• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.282-295
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• 2005

The processing of dietary lipids can be distinguished in several sequential steps, including their emulsification, hydrolysis and micellization, before they are absorbed by the enterocytes. Emulsification of lipids starts in the stomach and is mediated by physical forces and favoured by the partial lipolysis of the dietary lipids due to the activity of gastric lipase. The process of lipid digestion continues in the duodenum where pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL) releases 50 to 70% of dietary fatty acids. Bile salts at low concentrations stimulate PTL activity, but higher concentrations inhibit PTL activity. Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase activity is regulated by colipase, that interacts with bile salts and PTL and can release bile salt mediated PTL inhibition. Without colipase, PTL is unable to hydrolyse fatty acids from dietary triacylglycerols, resulting in fat malabsorption with severe consequences on bioavailability of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, carboxyl ester lipase, a pancreatic enzyme that is bile salt-stimulated and displays wide substrate reactivities, is involved in lipid digestion. The products of lipolysis are removed from the water-oil interface by incorporation into mixed micelles that are formed spontaneously by the interaction of bile salts. Monoacylglycerols and phospholipids enhance the ability of bile salts to form mixed micelles. Formation of mixed micelles is necessary to move the non-polar lipids across the unstirred water layer adjacent to the mucosal cells, thereby facilitating absorption.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

무선 인터넷 사용자의 증가, IPTV 확산, 개인 멀티미디어 플랫폼의 다양화 등으로 IP 기반의 패킷 서비스에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라 TDM 기술을 사용하는 회선 기반의 전송방식에서 이더넷 기반의 패킷 전송방식으로 기술이 진화하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 PBB-TE 기술 및 MPLS-TP 기술을 적용한 패킷 전송망에 대해 소개하고, 패킷 전송망에서 사용자의 다양한 요구조건에 만족하는 서비스 품질 관리 방안을 제시한다. 제안된 플로우 기반의 QoS 관리 방안에서는 입력 프레임을 플로우 별로 구분하여 PTL 터널에 매핑하고 각 플로우 및 PTL 터널 별 대역관리를 수행함으로써 대역충돌 상황에서도 설정된 서비스 품질을 완벽히 보장해 줄 수 있다. 제안된 방안의 성능분석을 위해 각 입력 프레임 별 플로우 및 PTL 터널을 정의하고 각 플로우 및 PTL 터널 별 QoS 파라메터를 설정하였으며 OPNET modeler를 사용하여 모의시험을 수행 하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2017

Since the power transmission line(PTL) passes through the high mountain and heavy snowfall region, it is necessary to keep the stability of the PTL. In this study, PTL is modeled as a mass-spring-damper system by using RecurDyn. The lumped mass model is verified by calculated from the simulation comparing the deflection analysis according to the sag and tension. In order to analyze the dynamic behavior of PTL, a damping coefficient for a multi-body model is derived by using the free vibration test and Rayleigh damping theory. Sleet jump simulation according to the region is performed. The maximum jump height, icing sag and amount of jump are confirmed. Also, the amount of jump and the reaction force at the supporting point according to the tension and load of ice are analyzed, respectively. As a result, it is noted that the amount of jump and reaction force are influenced more by the load of ice than by the tension of PTL.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권9A호
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• pp.2197-2210
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• 1998

In the grand alliance (GA) HDTV receiver, a coherent detection is empolyed for coherent demodulation of vestigial side-band (VSB) signal by using frequency and phaselocked loop(FPLL) operating on the pilot carrier. Additional phase tracking loop (PTL) employed to track out phase noise that has not been removed by the FPLL in theGA system. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for phase detection which utilizes a weighting function. The simplest implementation of the proposed algorithm using te sign of the Q channel component can be tractable by imposing a phase detection gain to the loop gain. It is obserbed that the propsoed algorithm has a robust characteristic against the performance of the digital filters used for Q channel estimation. A second goal of this paper is to introduce a gain control algorithm for the PTL in order to provide an effective implementation of the proposed phase detection algorithm. And we design the PTL through the realization of the simplified digital filter for H/W reduction. The proposed algorithms and the designed PTL are evaluated by computer simulation. In spite of using the simplified H/W structure, simulation results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the coventional PTL algorithms in the phase detection and tracking performance.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2006

In this paper, we readdress a layout design problem, PTL[3], for determining an optimal 3-class-based dedicated linear storage layout in a class of unit load storage systems. Based on some fundamental properties derived, we provide a converging exact algorithm with O(n[logn]), which is more efficient than that of Yang and Kim [8] and can be applied to PTL[K] with $K{\ge}4$ in order to reduce computational execution time. In addition, we prove that the necessary condition suggested by them is also a sufficient condition to PTL[3].

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1051-1057
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• 2001

In this paper, we deal with three types of modelling method for the analysis of galloping in power transmission line (PTL). The single mass model is obtained under linearization method and it is applied into f-order model. On these models, the nature frequencies of PTL are obtained and it makes an effects on the galloping directly. In simulation, we verify that the maximum magnitude of nature frequency depends on the galloping distance of PTL. Also from the analysis of frequency response, a few of reduction method for galloping are introduced which is effected by distance of PTL, wind velocity and icing types.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2004

In this paper, we address a layout design problem, PTL[3], for determining an optimal 3-class-based dedicated linear storage layout in a class of unit load storage systems. Our objective is to minimize the expected single command travel time. We analyze PTL[3] to derive a fundamental property that an optimal solution to PTL[3] is one of the partitions based on the PAI(product activity index)-nonincreasing ordering. Using the property and partial enumeration, we construct an efficient exact algorithm with O $(n\;{\lceil}\;log\;n\;{\rceil}\;)$ for solving PTL[3].

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1135-1138
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• 2015

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the MSCT characteristics of PTL in order to enhance the awareness of this uncommon entity among both clinicians and radiologists. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathological data and MSCT images of 27 patients with PTL were retrospectively reviewed. The MSCT appearances were classified into three types: type 1, solitary nodule surrounded by normal thyroid tissue; type 2, multiple nodules in the thyroid, and type 3, enlarged thyroid glands with a reduced attenuation with or without peripheral thin hyperattenuating thyroid tissue. Results: The patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 68 years (range, 51-86years) and compression symptoms or enlarged cervical lymph nodes at diagnosis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was in 20 patients. All patients had non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell in origin, including 22 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 5 of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). For MSCT appearance, type 1 pattern was observed in 2 patients, type 2 in 8, and seventeen type 3 in 17. The lesions occurred in more than one lobe with a mean maximal transverse diameter of 6.9 cm and an ill-defined margin. Most tumors showed a homogeneous attenuation equal to that of surrounding muscles before contrast and obvious enhancement after contrast. Cervical lymph node involvement and invasion of the trahea and (or) esophagus were mainly observed in patients with DLBCL. Conclusions: PTL should be clinically considered in elder patients presenting with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and cervical lymphadenopathy. The MSCT characteristics of PTL includes a mass diffusely affecting more than one thyroid lobe, isointense to muscle and obvious enhancement before and after contrast. DLBCL, the most common histological subtype of PTL, is associated with a higher invasive tendency.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1176-1179
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• 1995

1H NMR spectra of pyridine, α-, β-, and γ-picoline coordinated to the paramagnetic heteropolyanion [Ni3(PW9O34)2]12- (P2Ni3) are reported. NMR lines are assigned to [Ni3(ptl)n(PW9O34)2]12- (n=1, 2 or 3; ptl=pyridine-type ligand) on the basis of their [P2Ni3]/[ptl] dependence. The formation constants for γ-picoline complexes at 25 ℃ are K1=80, K2=610, and K3=190 L mol-1. The monopicoline complex has greater affinity for γ-picoline than P2Ni3. A degradation product, [Ni2(WO2)(PW9O34)2]12-, was also identified at low pH by measuring the NMR spectrum of pyridine coordinated to it. The isotropic NMR shifts come mainly from the contact interaction due to σ-electron delocalization.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.422-431
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• 2023

Background Posttraumatic lymphedema (PTL) is sparsely described in the literature. The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive approach for prevention and treatment of PTL using lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and lymphatic vessels free flap, reporting our experience in the management of early-stage lymphedema. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed between October 2017 and July 2022. Functional assessment with magnetic resonance lymphangiography and indocyanine green lymphography was performed. Patients with lymphedema and functional lymphatic channels were included. Cases with limited soft tissue damage were proposed for LVA, and those with acute or prior soft tissue damage needing skin reconstruction were proposed for superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator lymphatic vessels free flap (SCIP-LV) to treat or prevent lymphedema. Primary and secondary outcomes were limb volume reduction and quality of life (QoL) improvement, respectively. Follow-up was at least 1 year. Results Twenty-eight patients were operated using this approach during the study period. LVA were performed in 12 patients; mean reduction of excess volume (REV) was 58.82% and the improvement in QoL was 49.25%. SCIP-LV was performed in seven patients with no flap failure; mean REV was 58.77% and the improvement QoL was 50.9%. Nine patients with acute injury in lymphatic critical areas were reconstructed with SCIP-LV as a preventive approach and no lymphedema was detected. Conclusion Our comprehensive approach provides an organized way to treat patients with PTL, or at risk of developing it, to have satisfactory results and improve their QoL.