• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

A fungus, Penicillium sp. PS-113, isolated from soil showed the high phosphate-solubilizing activity in patato dextrose broth-rock phosphate to produce free phosphates to the culture broth with the concentrations of 585 ppm against rock phosphate. In this medium, the optimum temperature and initial pH to solubilize rock phosphate were 30$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, respectively. In order to make the mass production of the conidia from this fungus, we cultured in on various solid-based media like barley, corn, wheat, rice, rice bran, and compost. As a result, the fungus highly produced conidia ranging from 2.1 to $5.1{\times}10_9$ conidia/g${\cdot}$media on these solid media except compost-based medium, which was 0 times less than others. Effects of inoculation of the phosphate solubilizing fungus as a biofertilizer were studied in perlite-based pot cropped with Zea mays Suwon 19. Inoculation of Penicillium sp. PS-113 increased in plant height (1.4 times), plant weight (5.2~8.1 times) and root length (1.1~1.2 times) at 60-day cultivation, compared to Hogland solution either without $NH_4H_2PO_4$ or displace $NH_4H_2PO_4$ to powdered rock phosphate, a phosphorus source for plant growth.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.943-950
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• 2020

We propose 8.2-GHz band radar RFICs for an 8 × 8 phased-array frequency-modulated continuous-wave receiver developed using 65-nm CMOS technology. This receiver panel is constructed using a multichip solution comprising fabricated 2 × 2 low-noise amplifier phase-shifter (LNA-PS) chips and a 4ch RX front-end chip. The LNA-PS chip has a novel phase-shifter circuit for low-voltage operation, novel active single-to-differential/differential-to-single circuits, and a current-mode combiner to utilize a small area. The LNA-PS chip shows a power gain range of 5 dB to 20 dB per channel with gain control and a single-channel NF of 6.4 dB at maximum gain. The measured result of the chip shows 6-bit phase states with a 0.35° RMS phase error. The input P1 dB of the chip is approximately -27.5 dBm at high gain and is enough to cover the highest input power from the TX-to-RX leakage in the radar system. The gain range of the 4ch RX front-end chip is 9 dB to 30 dB per channel. The LNA-PS chip consumes 82 mA, and the 4ch RX front-end chip consumes 97 mA from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The chip sizes of the 2 × 2 LNA-PS and the 4ch RX front end are 2.39 mm × 1.3 mm and 2.42 mm × 1.62 mm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.602-607
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• 1998

Changes in microbial count, enzyme, texture and color during storage of dongchimi (pickled radish roots) were investigated. Dongchimi was pressurized at 400 MPa for 5 min. Pressurized dongchimi stored at $4^{\circ}C\;(PS4)\;and\;37^{\circ}C\;(PS37)$ were compared with control $(stored\;at\;4^{\circ}C)$. PS4 and PS37 maintained their initial pH values during storage. Lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mold were not detected during storage in pressurized dongchimi. Pectinesterase, polygalacturonase activities and hardness of pressurized dongchimi decreased during storage. PS4 maintained its hardness longer than both control and PS37 during storage. The yellowness of PS37 was too high compared to control and PS4, indicating that storage of pressurized dongchimi at $37^{\circ}C$ was undesirable.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.971-980
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• 2013

System performance improvement through the concentrated residual dispersion per span (RDPS) in special transmission fiber spans in optical transmission links with dispersion management (DM) for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmission is investigated through the comparison with the performance in optical transmission links with uniform RDPS in every fiber spans. It is confirmed that, in optical links with RDPS of 0 ps/nm uniformly distributed in the rest fiber spans, if RDPS of 300 ps/nm and 1,320 ps/nm are concentrated in 5th-13th fiber spans and 6th-13th fiber spans, respectively, then the best performance is obtained. It is also confirmed that optimal net residual dispersion (NRD) controlled by precompensation and postcompensation are 10 ps/nm and -10 ps/nm, respectively, in all two cases, and the effective launching power range below 1 dB eye opening penalty (EOP) in the concentrated RDPS of 300 ps/nm and 1,320 ps/nm are improved by 2 dB and 6 dB than optical transmission links with the uniformly distributed RDPS, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1993

The high relapse rate after curative surgery of lung cancer suggests that tumor cells are remained at the site of resection and in the distant organs. Postoperative radiochemoimmunotherapy including protein-bound polysaccharide PS-K[Copolang] and/or chemotherapy to improve the prognosis in lung cancer has been adopted. The patients with lung cancer who were treated with a combined modality therapy after surgery were reviewed to determine the effects of adjuvant immunotherapy[PS-K] and the relationship between midterm survival and clinicopathologic variables. During the past 5 years, 95 patients with lung cancer underwent resective operation. Of them, 30 cases were curative surgery, 29 were relative curative surgery, and the remainders were non-curative surgery. Postoperative combination therapies consisted of three types of therapies: postoperative BRM[biological response modifiers] with PS-K [Copolang] 50 mg/kg for 24 weeks[Group 1], chemoimmunotherapy with chemotherapy[a combination of cisplatin, etoposide, vindesine] and PS-K [Group 2], radioimmunotherapy with postoperative prophylactic irradiation to the mediastinum at total dose of 54 Gy-60 Gy and PS-K [Group 3] and surgery without adjuvant therapy[Group 4]. Twenty months survival rates of localized disease [Stages I and II] treated with PS-K, with radioimmunotherapy and no therapy were 73 %, 60 %, and 50 %, respectively [p [0.05]. Three-year survival rates of regionally advanced cases [stage Ilia and IIIb] were 23 % in Group 1.57 % in Group 2.20 % in Group 3, and 0 % in Group 4, respectively.According to above results, we suggest that postoperative combination therapy including PS-K might improve the prognosis of lung cancer. The similar survival pattern of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma treated with BRM, chemoimmunotherapy or radioimmunotherapy need to evaluate the role of postoperative immunotherapy[PS-K] in randomized studies.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 1999

A 10 GHz harmonically mode-locked semiconductor-fiber ring laser was implemented using a semiconductor optical amplifier at $1.5\mu\textrm{m}$ The laser pulse has 13~18 ps pulse duration, 0.4~0.6 nm spectral width and was positively chirped. The output pulse with an average power of 4 dBm was compressed to 6.8 ps using 2 km long standard single mode optical fiber.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.211-213
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• 1972

전보에서 저자들은 인삼의 anti-inflammatory activity를 추적하여 Panax saponin A 및 C 로 명명된 dammalene계 glycoside를 분리하였고 A에 대해서는 이미 그 화학구조를 밝혀 보고한바 있다. 본보에서는 Panax saponin C(PS-C)의 부분 화학구조를 밝혀 보고코자 한다. PS-C는 산분해하면 panaxatriol 1 mol, glucose 2 mol 및 rhamnose 1 mol을 생성하고, acetylation하면 dodeca-acetate를 형성한다. 따라서 protopanaxtriol의 20[s]-수산기는 glycoside 결합에 참여하고있다. PS-C는 6 mol의 $HIO_4$를 소모하고 permethylate에 대한 methanolysis product를 GLC로 분석한 결과 2, 3, 4-trimethoxy-methyl-rhamnoside 1 mol과 $2,\;3,\;4,\;6-tetramethoxy-{\alpha}-methyl\;glucosied\;2\;mol$이 생성되므로 PS-C 중에 존재하는 3 mol의 sugar는 oligoside 결합에 의하지 않고 monoside결합에 의하여 연결되어 있고 glucose는 ${\beta}-glycoside$ 결합을 하고 있음을 의미한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.1B
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

In the transmitter of optical communication systems, a time-division multiplexer combines several parallel data streams into a single data stream with a high bit rate. In this paper, we design a 4:1 (4-channels) time-division multiplexer using SiGe HBT with emitter size of 2x8um2. The operation speed is 100bps, the rise and fall times of 20-80% are 34ps and 34ps, respectively and the dissipation of power is 1.50W.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2008

Multi-walled carbon nanotube/polystyrene (MWCNT/PS) composites with various MWCNT contents were prepared by using a solution process with an aid of surfactant. Particularly, PS's with 3 different molecular weights (${\bar{M}}_n$ = 101500 g/mole for PS-1, ${\bar{M}}_n$ = 89900 g/mole for PS-2, and ${\bar{M}}_n$ = 85000 g/mole for PS-3) were used in this study. Thermal behavior of these composites was examined by using an oscillator rheometer at $210^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$, of above and below the critical flow temperature ($T_{cf}{\sim}195^{\circ}C$) of PS matrix, respectively. The storage and loss modulus, and the complex viscosity of these composites increased with increasing MWCNT content at both temperatures. Largest increases in the frequency-dependent moduli and complex viscosity were observed between 2 wt% and 5 wt% of MWCNTs at $210^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$. Only the composite at $210^{\circ}C$ showed the rheological phase transition from a viscous-dominant to an elastic-dominant behavior of the composites at a certain MWCNT content. The MWCNT content at the rheological phase transition of MWCNT/PS composites generally increased with decreasing molecular weight of PS, and was measured to be 3.5 wt% for MWCNT/PS-1, 3.2 wt% for MWCNT/PS-2, and 3.0 wt% for MWCNT/PS-3 composites.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2017

In this work, we fabricated PS-b-P4VP block copolymer membranes from self-assembly and non-solvent induced phase separation (SNIPS), which combines the block copolymer self-assembly and conventional NIPS process. While previous studies mostly focused on the fabrication of well-defined structures, we systematically examined various processing parameters such as polymer concentration, solvent evaporation duration, solvent composition, and humidity, to optimized the membrane structures. As a result, the morphology of PS-b-P4VP membranes was optimized at a certain polymer concentration in solution and composition of volatile solvent at low humidity conditions, resulting in SNIPS separation membranes with well-defined nanopores on the surface, 75% of membrane porosity, and 18% of surface porosity.