• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.739-743
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• 2003

New quaternary compounds $ANb_2PS_{10}$ (A = Na, Ag) and $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$ were synthesized and characterized. The structures of three compounds consist of one-dimensional infinite chains built by [$Nb_2S_{12}$] and [$PS_4$] units. Cation atoms are occupied within the van der Waals gap of sulfur atoms between infinite chains to make -S…$M^+$…S- contacts. There is only one Au atom site and so crystallographically a unit cell contains four equivalent Au atoms in $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$. This is only the half of the numbers of Na or Ag atoms in $NaNb_2PS_{10}$ or $AgNb_2PS_{10}$. The ratio between $Nb_2PS_{10}$ matrix vs the cation is, therefore, 1 : 1 for Ag and Na, but it is 2 : 1 for Au. Mixed valency in Au or Nb was expected to balance the charge in the latter compound. The electronic structures calculated based on the extended Huckel tight-binding method show that $ANb_2PS_{10}$ (A = Ag, Na) are semiconducting, while $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$ is metallic, which is not consistent with the experimental results of these three compounds that all exhibit semiconducting property. The result of calculation suggests that $AuNb_4P_2S_{20}$ might be a magnetic insulator. Magnetic measurement experiment exactly proved that the compound is a Slater antiferromagnetic material with the Neels' temperature of 45 K. It is recognized, therefore, that electronic structure analysis is very useful to understand the properties of compounds.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2012

본 연구는 건강 기능성 식품으로서 기호도가 점차 높아지고 있는 호박 중 동양계 호박($Cucurbita$ $moschata$ $Duch.$)의 멧돌호박과 서양계 호박($Cucurbita$ $maxima$ $Duch.$)인 단호박을 이용하여 간편식 형태의 분말 호박 수프를 제조하여 이에 대한 기계적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 분말 호박 수프의 점도는 멧돌호박 분말이 단호박 분말보다 첨가 비율이 높을수록 높은 점도를 나타내었으며, 당도는 점도와는 반대로 단호박 분말 첨가비율이 높을수록 높은 당도를 나타내었다. 색도는 멧돌호박 분말과 단호박 분말의 첨가 비율에 따른 일정한 경향을 나타내지는 않았으며, 명도는 PS2, 적색도는 PS3, 황색도는 PS1이 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 정량적 묘사 분석을 통한 관능적 평가를 한 결과 두 종류의 호박 첨가 비율에 따른 색, 윤기, 호박냄새의 강도는 PS3가 가장 높은 평가를 나타내었으며, 단맛의 강도는 PS1이 가장 높은 평가를 나타내었고, 짠맛의 강도는 PS4가 가장 높은 평가를 나타내었다. 기호도 검사를 통한 관능적 평가에서는 외관, 향, 색, 맛, 농도, 입안의 감촉 및 종합적 기호도 등 모든 평가 대상에서 PS3가 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 멧돌호박 분말과 단호박 분말의 배합 비율에 따른 분말 호박 수프의 제조 시 PS3 시료가 기계적 및 관능적 특성에서 가장 우수한 결과를 보여 멧돌호박 분말 75%, 단호박 분말 25%의 배합 비율로 제조하는 것이 가장 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2014

탭 딜레이(tapped delay) 방식은 field-programmable gate arrary(FPGA) 내부 리소스를 이용한 설계에 적합하여 FPGA기반 시간-디지털 변환기(time-to-digital converter)로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그런데 이 방식의 시간-디지털 변환기에서는 지연 소자로 사용하는 전용 캐리체인(dedicated carry chain)의 탭 당 지연시간 차이가 정밀도 저하의 가장 큰 원인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 일반적인 구형파 대신 고정된 시간 폭을 가지는 펄스신호를 지연 소자로 인가하고 상승과 하강 엣지에서 두 번의 시간 측정을 통해 전용 캐리체인내 지연시간의 불균일성을 보상하고 정밀도를 향상하는 시간-디지털 변환기 구조를 제안한다. 제안한 구조는 두 번의 시간 측정을 위해 2개 구역의 전용 캐리체인을 필요로 한다. Dual 엣지 보상 전 두 전용 캐리체인에서 탭 당 지연시간의 평균은 각각 17.3 ps, 16.7 ps에서 보상 후 평균은 11.2 ps, 10.1 ps으로 감소하여 각각 35%, 39% 이상 향상되었다. 가장 중요한 탭 당 최대지연 시간은 41.4 ps, 42.1 ps에서 20.1 ps, 20.8 ps 로 50% 이상 감소하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1482-1489
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of polysaccharides from Salicornia herbacea on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Crude polysaccharides from S. herbacea (CS) were prepared by extraction with hot steam water, and fine polysaccharides from S. herbacea (PS) were obtained through further size exclusion chromatography. The anti-proliferative effect of CS and PS were measured using the MTS assay, apoptosis analysis, cell cycle analysis, and RT-PCR. HT-29 cells were treated with CS or PS at different dosages (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg $ml^{-1}$) for 24 or 48 h. CS and PS inhibited proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC and PI staining revealed that treatment with CS or PS increased total apoptotic death of cells to 24.99% or 91.59%, respectively, in comparison with the control (13.51 %). PS increased early apoptotic death substantially - up to 12 times more than the control. Treatment with CS or PS resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of the G2/M cell population of the cell cycle as determined by flow cytometry. G2/M arrest was induced significantly with the highest concentration (4 mg $ml^{-1}$) of PS. RT-PCR was performed to study the correlation between G2/M arrest and transcription of cell cycle control genes. The anti-proliferative activity of CS and PS was accompanied by inhibition of cyclin B1, and Cdc 2 mRNA. Moreover, both CS and PS induced expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and the Cdk inhibitor p21. These results suggest that polysaccharides from S. herbacea have anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2024

Purpose: Recently, high-protein diets have become highly popular, and the market for protein products has steadily increased in Korea together with the development of various types of such products. However, there is limited information on the consumption of protein supplements (PS) or protein-fortified foods (PF). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of PS/PF among young adults in Jeju. Methods: A total of 350 adults (140 men and 210 women) aged 19-39 years voluntarily participated in this study from June 2022 to May 2023. PS/PF use was measured using a questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Results: Approximately 31.4% of the participants (n = 110) had consumed PS/PF for more than 2 weeks during the past year and 71.8% of them (n = 79) were still consuming these products (PS/PF consumers). The PS/PF consumers tended to be male and physically active (p < 0.05 for all). The most frequent reason for PS/PF use was muscle gain (59.5%), followed by protein supplementation (19.0%) and body fat loss (13.9%), and the most frequent type of PS/PF consumed was powders (70.6%), followed by drinks (17.7%) and bars (8.8%). The PS/PF consumers tended to consume a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet compared to the non-consumers. The prevalence of consuming dietary protein less than the estimated average requirement (EAR) was significantly lower in PS/PF consumers (13.9%) compared to non-consumers (25.4%; p = 0.0316). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the necessity of protein supplementation should be determined based on the current dietary protein intake and individual requirements. The study also provides the basic information for establishing guidelines for appropriate protein intake.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.194-201
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• 1997

The hepatoprotective activity of six extracts (BE, EE, HH, PS-1, PS-2, KP) from Artimisia iwayomogi was investigated against experimentally produced hepatic damages. Silymarin, DDB and UDCA were used as reference compounds. Treatment with PS-1 extract reduced hepatic demages induced by $CCl_4$, acetaminophen and ANIT but it did not alter ethionine-induced hepatotoxicity In addition, PS-1 extract showed a protective effect against chronic $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity as well as liver regeneration. PS-2 and KP extracts exhibited significant antihepatotoxic effects on D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis. Treatment with EE extract inhibited ethionine-induced fatty liver. These data indicate that the PS-1 extract is the roost hepato-protective constituent and rationalize the traditional use of this plant in hepatobiliary disorders.

• 유변학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1997

PS/PPO 블렌등의 동적 탄성율 E*($\omega$)와 동적 스트레인-광학계수 O*($\omega$)을 유리전이 영역에서 동시에 측정하여, PS/PPO 3종류조성블렌드의 E*($\omega$)와 O*($\omega$)완화거동을 조성 단 일 중합체와 비교고찰하였다. PS/PPO 블렌드의 $\alpha$-분산 점탄성 거동은 조성에 관계없이 거 의 유사하여 조성 고분자가 상호 협동적으로 완화하는 것을 알수 있었다. 그러나 광학적 완 화 스펙트럼 O*($\omega$)는 정성적으로 명확히 다른 거동을 보였다. 단일 PS와 PPO의 O*($\omega$)는 전 영역에 걸쳐 상반된 부로를 나타냈으며 두 고분자의 블렌드는 조성고분자의 반대부호를 상호보상으로 인하여 복굴절이 감소하였다. 3종류블렌드는 PPO의 조성이 증가함에 따라 상 호보상에 의해 O*($\omega$)의부호가 순차적으로 변하여 반전하였으며, 저 복굴절 PS/PPO 블렌드 의 PS조성이 65-80wt% 범위내에 있음을 추정할수 있었다. 상이한 부호를 갖는 복굴절 특 성으로 인하여 블렌드 내에서 각 성분 고분자의 완화 기여를 다순 가성법칙에 의해 정량적 으로 계산하는 것이 가능하였다. 또한 PS/PPO 블렌드의 상용성을 광학적 부분 기여 파라메 터를 사용하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2016

Carbonyl iron (CI) is successfully incorporated as an additive into a polystyrene (PS) matrix via a highenergy ball milling method, under an n-hexane medium with volume fractions between 1% and 5% for electromagnetic interference shielding applications by the combination of magnetic CI and an insulating PS matrix. The morphology and the dispersion of CI are investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, which indicates a uniform distribution of CI in the PS matrix after 2 h of milling. The thermal behavior results indicate no significant degradation of the PS when there is a slight increase in the onset temperature with the addition of CI powder, when compared to the as-received PS pellet. After milling, there are no interactions between the CI and the PS matrix, as confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. In this study, the milled CI-PS powder is extruded to make filaments, and can have potential applications in the 3-D printing industry.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

The removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in aqueous solution by coupled electro-oxidation and Fe(II) activated persulfate oxidation process was investigated. The electrochemical oxidation was performed using carbon sheet electrode and persulfate using Fe(II) ion as an activator. The oxidation efficiency was investigated by varying current density (2 - 10 mA/㎠), electrolyte (Na2SO4) concentration (10 - 100 mM), persulfate concentration (5 - 20 mM), and Fe(II) concentration (10 - 20 mM). The 2,4-D removal efficiency was in the order of Fe(II) activated persulfate-assisted electrochemical oxidation (Fe(II)/PS/ECO, 91%) > persulfate-electrochemical oxidation (PS/ECO, 51%) > electro-oxidation (EO, 36%). The persulfate can be activated by electron transfer in PS/ECO system, however, the addition of Fe(II) as an activator enhanced 2,4-D degradation in the Fe(II)/PS/ECO system. The 2,4-D removal efficiency was not affected by the initial pHs (3 - 9). The presence of anions (Cl- and HCO3-) inhibited the 2,4-D removal in Fe(II)/PS/ECO system due to scavenging of sulfate radical. Scavenger experiment using tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and methanol (MeOH) confirmed that although both sulfate (SO4•-) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals existed in Fe(II)/PS/ECO system, hydroxyl radical (SO4•-) was the predominant radical.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 1997

The effects of various intensity of W-B on barley seeding were investigated by PS I and II activities and chlorophyll fluorescence. The Inhibitory effect of UV-B radiation on electron transport activity was Increased as the intensity of UV-B Irradiation was increased. Especially, PS I is more sensitive to UV-B radiation than PS I is. By the addition of uncle electron donor, DPC, to the chloroplasts of the barley seedlings treated with UV-B, the photoreduction of DCPIP was recovered by only 1 IBI on electron transport activity. However, the activity of PS II was Inhibited by 45% by the treatment with UV-B, but recovered it only 11% by the addition of DPC. These suggest that other sites besides the oxidation site of PS II may be affected more by UV-B Irradiation. As the intensify of UV-B was Increased, Fo was Increased while Fv was decreased, and thus Fv/Fm was decreased. This means that photochemical efficiency was reduced. With this parameters, it might be that UV-B radiation affected adversely to around PS II.