• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

IL-12 is a secretory heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. IL-12 p35 and p40 subunits are sometimes produced as monomers or homodimers. IL-12 is also produced as a membrane-bound form in some cases. In this study, we hypothesized that the membrane-bound form of IL-12 subunits may function as a costimulatory signal for selective activation of TAA-specific CTL through direct priming without involving antigen presenting cells and helper T cells. MethA fibrosarcoma cells were transfected with expression vectors of membrane-bound form of IL-12p35 (mbIL-12p35) or IL-12p40 subunit (mbIL-12p40) and were selected under G418-containing medium. The tumor cell clones were analyzed for the expression of mbIL-12p35 or p40 subunit and for their stimulatory effects on macrophages. The responsible T-cell subpopulation for antitumor activity of mbIL-12p35 expressing tumor clone was also analyzed in T cell subset-depleted mice. Expression of transfected membranebound form of IL-12 subunits was stable during more than 3 months of in vitro culture, and the chimeric molecules were not released into culture supernatants. Neither the mbIL-12p35-expressing tumor clones nor mbIL-12p40-expressing tumor clones activated macrophages to secrete TNF-${\alpha}$. Growth of mbIL-12p35-expressing tumor clones was more accelerated in the $CD8^+$ T cell-depleted mice than in $CD4^+$ T cell-depleted or normal mice. These results suggest that $CD8^+$ T cells could be responsible for the rejection of mbIL-12p35-expressing tumor clone, which may bypass activation of antigen presenting cells and $CD4^+$ helper T cells.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.252-257
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• 1983

버어리종 대말림시 백화엽발생을 방지하고 건조기간을 단축하기 위하여 시험을 수행하였던 바, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건조실내 온도는 흑색비닐피복구 및 환기창이용구가 관행구보다 $3^{\circ}C$정도 높았으며, 탈수속도는 환기창이용구가 훨씬 빨랐다. 2. 백화엽발생율은 완전대말림구가 높았고, 지면을 30cm 판 처리가 낮았다. 3. 수량감소는 완전대말림구가 컸다. 4. 품질 및 대금은 환기창이용구 및 지면을 30cm판 구가 높았다. 5. 물리성은 줄말림용 차광막처리가 비교적 양호하였다. 6. 백화엽발생을 억제하기 위하여는 첫째, 본포에서 치마름엽과 과숙엽을 방지하고, 둘째, 하위엽은 1-2회 수확한 후 대베기를 실시하며, 셋째, 갈변후에는 건조기간을 단축시키기 위한 온습도관리에 유의해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 7. 버어리종 담배의 물리성을 향상시키면서 건조중 백화의 원인이 되는 산소 및 수분과의 반응을 억제시킬 수 있는 방법에 대하여는 앞으로 더욱 검토가 요구된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.348-358
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• 2007

Metallothionein, a cysteine-rich stress response protein that is naturally induced by a variety of immunologic stressors, has been shown to suppress autoimmune disorders through mechanisms not yet fully defined. In the present study, we examined the underlying mechanisms by which metallothionein might mediate such regulation of autoimmunity. $Na\ddot{i}ve\;CD4^+$ T cells from metallothionein-deficient mice differentiated to produce significantly less IL-10, $TGF-{\gamma}$, and repressor of GATA, but more $IFN-{\gamma}$ and T-bet, when compared with those from wild-type mice. The levels of IL-4 and GATA-3 production were not different between the two groups of mice. Conversely, treatment with exogenous metallothionein during the priming phase drove $na\ddot{i}ve$ wild-type $CD4^+\;T$ cells to differentiate into cells producing more IL-10 and $TGF-{\beta}$, but less $IFN-{\gamma}$ than untreated cells. Metallothionein-primed cells were hyporesponsive to restimulation, and suppressive to T cell proliferation in an IL-10-dependent manner. Lymphocytes from metallothionein-deficient mice displayed significantly elevated levels of AP-1 and JNK activities in response to stimulation compared with those from wild-type controls. Importantly, transgenic mice overexpressing metallothionein exhibited significantly reduced susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis and enhanced IL-10 level in the serum, relative to their nontransgenic littermates. Taken together, these data suggest that metallothionein is able to promote the generation of IL-10-and $TGF-{\beta}$-producing type 1 regulatory T-like cells by downregulating JNK-dependent AP-1 activity. Thus, metallothionein may play an important role in the regulation of Th1-dependent autoimmune arthritis, and may represent both a potential target for therapeutic manipulation and a critical element in the diagnostic assessment of disease potential.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.3819-3828
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 중의어 중 한 가지 유형인 한국어 동철이음어의 처리 과정의 탐색을 통해 단어를 이해하는 과정에서 논쟁이 되고 있는 형태(표기 및 음운) 정보와 의미 정보의 영향을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 선행 자극이 먼저 제시되고 목표 자극이 이후에 제시되는 점화 과제를 사용하여 형태와 의미 정보의 촉진 효과를 확인해 보았다. 실험 1에서는 동철이음어의 표기 및 음운 정보와 관련된 자극을 점화 자극으로 제시하였고 실험 2에서는 의미와 관련된 자극을 점화 자극으로 제시하여 단어/비단어 여부를 판단하는 어휘판단과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과 형태 관련 정보는 유의미한 영향을 주지 않았으나 의미 관련 정보는 단어 여부 판단을 빠르게 하는 촉진 효과를 보여 주었다. 이러한 결과는 동철이음어 처리 과정에서 형태 관련 정보에 비해 의미 관련 정보의 영향이 중요하게 작용하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.428-432
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• 2003

펠렛종자를 점파용 파종기로 이용하여 기계화 정밀파종 함으로써 나종자를 손 작업에 의존하여 파종하는 것보다 파종시간과 솎음시간을 각각 225시간 및 460시간 절감할 수 있었고, 종자량도 72% 절감 할 수 있었다. 인력에 의한 손 파종은 파종과 솎음작업에 1 ha당 720시간이 소요되었으나, 펠렛종자를 이용한 기계화 파종은 35시간에 불과하였다. 따라서 펠렛종자를 기계화 파종함으로써 나종자를 인력에 의존하여 파종하는 관행방법에 비해 파종과 솎음작업의 생력효과를 95% 이상 높일 수 있었다. 펠렛종자의 묘출현율은 무처리 종자보다 출현율이 8% 정도 낮았고 출현속도도 약 1.9일 정도 지연되었으나 35일 경과된 유묘의 초기생육에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 유묘출현 반응은 품종에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나, 펠렛종자는 나종자나 SMP 처리종자에 비해 출현율이 저하되었고 출현속도도 늦었다. 그러나 SMP 처리하여 종자활력을 증진시킨 후 펠렛하면 출현율도 향상되었고, 묘출현속도도 1일 정도 빨랐다.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.1.1-1.10
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• 2018

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are used extensively for cardiac repair and interact with immune cells in the damaged heart. Macrophages are known to be modulated by stem cells, and we hypothesized that priming macrophages with BMMSCs would enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Rat bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without coculture with rat BMCs. In the LPS-stimulated BMDMs, induction of the inflammatory marker iNOS was attenuated, and the anti-inflammatory marker Arg1 was markedly upregulated by coculture with BMMSCs. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in rats. One group was injected with BMMSCs, and a second group was injected with MIX (a mixture of BMMSCs and BMDMs after coculture). The reduction in cardiac fibrosis was greater in the MIX group than in the BMC group. Cardiac function was improved in the BMMSC group and was substantially improved in the MIX group. Angiogenesis was better in the MIX group, and anti-inflammatory macrophages were more abundant in the MIX group than in the BMMSC group. In the BMMSCs, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) was exclusively induced by coculture with macrophages. IRF5 knockdown in BMMSCs failed to suppress inflammatory marker induction in the macrophages. In this study, we demonstrated the successful application of BMDMs primed with BMMSCs as an adjuvant to cell therapy for cardiac repair.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2021

Purpose: This research aimed at exploring the functions of consumers' perceiving approach and avoidance roles and their feeling anger and disgust in the effect of the two types of self-discrepancy at social identity such as the ideal self-discrepancy and the ought self-discrepancy on within-self domain versus across-self domain consumption. Research design, data, and methodology - This study divided the self-discrepancy group into the ideal self-discrepancy and the ought self-discrepancy group as experimental groups for empirical study. Self-discrepancy type between-subjects design was used to develop two types of questionnaire according to the type of experimental groups. The platform, 'questionnaire stars' of 'WeChat' in China was used to collect 103 data from the ideal self-discrepancy group and 102 from the ought self-discrepancy group for empirical study. T-test and the structural equation model in Amos 21 were used to verify hypotheses developed through theoretical review. Results - First, ideal self-discrepancy positively affected the role-approaching goal and anger. Second, ought self-discrepancy positively affected the role-avoiding goal and disgust. Third, the role-approaching goal and anger positively influenced on the within- versus across- domain consumption. Fourth, the disgust negatively influenced on the within- versus across- domain consumption, however the role-avoiding goal did not influence on the consumption. Fifth, there was the mediation roles of anger (disgust) in the effects of ideal (ought) self-discrepancy on the consumption. Conclusions - When consumers feel anger at the ideal self- discrepancy induced by in-group, it is necessary for the marketers to promote their product brand used by the in-group. They should develop and advertise the messages priming the ideal self-discrepancy and the anger to increase the intent to purchase or use their product brand when the in-group members have used the brand by relating the brand to their social identity concerned with the ideal self-discrepancy. However, marketers should help consumers feel disgust by developing and advertising the messages expressing the ought self-discrepancy to lead the consumers to the place of purchasing or using their product brand when the members have used the brand based on keeping the consistence between the brand and other social identity not related to the ought self-discrepancy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2023

Filtered containment system is a passive safety system that controls the over-pressurization of containment in case of a design-based accidents by venting high pressure gaseous mixture, consisting of air, steam and radioactive particulate and gases like iodine, via a scrubbing system. An indigenous lab scale facility was developed for research on iodine removal by venturi scrubber by simulating the accidental scenario. A mixture of 0.2 % sodium thiosulphate and 0.5 % sodium hydroxide, was used in scrubbing column. A modified mathematical model was presented for iodine removal in venturi scrubber. Improvement in model was made by addition of important parameters like jet penetration length, bubble rise velocity and gas holdup which were not considered previously. Experiments were performed by varying hydrodynamic parameters like liquid level height and gas flow rates to see their effect on removal efficiency of iodine. Gas holdup was also measured for various liquid level heights and gas flowrates. Removal efficiency increased with increase in liquid level height and gas flowrate up to an optimum point beyond that efficiency was decreased. Experimental results of removal efficiency were compared with the predicted results, and they were found to be in good agreement. Maximum removal efficiency of 99.8% was obtained.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.401-417
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• 2011

인생회고는 자기 삶을 돌아보고 평가하는 것으로 노년기에 삶의 의미를 찾는 데 필요한 과정이고, 이러한 인생회고를 효과적으로 할 수 있는 한 가지 방법이 자기 일생의 사적(史跡)을 기록하는 자서전 쓰기다. 본 연구에서는 인생의 주요 주제를 중심으로 자서전 내용을 구성하여, 자전적 기억의 점화 및 인출 지지를 통해 글쓰기를 실행하고, 원고의 편집 및 교정작업을 거쳐 프로그램 종결 시 자신의 완성된 자서전을 받을 수 있도록 프로그램을 개발하여 그 효과를 검증해 보았다. 60세 이상 노인 14명을 대상으로 15회기에 걸쳐 프로그램을 실시하였고 사전 사후검사 결과, 자아 통합감, 생활 만족도, 삶의 질이 향상되고 우울감은 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 집단 자서전 쓰기 프로그램이 노인의 안녕감 증진에 매우 유용하다는 것을 시사한다. 논의에서 연구 결과의 함의를 비롯하여 본 연구의 의의, 한계점, 후속 연구에 대해 기술하였다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

본 연구는 신경생리학적 분석의 관점에서 창의성의 기존 문헌에 공헌하는 것을 목표로 한다. 특히 감정이 비즈니스 문제 해결 창의성(BPSC: Business Problem-Solving Creativity)에 어느 정도의 영향을 미치는지를 뇌파(EEG) 분석을 통하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 적용한 실험에서는 실험참가자로 하여금 경영정보분야에서 널리 사용되는 인지지도(cognitive map)에 기반한 비즈니스 문제를 해결하도록 하고 그 결과를 평가함으로써 비즈니스 문제해결 창의성을 측정하였다. 총 34명의 참가자를 대상으로 하였고 EEG 분석을 통해 실험자료를 분석한 결과 긍정적인 감정에서보다 부정적인 감정하에서 비즈니스 문제해결 창의성이 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 경영정보분야 의사결정기법을 적용한 BPSC를 뇌파분석을 통하여 실증적으로 분석할 수 있음을 보여주었다는 면에서 기존연구에 기여한다.