• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2001

It is thought that the sanitary perception and hygienic food treatment of food suppliers as the first handlers of foodstuffs are extremely significant for the safe and sanitary management of food in group meal services. So in this study, a survey of 103 food suppliers who provide raw materials for 80 meal services in business places around Busan area was conducted on general matters, participation in sanitation education, sanitary perception, sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, knowledge of sanitation, etc. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. 42.7% of the subjects have worked for the food supply companies for one to five years and the main job of 36.9% of them is delivery service. Food suppliers who handle over two foodstuffs are 6839%. 2. Concerning the participation in sanitation education, 43.7% of the subjects have not experienced any such education, The reason of 23.3% of them for not having the education is that there have been no opportunity for them at all. And 83.5% of them regard the education on hygiene as necessary. 3. In the sanitary perception, 93.1% of the subjects considered the temperature control of the food delivery vehicles as important and 82.5% of them replied on of the leading causes of food poisoning as foodstuffs. 64.0% thought of their knowledge of food sanitation as not very good, but moderate. 4. Concerning sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, 50.5% of delivery vehicles were wearing sanitary uniforms and 24.3% of them washed their hands while supplying food. 5. In the score of hygienic knowledge, the average score of all food suppliers was 60.6 point. In the score of hygienic knowledge on general matters, managing supervisors got 6.31$\pm$1.70. In the score of hygienic knowledge based on the perception of food sanitation, the food suppliers with the experience of sanitation education scored 6.42$\pm$1.93 point and the point was significant(p<0.01), compared with that of the food suppliers without the experience of sanitation education. The food suppliers who answered their knowledge was very good scored the highest point, 8.00$\pm$1.41. The food suppliers who replied that sanitation education was truly necessary recorded the hygienic knowledge score of 6.75$\pm$1.77, significantly(p<0.01) high. In the score of hygienic knowledge on the basis of the practical degree of sanitary handling of food materials, the food suppliers who answered they cleaned their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.48$\pm$1.93, the food suppliers who answered they sterilized their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.29$\pm$1.89, the food suppliers who answered they controlled the temperature of their delivery vehicles irregularly scored 6.58$\pm$1.79 and the food suppliers who answered they washed their hands every time when they were working scored 6.86$\pm$2.24, significantly(p<0.05) high in comparison with every item in other factors. And the food suppliers who answered they were wearing sanitary uniforms irregularly while supplying foodstuffs scored the highest point, 6.66$\pm$2.92.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.26-44
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• 1999

The study was done to improve the job training course for Community Health Practioners (CHPs) by evaluating the level of help that the training provided to the CHPs in carrying out their work and to analyze the management activities of the CHPs in order to develop a more effective CHP training program. The methodologies used in the study were a questionnaire survey. The survey results were analyzed using SPSS Windows. The study results are as follows. 1. The total average level of help from the job training(Theory. Practice and Field Practice) for carrying out the CHP work was found to be $3.04\pm.53$ (of a possible 4), which indicates a high level of help. The average for clinical practices was $3.16\pm.60$. for theory. $3.11\pm.40$ and for field practice. $2.84\pm.60$. 2. For the theory content of the job training courses. the help level was low in the area of mother and child health management/family planning with an average of $2.65\pm.62$ and in the area of health information system development with an average of $2.62\pm.83$. The reason for these deficiencies were. in order of frequency. few opportunities to apply learning. training content that was inadequate. training methodologies which were incongruent with content. improper training items and insufficient class hours. For the practice. the clinical work in rehabilitation/orthopedics departments and in ENT/Opthalmology departments had averages of $2.96\pm.86$ and $2.97\pm.80$ respectively. This low level resulted from the lack of direct experience. lack of sincerity during the practice time. lack of practice guidance. insufficient time and lack of practice equipment. in that order. For the field practice. the delivery management averaged $2.06\pm.90$ as the lowest help level. In this case 68% of respondents replied that there were no relevant reasons for this deficiency. 21% responsed that there was a lack of direct experience, 7%, a lack of practice guidance and 4.8%, insufficient time. 3. There were significant differences for several demographic variables when comparing the help level of the clinical courses (practice and Field Practice). A higher help level was reported by older nurses as compared to younger ones, experienced nurses as compared to scholarship nurses, and married over single. Also for nurses who had finished more other programs and were qualified or licensed in several areas the level was high. Although it was not statistically significant the level was higher if the work area was in a rural county, not a city, and if one had more recently completed the job training(P<,05). 4. Of the respondents 58.6% replies stated the period of job training for the CHP was adequate, but 51.7% reported that the period for theory courses was too short while an other 48.3% responded that it was sufficient. For practice locations, 50% responsed that it was good to practice in medical institutions(primary, secondary and tertiary) at the same time. While 48.3% agreed that doing theory and practice simultaneously was good, and 56.9% agreed that field practice should be done after completing theory and practice training. Hence, the development of new field practice guidelines suitable for changing environments of health management are required in place of the existing ones which were considered low in help level to the practical work of the CHPs.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

치과치료와 관련된 공포감을 개인의 불안취약 사고와 치과치료의 경험을 통해 분석하기 위해 치과에 내원한 환자 431명을 대상으로 Dental Fear Survey(DFS)와 불안취약 사고경향(AT&T)을 측정도구로 사용하여 총합척도의 평균, 표준편차하여 독립표본 t검정과 일원분산분석(ANOVA)을 하였다. 치과공포에 미치는 요인에서 다중회귀분석 결과, 치과치료통증경험과 개인의 불안취약 사고경향이 큰 영향력을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 1. 연구대상자의 사회인구학적 특성은 치과공포 수준과 관련되어 DFS 점수가 여성($25.73{\pm}8.27$)이 남성($22.16{\pm}8.46$)보다 높았고, 불안취약 사고경향(AT&T) 역시 여성($31.01{\pm}7.05$)이 남성($28.93{\pm}8.15$)보다 높았다(p<0.05). 성별에 따라 여성이 치과공포감과 불안취약성이 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. 2. 치과의료이용 유형은 치과공포의 정도는 '문제가 발생했을 때 치과에 방문하는 집단'($25.29{\pm}8.57$)이 '정기적으로 치과 방문하는 집단'($22.29{\pm}7.78$)보다 높았다 (p=0.002). 3. 치과경험에 따라 처음 치과를 방문한 시기, 처음 통증을 경험한 시기, 치과불안이 시작된 시기를 치과공포수준에 따라 분석한 결과, 처음으로 치과치료를 받은 시기에 따라 유년기와 청소년기에 치과공포감을 많이 느끼고 성인에서는 그에 비해 덜 느낀다. 처음 치과치료시 통증을 경험한 집단 중 유년기($26.40{\pm}9.54$)에서 치과공포수준이 높았고(p=0.004), 치과불안이 시작된 시기에 따라 유년기($26.56{\pm}8.74$)에 시작된 치과불안이 높은 치과공포수준을 나타냈다(p=0.000). 또한 치과불안이 시작된 시기에서 청소년기(44.3%)가 높은 빈도수를 보였다. 따라서 이 시기에 치과의 인식 형성의 중요성을 알 수 있다. 4. 치과공포 수준에 미치는 요인으로 치과치료 시 통증경험(표준화계수=0.271)과 개인의 불안취약 사고경향(표준화계수=0.246)이 큰 영향력을 미치는 것으로 다중회귀분석결과 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p=0.001).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 임상실습 경험에 따른 간호사 이미지 정도를 비교하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 C시 소재 일 간호대학 학생 400명에게 설문지를 이용하여 2014년 9월 2일부터 9월 9일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 18.0 program을 이용하여 ${\chi}^2$-test로, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA로 분석하였다. 연구결과 간호사 이미지 정도는 임상실습 경험군 평균평점 $3.5{\pm}0.5$, 임상실습 미경험군 평균평점 $3.7{\pm}0.5$로 두 군간 유의한 차이를 보였다(F=4750.2, p<.001). 또한 간호사 이미지 하위영역의 전통적 이미지(F=3631.5, p<.001), 사회적 이미지(F=2872.5, p<.001), 전문적 이미지(F=4022.9, p<.001), 개인적 이미지(F=1812.9, p<.001) 모두 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러므로 간호대학생의 임상실습 후 간호사 이미지를 높이기 위하여 임상현장과 간호대학 뿐 만 아니라 간호사의 독자적 업무 확대를 위한 정책적 지원을 위하여 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것이다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the level of knowledge on and stress from delirium among recovery room nurses, and correlations between these factors. Methods: In this study, 125 nurses agreed to participate in the study were surveyed from October 8 to October 28, 2013. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test and Pearson correlation. Results: Average percentage of correct answers to questions about delirium was 81.9% and the mean score was 26.22 (${\pm}5.01$). The mean score for recovery room nurses' work stress from emergency delirium was 3.86 (${\pm}0.99$). Extent of knowledge on delirium significantly differed by age (F=15.017, p<.001), length of clinical experience (F=22.132, p<.001), length of recovery room experience (F=10.538, p<.001), education (F=3.312, p =.040), and marital status (t=4.107, p<.001). Stress from ED was significantly related to age (F=9.185, p<.001), clinical experience (F=7.077, p=.001), and marital status (t=-2.027, p =.045). Knowledge on delirium had a negative relationship with stress from delirium (r=-.514, p<.001). Conclusion: Results show that nurses gained knowledge of delirium from their own clinical experience indicating a need to develop educational programs to improve knowledge on delirium and plans to reduce stress from delirium for recovery room nurses.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the current status of post-traumatic stress and related factors among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Methods: The study subjects were 109 safety managers working in Korea National Parks. General characteristics, job-related characteristics, experience of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress were collected by self-reported questionnaires through the mail. The associated factors with post-traumatic stress was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: Overall score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group of post-traumatic stress disorder. In simple analysis, score of post-traumatic stress was associated with drinking frequency, disease history, duration of career, delay of rescue, provided the break, rest space and the number of experiences of traumatic events. Finally, the score of post-traumatic stress was significantly higher in subjects who experienced 3 (B=9.141, SE=3.538) or more than 4 (B=11.367, SE=3.063) traumatic events compared to subjects without experience of traumatic event. Conclusion: The score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Post-traumatic stress was associated with the experience of traumatic events. Management of safety managers after mobilization or experience of traumatic events will be helpful to decrease of post-traumatic stress.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.632-639
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of drive swing on multiple functional wear wearing in golf. The subjects were 6 men ($22.67{\pm}0.82$ yrs, $175.42{\pm}3.42cm$, $78.75{\pm}4.78kg$), who had career each with at least 8 yers golf experience with right-hander. For kinemetical analysis, this study used equipments with 7 motion capture cameras (300Hz) and analysis program (Nexus1.5). The total time of the club head, displacement magnitude of the COM and swing plane were compared of according to functional wear wearing and non-weraing during golf drive swing. The results of the study are as follows. The total time of the club on wearing ($2.18{\pm}0.06sec$) was faster than non-wearing ($2.52{\pm}0.15sec$). Displacement magnitude of the COM on wearing ($4.06{\pm}0.67cm$) was shorter than non-wearing ($5.79{\pm}0.72cm$). Also, swing plane was found to be significantly different of 3 phase excepted BST-DS (back swing top-down swing) phase. AD-BST (address-back swing top) phase on wearing ($13.86{\pm}3.08cm$) decrease more than non-wearing ($20.82{\pm}3.99cm$), DS-IP (down swing-impact) phase on wearing ($6.25{\pm}1.35cm$) decrease more than non-wearing ($7.18{\pm}1.52cm$) and IP-FT (impact-follow though) phase on wearing ($7.93{\pm}2.09cm$) decrease more than non-wearing($9.68{\pm}2.02cm$). The multiple functional wear wearing was contribution to come close for one-plane, a long with consistency and accuracy on golf drive swing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3203-3211
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• 2015

This study identified the actual conditions for safe anticancer drug management among nurses and the relationship between level of awareness and performance of anticancer drug safety regulations in terms of preparation, administration, and disposal. The respondents were 236 nurses working with chemotherapy in wards and outpatient clinics in five hospitals in and near Seoul. Safety regulations provided for the anticancer drug the Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA, 1999), as modified for an earlier study, were used. The results showed that the level of awareness and performance on the anticancer drug safety regulations indicate their preparation ($3.38{\pm}0.55$, $2.38{\pm}0.98$), administration ($3.52{\pm}0.46$, $3.17{\pm}0.70$), general handling and disposal ($3.33{\pm}0.54$, $2.42{\pm}0.90$) on a scale 0 to 5. Also, there were significant differences in job positions, work experience, type of preparation, and continuing education and a positive relationship between the level of awareness and nursing performance. Thus, nurses should receive continuing education on the handling of anticancer drugs to improve the level of performance following safety regulations.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.684-691
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyse the recognition and preference level associated with the preservation of Korean traditional health food. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 289 individuals. The data was statistically analysed using I-test as well as the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). We studied whether or not respondents had the constitutional cuisine before Ed-comments : Please complete the sentence. Before what?. Twenty-two kinds of Korean traditional foods were randomly selected based on old cookbooks, and then recognition and preference of Korea traditional constitutional cuisine were asked. The tasting experience in the constitutional cuisine affected recognition and preference significantly. The coefficients of recognition and preference were the highest in Junbokjoog ($4.20{\pm}1.00$), Yookgejang ($4.18{\pm}1.03$), Jangagui ($4.05{\pm}1.17$), Origui ($3.97{\pm}1.19$) and Samgeitang ($3.94{\pm}1.15$). Ed-comment : Please check if this value is correct. There are two decimal points. Bosintang ($1.81{\pm}1.60$) showed a low preference compared to high recognition, and was therefore considered to be enthusiasts' cuisine only. It is believed that promoting the greater awareness of Korean traditional constitutional cuisine through the mass media would result in a higher recognition and preference of the same.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2004

CarboMedics 기계판막은 낮은 판막관련 합병증을 보인다고 보고되어 왔다. 이 논문의 목적은 CarboMedics기계판막 치환술 후 장기 임상성적을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1988년 8월부터 1999년 9월까지 850명의 환자를 대상으로 1144예의 CarboMedics 판막치환술이 이루어졌다(대동맥판막 치환군 179예, 승모판막 치환군 385예, 이중판막치환군 234예, 삼첨판막 치환군 52예). 환자들의 평균연령은 44.5 $\pm$ 12.5세였고 완전 추적관찰은 95.3%의 환자에서 이루어졌으며, 평균 추적관찰 기간은 7.9년이었다. 결과: 병원 사망률은 3.4%였으며, 환자군에 따라 분류하면 대동백판막군 1.7%, 승모판막군이 2.6%, 이중판막군 4.7%, 그리고 삼첨판막군 9.6%로서 삼첨판막군이 대동맥판막군이나 승모판막군보다 수술사망률이 높았다(p〈0.05). 대동맥판막군, 승모판막군, 이중판막군, 그리고 삼첨판막군의 10년 생존율은 각각 87.1 $\pm$ 2.6%, 88.9 $\pm$ 1.7%, 82.4 $\pm$ 2.9%, 그리고 77.5 $\pm$ 7.0% 였으며, 환자의 연령과 삼첨판막 치환술이 다변량분석에서 장기생존에 영향을 미치는 위험인자였다(p〈0.05). 대동맥판막군, 승모판막군, 이중판막군, 그리고 삼첨판막군의 10년 혈전색전증 회피율은 92.5 $\pm$ 2.3%, 94.2 $\pm$ 1.4%, 94.3 $\pm$ 1.7%, 그리고 97.8 $\pm$ 2.2%였으며, 10년 항응고제 연관 출혈 회피율은 92.5 $\pm$ 2.6%, 93.0 $\pm$ 1.5%, 96.7 $\pm$ 1.3%, 그리고 88.6 $\pm$ 5.5%였으며, 10년 판막혈전증 회피율은 99.4 $\pm$ 0.6%, 98.2 $\pm$ 0.8%, 99.2 $\pm$ 0.8%, 그리고 87.6 $\pm$ 0.5%로서 삼첨판막군이 다른 판막 치환군에 비해 의미 있게 높은 판막혈전증의 발생을 보였다(p 〈0.05). 결론: CarboMedics 기계판막을 이용한 판막치환술의 장기성적에서 만족할 만한 생존율과 낮은 판막관련 합병증을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 삼첨판막 치환술은 다른 위치의 판막치환술과 비교하여 높은 수술사망률과 판막혈전증의 빈도를 보였다.