• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.6
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• pp.783-790
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• 2002

This paper proposes a fuzzy Pr/T net representation of interval-valued fuzzy set reasoning, where fuzzy production rules are used for knowledge representation, and the belief of fuzzy production rules are represented by interval-valued fuzzy sets. The presented interval-valued fuzzy reasoning algorithm is much closer to human intuition and reasoning than other methods because this algorithm uses the proper belief evaluation functions according to fuzzy concepts in fuzzy production rules.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.27-30
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• 1996

PR interval variability has been proposed as a noninvasive tool for in-vestigating the autonomic nervous system as welt as heart rate variability. The goal of this paper is to determine whether PR interval variability is generated from deterministic nonlinear dynamics. The data used in this study is a 24-hour bolter ECGs of 20 healthy adults. We developed an automatic PR interval measurement algorithm, and tested it using MIT ECG Databases. The general discriminants of nonlinear dynamics, such as, correlation dimension and phase space reconstruction are used. Surrogate data is generated from simpler linear models to have similar statistical characteristics with the original data. Nonlinear discriminants are applied to both data, and compared for any significant results. It was concluded that PR interval variability shows non-linear characteristics.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.205-208
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• 1995

Analysis of Heart Rate Variability has been studied to estimate autonomic nervous system. PR interval represents conduction time from atrium to ventricle. PR interval variability(PRV) is also can be used to estimate autonomic nervous system. We have acquired two-state ECGs of children who are before vagal stimulation and after vagal stimulation. We applied chaotic theory to each ECG in order to analyze PRV, and compared the results from frequency domain analysis. The correlation dimension of PRV of pre-stimulated children is higher than that of post-stimulated children.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.746-749
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• 1988

This paper describes an arrhythmia detection algorithm using PP and PR Interval. In order to detect P-wave accurately, an improved 5-point derivative method is used. In this paper, the RR, PP and PR interval. and the number of P-waves per RR Interval are detected for arrhythmia detection. These parameters can be utilized to diagnose in the varied types of AV block, atrial fibrillation, and PVC.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Shinmun-acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy (ECG). Methods : For this purpose, 11 healthy volunteers were acupunctured at Shinmun acupoint using the reinforcing or reducing by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs or in the opposite direction (迎隨補瀉). Then, we measured and observed the change of standard leads I, II and III in ECG. Results : In lead I , acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In lead II, during the acupuncture treated group by inserting the needle in the opposite direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of T wave duration, and after the acupuncture group by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of PR interval. In lead III, acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of ST duration, PR interval and QT interval. Conclusions : These results suggested that Shinmun acupuncture stimulation plays an important role on the activities of ECG.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.522-527
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Naegwan-Acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy(EGG). For this purpose, 11 normal volunteers were acupunctured at Naegwan acupoint using the method of Young-Su-Bo-Sa. Then, we measured and observed the change of augmented unipolar limb leads aVR, aVL and aVF in EGG. In aVR, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In aVL, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of R wave amplitude, PR interval and PR segment. In aVF, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of S wave amplitude and PR interval. These results suggested that Naegwan acupuncture stimulation play an important role to the activities of EGG.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 1986

This study was undertaken to search for a new antiarrhythmic agent in natural plants. Extracts of Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai have been used as folk remedies of several diseases, including malaria and venereal disease, but any study on the pharmacological actions of this plant has not yet been carried out and its active ingredients have not been identified. In our laboratory, we isolated buxuletin (nonalkaloid) and cyclobuxine D (steroidal alkaloid) from Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai and reported their pharmacological actions: diuretic effects of buxuletin in rabbits and hypotensive effect of cyclobuxine D in rats. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cyclobuxine D on isolated frog heart and heart rate in urethane anesthetized rats. In order to clarify the mechanism of bradycardic effect of cyclobuxine D, we examined the changes of the ECG parameters (PR, QRS and R ${\alpha}$ T interval) produced by intravenous injection of cyclobuxine D in anesthetized rats. Cyclobuxine D depressed the contractile force in isolated frog heart and exerted a dose-dependent bradycardic effect in anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of cyclobuxine D caused a fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate, but those effects were not significant. Cyclobuxine D prolonged the PR interval and RaT interval (${\alpha}$ Tindicates the apex of T), but was without significant effects on the duration of the QRS complex and PRc in urethane anesthetized rats.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5485-5491
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate PR-VEP characteristics on the perception function(S/N) and the judgement function(T/F) of MBTI. The 136 study participants, over 20 years old adults, were examined by PR-VEP and MBTI test for two months in July and August in 2013. PR-VEP was conducted in O1 and O2 by 32 channels EEG system and MBTI test was measured by Form-M online. We found that the time interval(Duration) between N75 and P100 of PR-VEP was 5.49 ms significantly shorter in the group preferring S indicator. And the latency until N75 was 4.83 ms significantly shorter in O1 and 4.27 ms shorter in O2 in the group preferring F indicator. According to these, the characteristics of groups preferring S and F indicator have influence on visual cognitive function, which is meaningful that the interpretation of brain-science can be used with recognition/judgement function of MBTI.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.2258-2265
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• 2024

The present investigation aims to study the role of Pr₂O₃ on the structural, physical, and radiation shielding properties of a dense cadmium lead borate glass. The XRD was used to affirm the glassy amorphous structure of fabricated sample materials. Moreover, the FTIR was used to record the change in the FT-IR spectra due to the addition of Pr₂O₃ in the wavenumber interval between 400 and 4000 cm^-1. The features of glass surfaces and the elemental analyses for the synthesized Pr₂O₃-reinforced cadmium lead borate glasses were performed using a SEM, supported by an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The γ-ray protection capacity was evaluated using the Monte Carlo method in a wide energy interval ranging between 0.015 and 15 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at 1 MeV was reduced by a factor of 10 % from 0.372 cm^-1 to 0.340 cm^-1. The decrease in the LAC values negatively affected the other shielding properties such as half-value thickness and the transmission factor. Although the linear attenuation coefficient is decreased slightly with the partial substitution of CdO by Pr₂O₃ compound, the fabricated glass samples still have a high shielding capacity compared to the traditional commercial glasses as well as previous similar reported glasses.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06e
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• pp.265-268
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• 2002

For accurate interpretation, ECG signal is measured by using 12 leads method. We look shape of Measured ECG signal and decide whether interpretation is accurate or not. In this paper, we propose new effective fuzzy decision system which uses fuzzy rules and membership functions for more accurate of ECG wave. We used PR interval, QRS interval and QRS axis as conditional variables for designing fuzzy rules. And decision rule of conclusion variable is determined by (sinus rhythm), (sinus rhythm+left deviation), (sinus rhythm+right deviation) and (sinus rhythm+negative axis). Experimental results showed our system made numerically easy decision possible and had advantage of simple design method.