• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 1997

Pigments and thylakoid membrane proteins were investigated in wild type and PS I- mutants from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Comparing morphological features, B2 was less fluorescent than the other strains. The contents of chlorophyll a were propotional to the FNR activity in thylakoid membrane. The FNR activity of mutants was lower than that of wild type. In the result of pigments analysis, mutants had smaller cholophyll a than that of wild type. The major carotenoid was found to he $\beta$-caroene, but aeaxanthin was barely detected in thylakoid membrane of mutants. The polypeptide, 14.8kD was detected by electrophoresis in mutants. It was considered to be the modification of 15.4kD in wild type. Membrane polypeptides of 17.6 and 19.7kD were not detected in mutants. In the result of western blotting, subunit I was detected in all strains, but subunit II was barely detected in mutants. Subunit II was not detected in B2 at all. In view of the results so far achieved, the changes of contents of chlorophyll and zeaxanthin were affected by the defficiency or modification of functional domain in subunit I. Also the modification in subunit I affected the subunit II- binding site in PS I. As the result, efficiency of photosynthesis was decreased. Key words: Synechoystis sp. PCC6803, PS I - mutant, Photosynthetic efficiency, Pigment,Thylakoid membrane proteins, Subunit I, II.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 1993

In Tris-iso-butanol (TIB; Tris buffer pH 8.8 and 1% iso-butanol)-treated chloroplasts, oxygen evolving activity was more inhibited than Tris-treated chloroplasts, but restored highly by 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) and photoreactivation. To understand the mechanism of this results of TIB in photosynthetic electron transport, system, oxygen consumption and evolution of PS I and PS II were measured and protein of the chloroplasts was analysed. In Tris- and TIB-treated chloroplasts, oxygen evolving activity was increased according to the light intensity. Under 48 W·m-2 light intensity, the oxygen evolving activity in both chloroplasts were similar but as the light intensity was increased, TIB-treated chloroplasts showed higher activity. Under 240 W·m-2 light intensity, TIB-treated chloroplasts showed about 25% higher oxygen evolving activity than Tris-treated chloroplasts. Oxygen evolving activity was increased after photoreactivation in both Tris-treated and TIB-treated chloroplasts. Addition of NH4Cl increased the activity in both chloroplasts but in TIB-treated chloroplasts the increase was 30% higher than that in Tris-treated chloroplasts. In PS I, oxygen evolving activity was not inhibited by both treatments whereas in PS II, significant difference was observed between two treatments. Addition of Mn2+ and Ca2+ enhanced oxygen evolution in both Tris- and TIB-treated chloroplasts. Though enhancement was higher in TIB-treated chloroplasts. No difference was observed n protein analysis of the two thylakoid membrane.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.256-261
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• 2011

In this paper, a variable optical signal delay line based on coupled ring resonators is designed and fabricated in high-index contrast polymer material. The free spectral ranges (FSR) of the rings are designed to be 100 GHz, and 8 coupled rings are used. When two rings near a bus waveguide are in resonance, the optical delay is measured to be about 100 ps. When four rings are in resonance, the measured delay is about 180 ps. Both are close to the theoretical calculations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.859-867
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose some parallel structures of the word-based nonlinear combining functions in word-based stream cipher, high-speed versions of general (bit-based) nonlinear combining functions. Especially, we propose the high-speed structures of popular four kinds in word-based nonlinear combiners using by PS-WFSR (Parallel-Shifting or Parallel-Structured Word-based FSR): m-parallel word-based nonlinear combiner without memory, m-parallel word-based nonlinear combiner with memories, m-parallel word-based nonlinear filter function, and m-parallel word-based clock-controlled function. In addition, we propose an implementation example of the m-parallel word-based DRAGON stream cipher, and determine its cryptographic security and performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2010

광 결정 발광 다이오드를 제작하는데 있어서 문제가 되는, 표면 비 발광 재결합을 줄이기 위해서 $(NH_4)_2S_x$ 패시베이션 효과를 연구하였고, 실제 소자를 공정하였다. $(NH_4)_2S_x$ 패시베이션의 영향을 알아보기 위해서, GaAs 기판위에 10쌍 다중 양자 우물 구조를 가진, 에피탁시를 이용하여 광 결정 다이오드를 제작하였고, 그 후 패시베이션 처리를 하였다. 광 결정 격자 상수는 600 nm 였고, 전자 빔 노광기법을 이용하여 패턴을 만들었다. 패시베이션효과는 시분해 발광 측정을 이용하여 캐리어 라이프 타임의 변화를 통해 확인 할 수 있었다. 광 결정 구조가 없는 발광 다이오드에서의 라이프 타임은 2206 ps였고, 광 결정 구조를 가진 발광다이오드에서의 라이프타임은 831ps였다. 이는 식각된 구멍의 표면에서 비 발광 재결합이 증가했다는 것을 의미한다. 패시베이션 처리된 광 결정 발광다이오드의 라이프 타임은 1560 ps 으로 광 결정 구조의 표면에서 발생된 비 발광 표면 재결합이 상당히 줄었음을 알 수 있다. 상용 에피탁시에 실제 소자에 적용 가능한 광 결정 발광 다이오드를 제작하였다. 상용 에피탁시는 20쌍의 다중 양자우물과, 16쌍의 Distributed Bragg Reflector를 가진 구조이다. 이 상용 에피탁시에 광 결정 구조를 만들기 위해서 니켈 크롬 (NiCr) 마스크를 사용하였고, 기존 식각 시간보다 세배 길어진 식각 시간을 달성하였다.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2001

Objective : This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of Persicae Semen(PS) and Caesalpiniae Lignum(CL) on the intravascular coagulation which is considered as thrombosis. Methods : Rats were pretreated orally with PS and CL extracts(PS: 8.45mg/100g, CL: 4.4mg/100g), and 1 hour later, to induce thrombosis, were given an endotoxin(0.01mg/100g) injection into the caudal vein. After 4hours we collected blood by cardiac puncture and measured the platelet count, the prothrombin time, the level of fibrinogen and the FDP(fibrinogen degradation product). Results : PS and CL supressed the decrease of the Platelet count and the prolongation of prothrombin time. In these factors, both groups showed significant effect. Both groups supressed the decrease of the fibrinogen level and the increase of the FDP level. But, only the PS group showed a significant effect on the fibrinogen level, and only the Cle CL group showed a significant effect on FDP level. Conclusions : PS had significant effects on the platelet count, the prothrombin time, and the FDP level. CL had significant effects on the platelet count, the prothrombin time, and the fibrinogen level. Therefore, PerSicae Semen and Caesalpiniae Lignum seem to be applicable to treating the diseases related to thrombosis.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2006

In this paper, we proposed an optical true time-delay (TTD) for planar phased array antennas (PAAs), which is composed of a wavelength-dependent optical true time delay (WDOTTD) followed by a wavelength-independent optical true time delay (WIOTTD). The WDOTTD is a fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) Prism and the WDOTTD is a fiber delay-lines matrix of which each component consists of a certain length of fiber connected to cross-ports of a 2${\times}$2 MEMS switch. A 10-GHz 2-bit${\times}$4-bit two-dimensional optical TTD has been fabricated by cascading a WDOTTD with a maximum time delay of 810 ps to a WIOTTD of $\pm$50 ps. Time delay and insertion loss for each radiation angle have been measured. Time delay error for the WIOTTD has been measured to be less than $\pm$1 ps. We have also designed a two-dimensional 10-GHz PAA composed of 8${\times}$8 microstrip patch antenna elements driven by the proposed TTD. The radiation patterns of this PAA have been obtained by simulation and analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

In order to investigate effects if loess on the mycellial pellet formation a phosphate-solubilizing fungus. Aspergillus sp. PS-104 was cultured in potato dextrose broth containing loess. The strain formed an amorphous pellet or loose aggregates agitated at a low speed (50 rpm) while spherical and regular pellets at a high speed (150 rpm) The higher concentration of loess was added, the smaller size of a pellet was formed during the submerged culture of the strain. As shown in results, being cultured in the PDB medium supplemented with 1.0% loess the pellet size was maximally reduced to a fourth compared to the control. Evaluating the addition effect of several components of loess such as $SiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Al_2O_3$, $CaCO_3$, $CaSO_4$ and $MgCO_3$ on the reduction of mycellial pellet size the higher concentration was supplied, the smaller size of pellet was formed except $Al_2O_3$. And the smallest pellet size was recorded at the concentration of 1.0% (W/V) magnesium carbonate.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2017

Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which is combining with Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken experimental design, was applied to optimize the ratios of the nutrient components for carotenoid production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides PS-24 in liquid state fermentation. Nine nutrient ingredients containing yeast extract, sodium acetate, NaCl, $K_2HPO_4$, $MgSO_4$, mono-sodium glutamate, $Na_2CO_3$, $NH_4Cl$ and $CaCl_2$ were finally selected for optimizing the medium composition based on their statistical significance and positive effects on carotenoid yield. Box-Behnken design was employed for further optimization of the selected nutrient components in order to increase carotenoid production. Based on the Box-Behnken assay data, the secondary order coefficient model was set up to investigate the relationship between the carotenoid productivity and nutrient ingredients. The important factors having influence on optimal medium constituents for carotenoid production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides PS-24 were determined as follows: yeast extract 1.23 g, sodium acetate 1 g, $NH_4Cl$ 1.75 g, NaCl 2.5 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 2 g, $MgSO_4$ 1.0 g, mono-sodium glutamate 7.5 g, $Na_2CO_3$ 3.71 g, $NH_4Cl$ 3.5g, $CaCl_2$ 0.01 g, per liter. Maximum carotenoid yield of 18.11 mg/L was measured by confirmatory experiment in liquid culture using 500 L fermenter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 1996

During the monsoon in Bangladesh, the possibility of preserving wet ($700g\;H_2O$) straw by urea (50 g/kg straw DM) with or without polythene cover has been studied. The quality of preserved straw (PS) in terms of colour, smell and fungal infestation were recorded. Nutritive value of the PS was compared to that of a dry straw (DS) in two separate feeding trials on growing bulls (about 290 kg) without (Expt. 1) or with (Expt. 2) concentrate supplements. Over 96% of the wet straw was excellently preserved for over 5 months when covered with polythene in horizontal heaps (of appx. 4 tons). Whereas only 33% of the straw was well preserved in the uncovered (dome shaped) heaps (of approximately 9.5 tons). Each ton of wet straw costed Tk. 1413 and its preservation cost incurred Tk. 345. Urea preservation increased the crude protein content (95 vs. 50 g/kg), dry matter (DM) degradability at all (8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96) hours of incubation and at 48 hours, DM degradability (%) were 45 and 25 respetively for the PS and the DS. When fed alone, DM intake (75 vs. $106g/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$), total microbial N yield (27 vs. 54 g/d) and growth rate (-379 vs. 283 g/d) were higher (p < 0.01) in the PS than the DS. Supplementation of concentrate reduced the straw DM intake both in the DS ($51g/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$) and the PS ($958g/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$), but the substitution rate (SR%) was higher in the PS (42) than the DS (27). Higher substitution rate was probably responsible for the reduction in the differences between the DS and PS in their nutrient digestibilities, total microbial N yield (62 vs. 64 g/d) and growth rate(669 vs 339 g/d) when supplemented with concentrate. On 28th day of Expt. 2, feeding PS from one of the polythene covered heaps resulted nervous disorder due to unknown reason(s). Further studies on the effect of size and shape of heap on the preservation quality need to be determined.