• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2014

Fluctuating wind conditions necessitate the use of a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) with a AC/DC/AC converter scheme in order to harvest the maximum power from the wind and to decouple the synchronous generator voltage and frequency from the grid voltage and frequency. In this paper, a combination of a three phase diode bridge rectifier (DBR) and a modified topology of the diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) has been considered as an AC/DC/AC converter. A control strategy has been proposed for the DCMLI to achieve the objective of grid interface of a wind power system together with local load compensation. A novel fixed frequency current control method is proposed for the DCMLI based on the level shifted multi carrier PWM for achieving the required control objectives with equal and uniform switching frequency operation for better control and thermal management with the modified DCMLI. The condition of the controller gain is derived to ensure the operation of the DCMLI at the fixed frequency of the carrier. The converter current injected into the distribution grid is controlled in accordance with the wind power availability. In addition, load compensation is performed as an added facility in order to free the source currents being fed from the grid of harmonic distortion, unbalance and a low power factor even though the load may be unbalanced, non-linear and of a poor power factor. The results are validated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation studies.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1110-1121
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• 2016

The mathematical model of a three phase PWM converter under the stationary αβ reference frame is deduced and constructed based on a Proportional-Resonant (PR) regulator, which can replace trigonometric function calculation, Park transformation, real-time detection of a Phase Locked Loop and feed-forward decoupling with the proposed accurate calculation of the inductance voltage vector. To avoid the parallel resonance of the LCL topology, the active damping method of the proportional capacitor-current feedback is employed. As to current vector error elimination, an optimized PR controller of the inner current loop is proposed with the zero-pole matching (ZPM) and cancellation method to configure the regulator. The impacts on system's characteristics and stability margin caused by the PR controller and control parameter variations in the inner-current loop are analyzed, and the correlations among active damping feedback coefficient, sampling and transport delay, and system robustness have been established. An equivalent model of the inner current loop is studied via the pole-zero locus along with the pole placement method and frequency response characteristics. Then, the parameter values of the control system are chosen according to their decisive roles and performance indicators. Finally, simulation and experimental results obtained while adopting the proposed method illustrated its feasibility and effectiveness, and the inner current loop achieved zero static error tracking with a good dynamic response and steady-state performance.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2003

본 논문은 플라잉 커패시터 멀티-레벨 인버터의 가장 큰 문제점인 플라잉 커패시터 전압 불균형의 새로운 해결방법으로 캐리어 로테이션(Carrier-Rotation) PWM 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 모든 스위치가 한번의 스위칭동작을 하는 동안 플라잉 커패시터의 충전과 방전에 관계된 레그 전압 리던던시(redundancy)를 같은 비율로 사용하여 플라잉 커패시터 전압을 일정하게 유지하며, 전압의 변동폭이 최소가 되도록 제어한다 이 방법은 각 캐리어의 배치가 모두 통상이므로 출력 전압의 고조파 성분이 저감되며, 또한 모든 스위치의 스위칭 주파수가 같으므로 스위치 이용률이 개선되는 특성을 갖는다. 제안된 기법을 플라잉 커패시터 3-레벨 인버터에 적용하여 상세히 분석하고, 3-레벨 이상에 적용할 수 있도록 일반화한다. 제안된 기법의 타당성은 실험 결과로 검증된다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1625-1636
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• 2017

A power electronic transformer (PET) based on the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) and the isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter (IBDC) is capable of accommodating a large scale battery energy storage system (BESS) in the medium-voltage grid, and is referred to as a power electronic transformer based battery energy storage system (PET-BESS). This paper investigates the PET-BESS and proposes a coordinative control strategy for it. In the proposed method, the CHB controls the power flow and the battery state-of-charge (SOC) balancing, while the IBDC maintains the dc-link voltages with feedforward implementation of the power reference and the switch status of the CHB. State-feedback and linear quadratic Riccati (LQR) methods have been adopted in the CHB to control the grid current, active power and reactive power. A hybrid PWM modulating method is utilized to achieve SOC balancing, where battery SOC sorting is involved. The feedforward path of the power reference and the CHB switch status substantially reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations under dynamic power variations. The effectiveness of the proposed control has been verified both by simulation and experimental results. The performance of the PET-BESS under bidirectional power flow has been improved, and the battery SOC values have been adjusted to converge.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2015

In hybrid or electric vehicles, the hydraulic brake system must be controlled cooperatively with the traction motor for regenerative braking. Recently, a motor driven brake system with a PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) has replaced conventional vacuum boosters to increase regenerative power. Unlike industry motor controls, additional source codes such as functional safety are essential in automotive applications to meet ISO26262 standards. Therefore, the control logic execution time increases, which also causes an extension of the motor current control period. The increased current control period makes precise motor current control challenging inhigh speed ranges where the motor is driven by high frequency. In this paper, a PWM update strategy and a time delay compensation method are suggested to improve current control and system performance. The proposed methods are experimentally verified.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.588-590
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• 1994

This paper describes current controlled PWM technique of IPM synchronous motors for a wide variety of speed control applications. The IPM synchronous motors have a saliency, in which the q-axis inductance is larger than the d-axis inductance. As a consequence, there exists a reluctance torque component Thus when this component is added to the torque component produced by the stator currents and the air-gap flux, IPM motor drives are readily applicable where full torque Is required up to full or base speed. They are however limited in their ability to operate in the power limited regime where the available torque is reduced as the speed is increased above its base value. This paper reviews the operation of the IPMSM drives when they are constrained to be within the permissible envelope of maximum inverter voltage and current to produce the rated power and to provide this with the highest attainable rotor speed. The wide variety of speed control strategy is analyzed and the performance is investigated by the computer simulation using actual parameters of a drive system. Simulation results are given and discussed.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1469-1482
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• 2016

In hybrid energy storage systems, supercapacitors are usually connected in series to meet the required voltage levels. Equalizers are effective in prolonging the life of hybrid energy storage systems because they eliminate the voltage imbalance on cells. This study proposes a modularized equalizer, which is based on a combination of a half-bridge inverter, an inductor, and two auxiliary capacitors. The proposed equalizer inherits the advantages of inductor-based equalization systems, but it also offers unique merits, such as low switching losses and an easy-to-use control algorithm. The zero-voltage switching scheme is analyzed, and the power model is established. A fixed-frequency operation strategy is proposed to simplify the control and lower the cost. The switching patterns and conditions for zero-voltage switching are discussed. Simulation results based on PSIM are presented to verify the validity of the proposed equalizer. An equalization test for two supercapacitor cells is performed. An experimental hybrid energy storage system, which consists of batteries and supercapacitors, is established to verify the performance of the proposed equalizer. The analysis, simulation results, and experimental results are in good agreement, thus indicating that the circuit is practical.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1654-1663
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• 2015

Compared to LC resonance, LCL resonance has distinct advantages such as a large resonant capability, low voltage and current stresses of the power device, constant voltage or current output characteristics, and fault-tolerance capability. Thus, LCL resonant compensation is employed for a movable Inductive Contactless Power Transfer (ICPT) system with a multi-load in this paper, which achieves constant current output characteristics. Peculiarly, the primary side adopts a much larger compensation inductor than the primary leakage inductor to lower the reactive power, reduce the input current ripple, generate a large current in the primary side, and realize soft-switching. Furthermore, this paper proposes an approximate resonant point for large inductor-ratio LCL resonant compensation through fundamental wave analysis. In addition, the PWM control strategy is used for this system to achieve constant current output characteristics. Finally, an experimental platform is built, whose secondary E-Type coils can ride and move on a primary rail. Simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of both the theory and the design method.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.60-70
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• 1989

본 연구는 인버터로 구동되는 유도전동기에서 발생되는 토오크 맥동을 표현하는, 고조파 토오크 함수 HTF(harmonic torque function)를 제안하고, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 HTF의 타당성을 입증하였다. 제안된 HTF는 고조파 전류의 크기 뿐만 아니라 위상까지 고려하므로서 부하변동에 무관한 고조파 토오크 함수가 되었으며, 이를 six-step. SPWM 및 TPWM의 펄스 폭 제어 인버터에 적용하여 비교하였다. 그 결과 PAWM 인버터에서의 우수한 제어방법이 선택되었다. 한 주기당 펄스수가 9이하에서는 six-step이, 출력전압 크기와 토오크 맥동의 측면에서, SPWM 및 TPWM보다 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2000

The constraint conditions are the stator voltage and the stator current to operate the motor in the flux weakening region. The maximum current is limited by the inverter current rating and the machine thermal rating. Given DC link voltage to control the motor in the flux weakening the maximum voltage is determined by considering PWM strategy, dead time, voltage drop of the inverter switching device, and the margin of the voltage for current forcing. In this paper, the new method to determine the available maximum voltage is derived by the quantitative method and by considering the factors of the voltage drop. The proposed method to determine the maximum voltage is very useful to improve the stability of the motor system and to enlarge the speed operation region in the flux weakening operation. Therefore the utility of the maximum voltage is increased.