• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.26-39
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• 2014

전자 소자의 구리 금속 배선은 전해 도금을 포함한 다마신 공정을 통해 형성한다. 본 총설에서는 배선 형성을 위한 구리 전해 도금 및 수퍼필링 메카니즘에 대해 다루고자 한다. 수퍼필링 기술은 전해 도금의 전해질에 포함된 유기 첨가제의 영향에 의한 결과이며, 이는 유기 첨가제의 표면 덮임율을 조절하여 웨이퍼 위에 형성된 패턴의 바닥 면에서의 전해 도금 속도를 선택적으로 높임으로써 가능하다. 소자의 집적도를 높이기 위해 금속 배선의 크기는 계속적으로 감소하여 현재 그 폭이 수십 nm 수준으로 줄어들었다. 이러한 배선 폭의 감소는 구리 배선의 전기적 특성 감소, 신뢰성의 저하, 그리고 수퍼필링의 어려움 등 여러 가지 문제를 야기하고 있다. 본 총설에서는 상기 기술한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 구리의 미세 구조 개선을 위한 첨가제의 개발, 펄스 및 펄스-리벌스 전해 도금의 적용, 고 신뢰성 배선 형성을 위한 구리 기반 합금의 수퍼필링, 그리고 수퍼필링 특성 향상에 관한 다양한 연구를 소개한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.316-316
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• 2010

Thin films spin-coated from solvent solutions are characterized by solution parameters and spin-coating process. In this study, performance characteristics of polymer solar cells were investigated with changing solution parameters such as solvent and additives. The phase-separation between polymer and fullerene is needed to make the percolation pathway for better transportation of hole and electron in polymer solar cells. For this reason, cooperative effects of solvent mixtures adding additives with distinct solubility have been studied recently. In this study, chlorobezene, 1, 2-dichlorbenzene, and chloroform were used as solvent. 1, 8-diiodoctaned and 1, 8-octanedithiol were used as additives and were added into poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl)/[6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) blends. Pre-patterned ITO glass was cleaned using ultrasonication in mixed solvent with ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and acetone. PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on to the ITO substrate at 3000rpm and was baked at $120^{\circ}C$ for 10min on the hotplate. The prepared solution was spin-coated at 1000rpm and the spin-coated thin film was dried in the Petri dishes. Al electrode was deposited on the thin film by thermal evaporation. The devices were annealed at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30min. By adding 2.5 volume percent of additives into the chlorobenzene from that bulk heterojunction films consisting of P3HT/PCBM, the power efficiency (AM 1.5G conditions) was increased from 2.16% to 2.69% and 3.12% respectively. We have investigated the effect of additives in P3HT/PCBM blends and the film characteristics and the film characteristics including J-V characteristics, absorption, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to mainly depict the morphology control by doping additives.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2016

In order to improve the bonding efficiency of starch adhesives and water resistance of corrugated board, mixing ratio of additives dosage was changed and its effects were analyzed. When the additives dosage was increased, bonding strength, vertical compression strength, bursting strength and water resistance were increased, because of hydroxyl groups or acetyl groups in starch adhesives and cellulose fibers of corrugated board were cross-linked by additives. When 1.0% glyoxal dosage was added, flat crush strength and vertical compression strength were increased. With 1.5% glyoxal, bonding strength and bursting strength were increased. However, 2.0% glyoxal dosage was added, most of strength except bursting strength were decreased. Thus, when the appropriate amount of additives are added during corrugated board production process, increased bonding efficiency of starch adhesives and higher water resistance of corrugated board can be achieved.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 1988

A Study on the effect of the additives in lubricating oil was investigated on the basis of the thermal activated wear theory in terms of their wear behaviours, using four ballwear machine. The sample oils, which included diethyl-3, 5-di-t-butyi-4-hydroxy-benzyl phosphonate (DEP), ZDDP and TCP additives respectively, showed distinct wear characteristics depending upon the bulk oil temperature and the sliding velocity. The newly synthesized additive, viz., DEP showed excellent antiwear performance cornpared with the conventional additives, ZDDP and TCP. On the basis of the experimental results, it is reduced that the wear mechanism of the conventional additives, viz., ZDDP and TCP is the protective film formation and their antiwear capability is depending upon the shearing strength of the film formed. On the other hand, the new additive, DEP showed that the secondary activation energy was much eliminated and so, the thermal instability was reduced by the hydrogen scavenging reaction of the new additive, which was virtually an endothermic reaction process.In conclusion, a new concept of antiwear mechanism is estabilished and testified. And new chemical, which showed the function of hydrogen and free radical scavenging role, is synthesized and introduced as the new, highly antiwear effective lubricating oil additive.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2000

The possibility of buckwheat-wheat flour mixture as bread was studied by adding 10, 20, and 30% of buckwheat to wheat flour. To improve bread-making quality of the mixture, gluten, ascorbic acid, and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were added to 30% buckwheat-wheat flour and sensory evaluation was also exercised on it. The weight of bread increased but the volume of that decreased as the percentage of buckwheat to wheat flour increased, and improved bread-making quality by adding gluten, ascorbic acid, HPMC to 30% buckwheat-wheat composite flour. When it comes to color, color of the bread got darker as the percentage of buckwheat increased, got brighter when gluten and HPMC were added and showed little difference when ascorbic acid was added. Texture of bread increased in maximum weight, strength, hardness but decreased in springiness and cohesiveness. The use of additives showed influence to the some results. In terms of the aging process, enthalpy increased with storage time, and it could be slowed down by the use of the additives. The sensory evaluation shwoed that 10% buckwheat-wheat bread was most excellent, 20% bread was similar to other bread made from wheat flour, and the bread made by mixing additives were better than just 30% buckwheat-wheat flour in terms of quality.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.818-823
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• 2002

전통적인 유과제조공정에서 반데기의 성형, 건조, 수분조절과 부재료의 첨가가 유과의 특성에 미치는 영향을 결정하였다. 반데기의 숙성에 따른 반데기의 페이스트 점도는 숙성기간 2일에 최대점도 300 RVU이였고 숙성기간이 길어질수록 최대점도가 감소하였다. 수침을 거친 반데기의 기공은 내부에 균일하게 분포되어 있었으나 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따른 크기와 분포의 변화는 없었다. 전통적인 유과제조 공정으로 제조한 반데기의 최적 수분함량 $14{\sim}17%$에서 튀겼을 때 팽화도와 조직감은 좋았다. 유과원료의 부재료로 대두즙과 소주를 첨가한 찹쌀반죽으로 제조한 반데기를 튀긴 유과의 팽화도와 조직감이 우수하였다. 소주는 유과의 팽화에 영향을 미치고 대두즙은 조직감을 부드럽게 하였다. 유과(유탕팽화 펠릿)의 내부에는 큰 기공이 분포하며 외부에는 작은 기공이 세밀하게 분포되어 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2020

In this study, we developed plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process for aluminum 7075 alloy to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties. The electrolyte consists of potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Additionally, sodium stannate was added into the electrolyte to investigate its effect on PEO film formation. Titanium was used as the counter electrode. Plasma generation voltage reduced from 300V to 150 V by adding 4 g/L of sodium stannate. The thin oxide films were observed by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy)/EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) for quantitative and qualitative analyses. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XRF (X-ray Fluorescences) analyses were also carried out to identify oxide layer on aluminum 7075 surface. Vicker's hardness test was performed on the PEO-treated aluminum 7075 surface.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 1997

An In-line dry scrubbing FGD process was investigated. Calcium hydroxide was entrained in flue gas and the SO$_2$ removal efficiency by humidity and additives were examined. The range of reaction temperature was $200^{\circ}C$~$500^{\circ}C$ and the concentration of $SO_2$ was around 900ppm. By the increase of humidity in flue gas, the removal efficiency was increased. The effect of NaOH as a additive was very high and got high conversion of $Ca(OH)_2$, however in case of RH 90%, it was reverse. The effect of particle size and flow rate were examined. And the reaction rate constant and effective diffusivity also calculated.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.46-46
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• 2001

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2000년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.142-142
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• 2000