• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2017

Inflorescence architecture mainly contributes to final grain yield in crops. Sorghum inflorescence is basically composed of one fertile sessile spikelet (SS) and two infertile pedicellate spikelets (PS). To identify regulatory factors involved in the inflorescence architecture, we screened an EMS mutagenesis population from the pedigreed sorghum mutant library. We found inflorescent architecture mutants, named as multi-seed mutants, msd, with gained fertile ability in PS and also an increased number of floral branches. In natural sorghum populations, it is not common that are fertile. A detailed dissection of developmental stages of wild type and msd1 mutant described that the PS in wild type do not have floral organs, including ovary, stigma, filament and anther, while the msd1 mutants generate intact floral organ in the sessile spikelet. We found MSD1 encoded a TCP transcription factor using bulk segregant analysis (BSA) of F2 population, and was a strongly enriched expression during inflorescence developmental stages. We proposed that MSD1 functions to suppress floral organ maintenance at PS during inflorescence development in Sorghum. To explore the regulatory network associated with PS fertility, whole genome expression profiling was performed at 4 different developmental stages in 6 various tissue types between wild type and msd1. Taken together, we demonstrated that MSD1 was involved in the plant hormone and maybe influenced program cell death in PS via the activation of plant hormonal pathway.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.81-87
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• 2015

Soda-AQ pulp made from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were bleached in element chlorine free (ECF) sequence. To reduce chlorine dioxide use, final peroxide bleaching was introduced. Prior to peroxide bleaching, different chelating chemicals were applied for comparative analysis in ISO brightness and viscosity. When using equal total chlorine dioxide usage (4.5%), bleached SCB pulp using chelate and hydrogen peroxide (DEDQP) was reached 86.8% (DTPA), 86.4% (EDTA) ISO brightness, whereas bleached pulp using only hydrogen peroxide (DEDP) reached at 81.2% ISO brightness. Viscosity of DEDQP bleached pulp was 25.6 cPs (DTPA), 25.2 cPs (EDTA), And DEDP bleached pulp was shown 18.0 cPs viscosity. Decreasing of transition metal by chelate process led to improvements in final brightness along with higher viscosity. Due to EDTA is 5-7 times cheaper than DTPA, EDTA is recommended as chelating chemical prior to peroxide bleaching.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2007

In the previous study, the anti-oxidant activity of extract/fraction of Sueada asparagoides (SA) was investigated and the results showed that the ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction and its aglycone fraction had the best performance on the free radical scavenging activity, reactive oxygen species scavenging (ROS) activity and cell protective activity (J. Soc. Cosme. Scientists Korea, 33(3), 145 (2007)). In this study, the stability of cream containing 0.3% SA EtOAc extract (called extract below) was evaluated. pH, viscosity and absorbance (363 nm) were measured under the 4 different temperatures ($0^{\circ}C,\;25{\circ}C,\;37{\circ}C\;and\;45{\circ}C$) and under the sun light at the 4 week intervals during the 12 weeks in total. The control cream without containing the extract did not show pH change under the different temperatures mentioned above. However, the pH of the cream the extract was decreased 0.08 at the temperature ranges of $0^{\circ}C\;to\;37^{\circ}C$. Under the $45^{\circ}C$ and sun light condition, the pH was decreased 0.51 and 0.66, respectively. The cream containing the extract did not show absorbance change at the temperature ranges of 0 to $37^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. Instead, the absorbance of the cream treated under $45^{\circ}C$ and sun light condition was decreased 7.6 % and 7.4 %, respectively. This decrease in absorbance is relatively small compared to the 48.3 % decrease of the extract sampled from the cream using ethanol solution. This indicates that the extract is stabilized in the cream. After treating the cream for 12 weeks under the different temperatures, the viscosity was measured for the cream containing the extract and control cream. The values were increased by 1,748 cPs in average compared to the initial value for the former and by 951 cPs in average for the latter. On the other hand, the viscosity of control cream treated under the sun light for 12 weeks was significantly decreased (4,022 cPs) relative to the cream containing the extract, which showed 2,484 cPs increase in viscosity. This indicates that the SA extract contributes to the stability of the emulsion product by protective effect to maintain the viscosity of the cream against sun light. In addition, any change in color or smell was not observed through 12 weeks of the experimental time period. Thus, it is concluded that it is still not clear in the stability of the cream containing the extract when it is stored for the long time. Accordingly, it is suggested that further study is needed to provide more information to the manufactures, who are seeking for the application of the extract to improve the anti-oxidant activity and stability of cosmetic products.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.11-17
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• 2004

This paper describes the implementation of monolithic optical transceiver circuitry being used as a part of the fiber optic modules. It has been fabricated in 0.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 2-poly 3-metal silicon CMOS analog technology and operates at 155.52 Mbps(STM-1) data rates. It drives laser diode to transmit intensity modulated optical signal according to 155.52 Mbps electrical data from system. Also, it receives 155.52 Mbps optical data that transmitted from other systems and converts it to electrical data using photo diode and amplifier. To avoid noise and interference between transmitter and receiver on one chip, layout techniques such as special placement, power supply separation, guard ring, and protection wall were used in the design. The die area is 4 ${\times}$ 4 $\textrm{mm}^2$, and it has 32.3 ps rms and 335.9 ps peak to peak jitter on loopback testing. the measured power dissipation of whole chip is 1.15 W(230 mW) with a single 5 V supply.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1257-1264
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• 2019

A 3-GSymbol/s/lane transceiver, which supports the mobile industry processor interface (MIPI) C-physical layer (PHY) specification version 1.1, is proposed. It performs channel mismatch correction to improve the signal integrity that is deteriorated by using three-level signals over three channels. The proposed channel mismatch correction is performed by detecting channel mismatches in the receiver and adjusting the delay times of the transmission data in the transmitter according to the detection result. The channel mismatch detection in the receiver is performed by comparing the phases of the received signals with respect to the pre-determined data pattern transmitted from the transmitter. The proposed MIPI C-PHY receiver is designed using a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process with 1.2 V supply voltage. The area and power consumption of each transceiver lane are 0.136 ㎟ and 17.4 mW/GSymbol/s, respectively. The proposed channel mismatch correction reduces the time jitter of 88.6 ps caused by the channel mismatch to 34.9 ps.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.259-262
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• 2012

This paper describes a delay-locked loop (DLL) that generates a 64-phase clock with the operating frequency of 125MHz. The proposed DLL use a $4{\times}8$ matrix-based delay line to improve the linearity of a delay line. The output clock with 64-phase is generated by using a CMOS multiplex and a inverted-based interpolator from 32-phase clock which is the output clock of the $4{\times}8$ matrix-based delay line. The circuit for an initial phase lock, which is independent on the duty cycle ratio of the input clock, is used to prevent from the harmonic lock of a DLL. The proposed DLL is designed using a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process with a 1.8 V supply. The simulated operating frequency range is 40 MHz to 200 MHz. At the operating frequency of a 125 MHz, the worst phase error and jitter of a 64-phase clock are +11/-12 ps and 6.58 ps, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.529-539
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• 1998

The effects of membrane surface charge originated from lipid head groups on ion channels were tested by analyzing the activity of single large conductance $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+$ (maxi K) channel from rat skeletal muscle. The conductances and open-state probability ($P_o$) of single maxi K channels were compared in three types of planar lipid bilayers formed from a neutral phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or two negatively-charged phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Under symmetrical KCl concentrations $(3{\sim}1,000\;mM)$, single channel conductances of maxi K channels in charged membranes were $1.1{\sim}1.7$ times larger than those in PE membranes, and the differences were more pronounced at the lower ionic strength. The average slope conductances at 100 mM KCl were $251{\pm}9.9$, $360{\pm}8.7$ and $356{\pm}12.4$ $(mean{\pm}SEM)$ pS in PE, PS and PI membranes respectively. The potentials at which $P_o$ was 1/2, appeared to have shifted left by 40 mV along voltage axis in the membranes formed with PS or PI. Such shift was consistently seen at pCa 5, 4.5, 4 and 3.5. Estimation of the effect of surface charge from these data indicated that maxi K channels sensed the surface potentials at a distance of $8{\sim}9\;{\AA}$ from the membrane surface. In addition, similar insulation distance ($7{\sim}9\;{\AA}$) of channel mouth from the bilayer surface charge was predicted by a 3-barrier-2-site model of energy profile for the permeation of $K^+$ ions. In conclusion, despite the differences in structure and fluidity of phospholipids in bilayers, the activities of maxi K channels in two charged membranes composed of PS or PI were strikingly similar and larger than those in bilayers of PE. These results suggest that the enhancement of conductance and $P_o$ of maxi channels is mostly due to negative charges in the phospholipid head groups.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 1995

Background: Flow cytometric study has been used to measure the DNA content of solid tumors for the last decade. DNA ploidy is an important property commonly measured by flow cytometry. The possibility to study archival paraffin-embedded tumors has hastened an appreciation of prognostic utility of this method. The aim of this study is to look for biologic prognostic indicator for survival time of patients with small cell carcinoma of lung in addition to the well known clinical prognostic factors. Method: DNA ploidy was measured by flow cytometric method using tumor cells isolated from paraffin embedded tissue. To evaluate the prognostic significance, DNA ploidy of small cell lung cancer was analysed in 42 patients who died after receiving anticancer chemotherapy. Results: 1) Mean survival time of all patients was 190(${\pm}156$) days. Survival time was shortened, when TNM stage and PS scale were advanced. 2) 62% of all patients was DNA aneuploidy. DNA ploidy had nothing to do with advance of TNM stage and PS scale. 3) Mean survival time of aneuploid tumor was significantly shorter($138{\pm}90$ days) than that of diploid tumors($272{\pm}197$ days).(p<0.001) 4) To exclude the influence of clinical prognostic factors such as TNM stage and PS scale, the analysis was restricted to subgroups of identical stage. We were able to find the same tendency. Conclusion: DNA ploidy is an independent prognostic factor in small cell lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

A fungus, Aspergillus sp. PS-104, with the high phosphate-solubilizing activities was isolated from Korean upland soil and formulated into a solid powder type with various additives. For the long-time preservation of conidia, some additives (Tween 80, SDS, Triton X-100, glucose, glycerol, corn oil, bio-ceramic, PEG 200, $Cu^{++}$, $Mo^{+++}$, $Fe^{++}$, $Ca^{++}$ and $Zn^{++}$) were supplemented in the rice-cooked hard medium with various concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0%). In case of surfactants. the highest relative viability of the Aspergillus sp. PS-104 conidia was recorded nearly to 80% by the addition of 0.01 to 0.1% Tween 80, while 50% in control. The number of conidia were found to be about 100 times higher when treated at 0.01 to 0.1% Tween 80 as compared to control. Relative viability of the conidia was decreased in order of Tween 80 $\geq$ SDS > Triton X-100 during the storage at $25^{\circ}C$. As regards the organic additives, the relative viability of Aspergillus sp. PS-104 conidia was also recorded nearly to 80% by the addition of 1.0% bio-ceramic, and 5.0% glucose and sucrose during the storage at $25^{\circ}C$. In case of metal ions, the relative viability of Aspergillus sp. PS-104 conidia was decreased in order of $Cu^{2+}>Ca^{2+}>Mo^{3+}>Zn^{2+}>Fe^{2+}$ during the storage at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 2013

The effect of CNT dispersion method on rheological and electrical properties of polystyrene/carbon nanotube (PS/CNT) nanocomposites via latex technology was compared. The nanocomposites were prepared through freeze-drying the dispersed suspension comprised of CNTs and PS particles. In this study, physical dispersion method, either sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) addition or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) wrapping, was employed to prevent the deterioration of intrinsic properties of CNT caused by chemical modification. The physical method applied to latex technology was very effective in CNT dispersion. With SDS addition, the enhancement of rheological properties was low compared to PVP wrapping because the properties of matrix were deteriorated due to the incorporation of low molecular weight SDS. The electrical percolation threshold of PS/SDS-stabilized CNT and PS/PVP-wrapped CNT nanocomposites was 0.23 and 0.90 wt%, respectively. The enhancement of electrical conductivity was low in the case of PVP wrapping because the non-conducting PVPs wrapped around CNT restricted the electrical connection between CNTs.