• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

한지제지 공정 중에서 발생하는 백색슬러지와 흑색슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60)로 목재 섬유와 혼합하고 PMDI, 요소 및 폐지수지를 이용하여 목표비중 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합보드를 제조한 결과 전반적으로 볼 때 백색슬러지를 20% 정도까지 혼합하고 PMDI 수지를 적용하면 통상적인 보드와 유사하거나 오히려 더 좋은 치수안정성을 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 흑색슬러지의 경우는 요소수지를 사용하거나 PMDI 수지의 첨가량을 증가시켜 조절한다면 20%의 슬러지 첨가량까지는 치수안정성 면에서 통상적인 보드와 큰 차이가 없는 보드를 제조할 수 있다고 믿어진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1255-1259
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of halogenated compounds, organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids and their mixtures on in vitro methane production and fermentative characteristics of mixed rumen microorganisms. Agents used in two in vitro experiments were bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) and pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) as halogenated compound, fumarate and malate as organic acid, and linoleic acid and linolenic acid as unsaturated fatty acid sources. Ruminal fluid collected from a Holstein steer fed tall fescue and concentrate mixtures was incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ for 48 h with addition of those materials. Single supplementation of halogenated compounds, organic acids or unsaturated fatty acids decreased in vitro methane production (p<0.05). The second experiment was designed to investigate effects of combination of one of halogenated compounds and either organic acids or fatty acids on methane production. Lower concentration of methane and lower A:P ratio were observed with PMDI compared with BES (p<0.01). In general medium pH, VFA, total gas and hydrogen production, and dry matter degradability were affected by addition of the same compounds. In addition, PMDI+malate treatment resulted in the highest molar proportion of propionate, and lowest A:P ratio and methane production (p<0.01). Hydrogen production was highest in PMDI+linolenic acid and lowest in BES+malate treatment (p<0.01). PMDI+malate combination was the most recommendable in reducing methane production without too much influence on digestibility under conditions of present studies.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

한지제지 공정 중에서 발생하는 백색슬러지와 흑색슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60)로 목재 섬유와 혼합하고 PMDI, 요소 및 폐놀수지를 이용하여 목표비중 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합보드를 제조한 결과 전반적으로 볼 때 PMDI수지를 적용한 백색슬러지-목재섬유 복합보드나 요소수지를 적용한 흑색슬러지-목재섬유 복합보드의 경우 20% 정도까지의 슬러지 첨가는 거의 통상적인 보드에 대용하는 기계적 성질을 지닌다고 믿어진다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

한지(韓紙) 제조(製造) 공정(工程) 중에서 발생하는 백색 슬러지와 흑색 슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10, 20, 30, 40%)로 목재(木材) 파티클과 혼합(混合)하고 PMDI, 요소 및 페놀수지를 이용하여 각각 목표비중(目標比重) 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합(複合)보드를 제조(製造)하여 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)을 측정 분석한 결과 흡수길이변화율은 대조보드에 비해 크게 증가하지 않았으며 흡수두께팽창율은 PMDI를 적용한 백색 슬러지 목재(木材) 파티클 복합(複合)보드가 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 흡수율은 흑색 슬러지 목재(木材) 파티클 복합(複合)보드의 경우 혼합(混合) 비율(比率)이 증가할수록 대체로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of density, resin and particle types on the physical and mechanical properties of the composites made from various wood particles mixed with coating paper. The experiment was designed to apply with three particles (flake, chip, and fiber) and three resin types (urea, phenol and PMDI resin). The mixed ratio of coating paper to wood particle was fixed on 50 to 50% in each board making. And also it was designed to apply for four density levels (0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 g/$cm^3$) and four mixed formulations of coating paper to wood particle (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 %) to analyze clearly the effects of PMDI resin. Coating paper-wood particle composites have acceptable bending strength (MOR, MOE) though the mixed ratio of coating paper was increased, but have low internal bond strength and poor dimensional stability (WA, TS, LE). Composites with high density had higher mechanical properties but showed lower physical properties than composites with low density. In conclusion, at least up to 20% mixed ratios, coating paper-wood particle composites have acceptable physical and mechanical properties, and PMDI resin has possibility for coating paper-wood particle composite manufacture.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

제지 공정중에서 발생하는 슬러지의 효율적인 활용 방안중의 하나로써 목질보드 원료 대체 재료로써의 그 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 제지 슬러지, 합성 섬유, 목섬유의 혼합비를 각각 5:5:90, 15:15:70, 25:25:50으로 PMDI와 요소수지 접착제를 사용하여 목표비중 0.7, 0.8, 0.9인 복합재를 제작하여 물리적 및 기계적 성질을 측정한 결과 제지 슬러지와 합성 섬유를 30%~50%를 혼합하여 복합재를 제조하여도 기존의 보드와 비교하여 손색이 없는 제품을 생산할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the Hanji sludge(black color)-wood fiber and wood particle composited applied by waste sludges arising from the making process of Hanji (Korea paper). In experimental design, four levels of the mixed ratio of Hanji sludge to wood fiber or wood particle(10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60), three kinds of the resin(PMDI, urea and phenol resin)and three kinds of the specific gravity(0.6, 0.75 and 0.9) were designed to determine the tensile strength of Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites. From the results and discussion, it may be concluded as follows: In Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites, tensile strengths showed decreasing tendency absolutely by increasing Hanji sludge additive, but clearly increase with the increase of specific gravity. In Hanji sludge-wood fiber composites, there were no differences between PMDI and urea resin-bonded composites, but phenol resin-boned composites were made possibly until the addition of 30% Hanji sludge. On the other hand, Hnji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.6) have very low tensile strength values. But they were made favorably until the addition of 20% Hanji sludge in Hanji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.9).

• 센서학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.306-312
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• 1998

다채널을 가진 광섬유 센서 시스템을 개발하기 위하여 이것의 기본적인 센서 배열로서 TDM(Time Division Multiplexing) 방식의 2채널 광섬유 센서 배열을 제작하여 그 특성을 실험으로 분석하였다. 2채널 배열의 위상구조는 Mach-Zehnder형 사다리 구조로 제작 되었고 감지 간섭계와 보상 간섭계가 있는 PMDI(Phase-Matched Differential Interferometer) 기법을 사용하여 배열의 신호처리를 용이하게 하였다. 신호처리는 합성 헤테로다인(Synthetic Heterodyne)을 이용한 신호처리 기법으로 2채널의 신호를 동시에 검출하였다. 실험 결과 각 채널의 감도는 센서 #1에서 ${\sim}60{\mu}rad/\sqrt{Hz}$ 센서#2에서 ${\sim}80{\mu}rad/\sqrt{Hz}$를 얻었으며, 상호 간섭량(crosstalk)은 -36dB로 측정되었다. 본 실험으로 TDM 방식으로 다중화 된 Mach-Zehnder형 사다리 구조 간섭계의 신호처리가 광섬유센서의 효율을 높이고 비교적 안정적으로 신호를 감지함을 확인하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2002

Polymeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), polyether polyol,1,4-butane diol, silicone surfactant와 발포제로 물을 사용하여 경질 폴리우레탄 폼 (PUF)을 제조하였다. PUF의 밀도는 0 php (parts per hundred polyol by weight)의 부탄다이올 양에 대하여 물의 양이 0.5~3.0 php로 증가함에 따라 173.7~41.7 kg/㎥로 감소하였다. PUF의 셀 크기는 10 php의 부탄다이올 양에 대하여 물의 양이 0.5~3.0 php로 증가함에 따라 115-258 $mu extrm{m}$로 증가하였다. PUF의 압축강도 측정 결과, 동일 밀도의 PUF에 대하여 압축강도는 물의 양이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 계면활성제가 PUF의 물성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구에서, PUF의 셀 크기가 계면활성제 첨가량이 0~0.33 php로 증가함에 따라 360-146 $mu extrm{m}$로 감소하였으나 0.33 php 이상의 계면활성제 첨가량에 대해서는 더 이상의 셀 크기 변화가 관찰되지 않았다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.676-681
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• 2007

A process designed to synthesize rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) with insulative properties via the modulation of PUF cell size via the addition of clay and the application of ultrasound was assessed. The blowing agents utilized in this study include water, cyclopentane, and HFC-365mfc, all of which are known to be environmentally-friendly blowing agents. The rigid PUFs were prepared from polymeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) and polyether polyol with a density of $50kg/m^3$. In addition, rigid PUFs/clay nanocomposites were synthesized with clay modified by PMDI with and without the application of ultrasound. The PUF generated using water as a blowing agent evidenced the highest tensile strength. The tensile strength of the PUF/nanocomposites was higher than that of the neat PUF and the strength was even higher with the application of ultrasound. The cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites was less than that of the neat PUF, regardless of the type of blowing agent utilized. It appears that the higher tensile strength and lower cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites may be attributable to the uniform dispersion of the clay via ultrasonic agitation. The thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites generated with HCFC-141b evidenced the lowest value when PUF/clay nanocomposites were compared with other blowing agents, including HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, and water. Ultrasound has also proven effective with regard to the reduction of the thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites with any of the blowing agents employed in this study. It has also been suggested that the uniformly dispersed clay particles in the PUF matrix function as diffusion barriers, which prevent the amelioration of the thermal insulation property.