• 센서학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Respiration rate is one of the important vital signs. Photo-plethysmography (PPG) measurement especially on a finger has been widely used in pulse oximetry and also used in estimating respiration rate. It is well known that PPG contains respiration-induced intensity variation (RIIV) signal. However, the accuracy of finger PPG method has been controversial. We introduced a new technique of enhancing motion artifact by respiration. This was achieved simply by measuring PPG on the thorax. We examined the accuracy of these two PPG methods by comparing with two existing methods based on thoracic volume and nostril temperature changes. PPG sensing on finger tip, which is the most common site of measurement, produced 6.1 % error. On the other hand, our method of PPG sensing on the thorax achieved 0.4 % error which was a significant improvement. Finger PPG is sensitive to motion artifact and it is difficult to recover fully small respiratory signal buried in waveform dominated by absorption due to blood volume changes. Thorax PPG is poor to represent blood volumes changes since it contains substantial motion artifact due to respiration. Ironically, this inferior quality ensures higher accuracy in terms of respiration measurement. Extreme low-cost and small-sized LED/silicon detector and non-constrained reflection measurement provide a great candidate for respiration estimation in ubiquitous or personal health monitoring.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1862-1870
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• 2016

A respiration is one of the most useful techniques for vital checking and an abnormal respiration is often the earliest sign of critical illness. Detection of respiration is based on the photo-plethysmography (PPG) with photodiode technique. Because PPG sensor using photodiode can be easily miniaturized, it is suitable for wearable devices. A system to measure respiration rate based on PPG signal is implemented and for a reliable measurement an improved algorithm in accuracy using PPG signal pattern is proposed in this paper. As results regarding to three types of respirations (regular interval, free interval, and weak respiration) the proposed algorithm showed error rate of 0.047, 0.067, and 0.122 respectively.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권7호
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• pp.946-953
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• 2018

Photo-plethysmography (PPG), which measures changes in the peripheral blood flow of a human body using difference in absorption rate of light, is a measurement method that is studied and used in clinical and various applications due to its simple circuit configuration and measurement convenience. Magneto-plethysmography (MPG), which is newly developed by our team, is a method of measuring changes in the conductivity of biological tissues by using a eddy current induced by a time-varying magnetic field, and is not subject to optical interference. In this study, we investigated the detection characteristics of MPG according to the change of the conductivity of the object and fluid to be measured by simultaneously measuring PPG and MPG. In order to control the speed of fluid known in advance, a blood flow simulator was implemented and used. The fluid used in the experiment was general mineral water and physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Experimental results show that the amplitude change of the measured PPG was 0.3% in normal water and saline solution, and that of MPG was 77.3%. Therefore, it is considered that the magneto-plethysmography (MPG) has a strong correlation with the conductivity of the fluid.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권7호
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• pp.917-927
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• 2018

High blood pressure causes various cardiovascular diseases and is associated with mortality. Periodic self-monitoring and recording of blood pressure is very helpful in preventing the occurrence of secondary diseases caused by hypertension. However, existing cuff-type blood pressure monitors have many limitations. As an alternative of that, a method of estimating the blood pressure by measuring the velocity change of the blood flow using the photo plethysmography is widely known. However, photo plethysmography have a low correlation with blood flow. So, we will propose an algorithm for estimating blood pressure using the relationship between velocity change of blood flow measured by magnetic field instead of photo plethysmography and electrocardiogram. For this purpose, First, we analyzed the correlation between photo plethysmography and magneto plethysmography. the correlation between MPG and PPG was r = 0.9449. Second, we compared estimated blood pressure and measured blood pressure. In the four experiment each result was r = 0.5737, r = 0.7863, r = 0.5669, and r = 0.7445.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2007

MR(magnetic resonance) image of moving organ such as heart shows serious distortion of MR image due to motion itself. To eliminate motion artifacts, MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) scan sequences requires a trigger pulse like ECG(electro-cardiography) R-wave. ECG-gating using cardiac cycle synchronizes the MRI sequence acquisition to the R-wave in order to eliminate image motion artifacts. In this paper, we designed ECG/PPG(photo-plethysmography) gating system which is for eliminating motion artifacts due to moving organ. This system uses nonmagnetic carbon electrodes, lead wire and shield case for minimizing RF(radio-frequency) pulse and gradient effect. Also, we developed a ECG circuit for preventing saturation by magnetic field and a finger plethysmography sensor using optic fiber. And then, gating pulse is generated by adaptive filtering based on NLMS(normalized least mean square) algorithm. To evaluate the developed system, we measured and compared MR imaging of heart and neck with and without ECG/PPG gating system. As a result, we could get a clean image to be used in clinically. In conclusion, the designed ECG/PPG gating system could be useful method when we get MR imaging of moving organ like a heart.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2005년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.304-305
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• 2005

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2012

PAPS(학생건강체력평가시스템, Physical Activity Promotion System)를 위한 반사형 맥박수 측정 장치를 개발 하고 성능평가를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위해 제작된 센서 모듈은 저전력 구동을 위해 chip LED 및 photo TR.를 이용하여 맥파를 측정하였다. 측정된 맥파신호는 HPF, LPF와 OP Amp.를 이용하여 신호를 전처리하였으며, 전처리한 맥파신호는 LabVIEW로 디스플레이하였다. 또 LabVIEW는 원신호를 받아들여 유효신호를 추출하고, 맥박을 계산하기 위한 알고리즘을 포함한다. 이러한 시스템과 알고리즘을 이용하여 운동상태의 피실험자를 대상으로 높은 정확도와 반복성을 갖는 측정 기구로의 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.2159-2164
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• 2008

유비쿼터스 헬스케어 시스템은 사용자의 건강 정보를 감독하고 관리하는 시스템이며, 이 헬스케어 시스템에서 가장 중요한 점은 측정된 건강 데이터의 정확성이다. 그러나 실생활에서는 사용자의 움직임 에 따라 그 정확성이 현저하게 달라진다. 따라서 건강 정보 정확성을 향상시키기 위해 본 연구에서는 심박수 추출에 있어 새로운 맥파 최대점 검출 알고리즘을 제안하였고, 제안된 알고리즘은 다중 하위 대역 필터와 퍼지 추론기를 이용하여 동잡음이 포함된 PPG 신호에서 맥파의 최대점을 검출하기 위한 것이다. 제안된 알고리즘에 대한 성능평가 실험에서 복잡한 동잡음에서도 맥파 최대점 추출이 가능함을 보였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2015년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1051-1053
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• 2015

다양한 종류의 생체 신호들을 모니터링하는 연구들이 활발히 진행되면서 이제는 병원이나 전문기관뿐만 아니라 일상 생활 속 에서 사람들이 스마트폰을 이용하여 특별한 제약 없이 편리하게 측정 가능하다. 이러한 스마트폰의 특성을 살리고 그 중 카메라 PPG (Photo-plethysmography) 모듈을 통해 얻은 생체 신호 정보를 분석하여 사용자에게 분석된 정보를 보여줄 수 있다. 또한 얻은 생체 신호로 심박수를 구하고 얻어진 심박수 정보를 활용하여 이를 사용자에게 Hologram으로 보여주는 것을 목표로 한다.