the world populations suggests a geographic gradient. The frequency reaches its highest values in some Pacific island populations and decreases along the southeast Asia-Siberia transect. In spite of this geographic gradient, Mongoloid populations including Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and Mongolian populations were relatively homo-geneous with regard to the 9-bp deletion type of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ region. These results indicate Koreans are genetically related to northeast Asian populations, and have a maternal mongoloid ancestry. Therefore, the 9-bp deletion of the intergenic COII/$tRNA^{Lys}$ region will provide significant information to elucidate the historical patterns of migration of the Mongoloids.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.451-462
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• 2020

There are 82 volcanoes active during the 48 weeks of 2019 (January 30 to December 31, 2019; USGS data) Approximately 80~90 volcanoes are active on the Earth for a year. More than 91% of these volcanoes are took place in the circum-Pacific volcanic belt, which is commonly called 'Ring of Fire'. This status coincides with the distribution maps of active volcanoes on the earth: about 80 percent on subduction zone of the convergent plate boundaries; 15 percent on divergent plate boundaries; 5 percent on intra-plate zone. Typically five volcanoes are most active during the survey period (48 weeks); Dukono (Halmahera, Indonesia) 48 times, Aira (Kyushu, Japan) 47 times, Ebeko (Paramushir Island, Russsia) 46 times, Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia) 37 times, Krakatau (Indonesia) 33 times. The comparison of volcanic activity between 2018 and 2019 showed no significant difference. It is assumed that volcanic activity remains stable.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2023

Jeju Sasa borealis (S. borealis) is indigenous to the Halla Mountain area of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. However, its dominance has retarded the development of other plant species and lowered biodiversity in this region. The aim of this study was to determine whether S. borealis silage (SS) supplementation affects the chemical composition and antioxidant activity in the fresh meat of Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae). The experiment was conducted on 12 Korean native goats at the finisher stage. The feeding groups were the Control (total mixed ration, TMR) and the Treatment (80% TMR + 20% SS). The animals were adapted for two weeks and then subjected to a six-month breeding experiment. Meat samples were excised from the neck, loin, rib, front leg, and hind leg of the slaughtered animals. The meat derived from the treatment group contained more taurine and anserine than that derived from the control group. Both groups did not significantly differ in terms of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio. The loin and front leg of the treatment group contained significantly higher vitamin E levels than those of the control group. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP analyses disclosed that the loin and front leg had significantly higher antioxidant activity (p<0.05) than the other parts. Moreover, the loin and front leg cuts of the treatment group had higher antioxidant activity than those of the control group. The present study demonstrated that S. borealis supplementation could effectively improve Korean native goat meat quality.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1972

Studies on the circulation and water masses in the continental shelf break region of the East China Sea are Summerized as follows : 1. The main stream of the Kuroshio flowing north-east near $29^{\circ}N\;Lat\;127^{\circ}E$ tong of the East China Sea in summer is narrow in width. Moving toward east, it becomes twice as wide in Tokora Strait, Japan. 2. In the main stream area of the Kuroshio, the surface Waters in the Upper layer (0-250m) are influenced by the coastal waters of China, and the counter current submerges under the surface water. Therefore, the mixing waters are found in its intermediate layer. 3. Water mass between Amami Island and the continental shelf of the East China Sea consists of main stream water, counter current water, gyration water and mixed water with coastal waters. 4. The maximum velocity of current in this waters was 139cm/sec. The volume transport was estimated approximately as $24.2\;\times\;10^6m^3/sec$. It was less than $33\;\times\;10^6m^3/sec$ in the region between Okinawa and continental shelf of the East China Sea. 5. Surface waters east of $29^{\circ}N\;Lat\;128^{\circ}E$ Long flows toward Amami Island, Okinawa Island, and Hachi Ju San Island, while those west of the region flow toward the Korea-strait, Cheju Island, coastal waters of Kyusyu, and the Pacific Ocean through Tokora Strait. The velocity of the current was estimated approximately as $0.3\~0.5$ miles per hour. 6. The bottom waters in the continental shelf break region flow toward the Korea Strait, Cheju Island and the coastal water of Kyusyu, while that of the continental shelf flows toward the Yellow Sea, 7, The characteristics of the Kuroshio water is changed remarkably by the mixing with the coastal water of China.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_1
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• pp.1125-1133
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• 2021

This study attempted to understand seawater characteristics like chlorophyll concentration (CHL), total suspended matter concentration (TSM), absorption characteristics, and remote sensing reflectance around Weno Island, Micronesia, located in the South Pacific Ocean near the equator. 50 in-situ measurement from May to June 2013 were analyzed and compared with data from around Korean peninsula. CHL around Weno Island was 0.11-0.49 mg/m³ (average 0.26 mg/m³), and TSM was 0.03-0.31 g/m³, (average 0.16 g/m³), showing typical clear water characteristics. Absorption coefficient of total suspended matters at 443 nm showed over 0.5 times less than that from East Sea and the slope of absorption coefficient spectrum of dissolved organic matter showed much larger than that of Korean peninsula, indicating the concentration of organic matter is very low and dissolved organic matter of marine origin is considered to be the main component in the study area. As a result of comparing the remote sensing reflectance spectrum with that of coastal waters around the Korean peninsula, coastal waters around Weno Island showed typical CASE-1 water properties. It was possible to understand the marine optical characteristics of coral reef habitats in tropical waters, and it can be used to develop seawater algorithms specialized in the study area.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2017

Oahu Island is the third largest island of the Hawaiian chain which located in the northern hemisphere close to the center of the Pacific Ocean and is affected by storms and tsunamis in the northern and southern hemispheres. High-wave and high-energy waves are concentrated in the winter and summer, and the Oahu Coast is always in an active erosion environment. These natural effects are likely to become more severe with global warming and sea level rise. In addition, as the anthropogenic factors, there was indiscreet flood of development on the coast until the 1972 coastal management law was enacted. However, the present coastal erosion phenomenon was not serious than thought. The cause can be found in the improvement of the coastal management of the provincial government. The Hawaiian government is no longer applying this method, which was built prior to the enactment of the Coastal Control Act, due to increased erosion and side effects at other sites. So, in Hawaii, it is mainly applied to soft revetment methods such as supplying sand or making artificial sand dunes as an erosion prevention method. In Korea, there are some places where the soft revetment method is applied partially, but it is mainly composed of hard revetment structure.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2015

The trajectory analysis of boundary layer ozone data at four regional sites in the East Asian outflow regions in Japan was carried out together with boundary layer ozone data observed at Mt. Tai and Mt. Huang in the source region of central eastern China during the monsoon onset in May-June 2003 and 2004. At all sites, the influences of anthropogenic emissions from East Asia have been found. During May and June 2004, the evidences of direct pollution transport from central eastern China to Hedo, an outflow site in Okinawa Island were observed. Ozone mixing ratios associated with air masses from central eastern China averaged 45 ppb while those associated with clean air masses from the Pacific were only 14 ppb, which resulted in averaged 31 ppb increase of ozone mixing ratios during the pollution episodes from central eastern China at Cape Hedo. Using transport time analysis and averaging all ozone episodes transported from central eastern China, the ozone dilution rate of 5.4 ppb per day was roughly estimated during air masses transported from source to outflow regions at Hedo. In the regions nearby Japanese mainland, however ozone increases by long-range transports were more related to both domestic and East Asian sources as a whole.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

The underwater sound transmission system(USTS) was experimentally made to monitor the cetacean's appearance by telemetry, and then its system was tested to evaluate its performance from July to October, 2007 at the Kimnyeong berth and the dolphin's breeding ground of Pacific Land in Jeju island, respectively. The results showed that the sweep sound in the trial experiment and the whistle sound of bottlenose dolphin(Tursiops truncatus) were favorably received by telemetry. Therefore, we could confirm the USTS is able to monitor the cetacean's appearance in real time without direct observation at sea within effective range of code division multiple access(CDMA) communication method.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.688-691
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• 2006

The current system of the East China Sea, a marginal sea in the northwest Pacific, has a seasonal variation. The Changjiang Diluted Water, Chinese coastal water in the East China Sea, has different seasonal paths. It flows southward along the Chinese coast within a narrow band in winter and does northeastward the Korea/Tsushima Strait in summer, which has been a subject to many researchers. In particular, low salinity in the South Sea of Korea in 1996 and 1998 was in discord with the Changjiang River discharge and the Changjiang Diluted Water seems to play an important role in occurrence of red tide in the South Sea of Korea in 1997 and on the contrary, disappearance in the next year. These facts suggested that the Changjiang Diluted Water does not flow along the same path in every summer. According to the analyses for path of the Changjiang Diluted Water using ocean color images by SeaWiFS and salinity observations by shipboard CTD in August for recent years, the Changjiang Diluted Water in summer flowed within the range of direction from southeastward to north-northeastward anticlockwise. However, the Changjiang Diluted Water flowed northeastward toward Jeju Island of Korea for the most part. It is necessary to examine the influence of major factors on path variability of the CDW in summer such as surface wind, the Changjiang River discharge and background current.

• ALGAE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2015

Ecklonia cava Kjellman is a common kelp found in shallow subtidal in warm-temperate waters in the northwest Pacific Ocean. This species has shown substantial morphological variation along with subsistence in different locations and local environments. We quantified the magnitude of morphological variation of E. cava from six populations along ~700 km of coastline from Jeju Island to Dokdo in Korea. In addition, we examined genetic distance among the populations using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Most morphological characteristics investigated were significantly different among locations. Multivariate analyses indicated two phenetically distinct groups (nearshore, sheltered vs. offshore, exposed), indicating wave exposure with turbidity are presumably major factors for the separation. With RAPD data, results of Nei's diversity (H) and AMOVA showed considerable variations in within- and between-populations. Pairwise ${\Phi}_{ST}$ and $N_m$ values indicated moderate gene flow between the six locations. Results of Nei's analysis revealed three genetically distinct groups, not consistent with the morphological groupings, indicating that a time gap may exist between morphological and genetic variations. This study also suggests dispersal distance of this kelp may be longer than what is commonly thought and genetic similarity in the populations was largely reflected by the direction of ocean current rather than just geographical distance.