• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2013

Purpose: Problem-based learning (PBL) has been adopted to foster active and self-directed learning and enhance critical thinking and problem-solving skills in many health-care academic disciplines in Korea. Interest in PBL has rapidly grown with a 6 year pharmacy degree program in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate feasibility of PBL, student satisfaction and academic performance with a self-assessment survey questionnaire. Method: Sixty students participated in the PBL for pharmacotherapy course. Average scores from student self-assessment on participation, satisfaction, and academic performance were $3.85{\pm}0.55$, $2.94{\pm}1.04$, $3.09{\pm}0.91$ out of 5 point lickert scale (1-do not agree at all, 5-agree completely), respectively. Results & Conclusion: The level of participation was positively correlated with improvement of communication skill in academic performance (correlation coefficient 0.27, p=0.037). In the quality analysis of the cases provided for PBL, students who participated more in the PBL greatly agreed the cases given were appropriate to learn fundamental knowledge for each disease state. The students disagreed that PBL was fun. The students stated that PBL was good to experience self-directed learning and clinical context beforehand but too time-consuming to devote and too demanding to commit. Lack of facilitator and insight on active learning should be rectified for successful launch of PBL in Korean pharmacy education.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify the level of spirituality in student nurses and to provide baseline data to develop a spirituality development education program. Method: The participants were 499 students in departments of nursing in 5 universities in Busan. The data were collected between June 7 and July 18, 2002. The instrument was used Howden's spirituality assessment scale. Collected data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, $Means{\pm}SD$, t-test F-test, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The SPSS program was used. Results: 1) The mean score for spirituality was $101.14{\pm}8.70$ (range 26-130). 2) The mean score for perceived health state was $3.42{\pm}0.80$. 3) Spirituality according to general characteristics showed significant differences for sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home. 4) Spirituality according to religious characteristics showed significant differences for influence of religion, necessity of religion, help from religion, subjectivity of God in life, reading religious books, participation in religion ceremonies. 5) There was a significant positive correlation between perceived health state and spirituality. Conclusion: The spirituality of the student nurses was high and differed according to sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home, religious characteristics, spirituality, and perceived health status.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.36-47
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• 2007

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors and self-esteem of male high school students in Busan. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from four male high schools in Busan. Two hundreds boys were enrolled in this study. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA with Scheffe's test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients were used for data analysis. Results: The mean sexual attitude($43.0{\pm}7.1$), sexual behaviorse($12.8{\pm}7.5$) and self-esteem($103.0{\pm}15.5$) were relatively low. The score of sexual attitude was affected by the subjects-parents relationship and sexual experience. The score of sexual behaviors was affected by religion, the subjects-parents relationship and sexual experience. The score of self-esteem was affected by the subjects's school record and the subjects-parents relationship. There was a positive correlation between sexual attitudes and behaviors, but the correlations between self-esteem and sexual attitudes, and self-esteem and sexual behaviors were not significant. Conclusion: Sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors of male high school students are changed openly and there is difference by a person's standard. An educational program may be needed to develope sexual attitude in high school students.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning experience, knowledge, and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in newly graduated nurses, and to identify differences related to learning experience. Methods: The participants were 114 new nurses in the hospital. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included CPR learning experience. They were evaluated by a written test and a skill test using a manikin and check list. Results: All participants attended CPR lectures and underwent practice while in university. Only 12.28% of participants were taught by a certified Basic Life Support (BLS) instructor. The mean scores of the written and skill tests were $79.82{\pm}12.69$ and $64.41{\pm}11.71$, respectively. The nurses lacked CPR knowledge related to checking breathing, the frequency of 30 chest compressions, compression rate, and automated external defibrillator use. They also lacked skill in performing CPR related to checking breathing and pulse and giving 2 breaths. CPR performance differed according to learning time (p=.047) and BLS educator (p=.029). Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that CPR performance by newly graduated nurses is poor and suggest that CPR education by trained instructors, practice-based education, and reeducation programs must be provided to newly graduated nurses in the hospital.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2012

연구 목적: 4,000 K와 5,500 K의 색 온도를 가진 광원 하에서 치과 보철과 의사 및 치과대학 학생의 색조 비교 및 선택 능력을 평가하여 술자의 경험이 색조 선택에 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 한다. 연구 대상 및 방법: 분광 광도계를 사용하여 색 견본을 측색한 후, 명도 값이 비슷하고 채도 값이 차이 나는 5개 탭을 선택하여 3개의 세트(a, b, c)를, 채도값이 유사하고 명도값이 차이가 나는 5개 탭을 선택하여 3개의 세트(d, e, f)를 만들었다. 각각 4,000 K, 5,500 K 색 온도의 광원 하에서 무작위로 선택된 한 개의 색 견본을 치과 보철과 의사 10명과 치과대학 학생 10명에게 제시하고 동일한 색 견본을 동일한 세트 내에서 고르게 한 다음, 제시된 색조 탭과 피험자가 선택한 색조 탭 간의 색차(${\Delta}E$) 값을 계산하여 비색 능력의 차이를 비교하였다. 광원의 색 온도 및 술자의 숙련도에 따른, 각각의 색 견본에서의 색차 값을 계산하고 95%의 신뢰 수준에서 t-test 를 시행하여 결과의 유의성을 검정하였다. 결과: 4,000K와 5,500K 광원 하에서 색차 값은 각각 $1.62{\pm}2.0$, $1.33{\pm}1.7$로 색 온도 조건에 따른 색조 선택의 차이는 나타나지 않았다(P=.398). 숙련자군과 비 숙련자군 간의 색차 값은 각각 $1.34{\pm}1.7$, $1.61{\pm}2.0$으로 각 군 간 색조 선택의 차이 또한 나타나지 않았다(P=.221). 결론: 동일한 색 견본을 동일한 광원 조건 하에서 비색하는 경우, 술자의 숙련도에 따른 색조 선택 능력에 차이가 없다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2015

Background: We report our initial experiences of robot-assisted cardiac surgery using the da Vinci Surgical System. Methods: Between February 2010 and March 2014, 50 consecutive patients underwent minimally invasive robot-assisted cardiac surgery. Results: Robot-assisted cardiac surgery was employed in two cases of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass, 17 cases of mitral valve repair, 10 cases of cardiac myxoma removal, 20 cases of atrial septal defect repair, and one isolated CryoMaze procedure. Average cardiopulmonary bypass time and average aorta cross-clamping time were $194.8{\pm}48.6$ minutes and $126.1{\pm}22.6$ minutes in mitral valve repair operations and $132.0{\pm}32.0$ minutes and $76.1{\pm}23.1$ minutes in myxoma removal operations, respectively. During atrial septal defect closure operations, the average cardiopulmonary bypass time was $128.3{\pm}43.1$ minutes. The median length of stay was between five and seven days. The only complication was that one patient needed reoperation to address bleeding. There were no hospital mortalities. Conclusion: Robot-assisted cardiac surgery is safe and effective for mitral valve repair, atrial septal defect closure, and cardiac myxoma removal surgery. Reducing operative time depends heavily on the experience of the entire robotic surgical team.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 1994

Central commissary school foodservice operations' practices and their dietitians' job duties were assessed and compared with those of their counterpart of conventional school foodservice operations to find out strategies for early settlement and better management for commissary system. Survey qestionnaires consisted of general background, employees' work schedule and dietitians' job duties. 12 commissary schools(out of 22 existing in Korea) and 77 conventional schools from Kyungkido were participated in the survey. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Central commissary school foodservice was presently utilized at 5 schools from islands type, 11 schools from rural type, and 6 schools from urban type, consisting total of 22 commissary schools, and 52 satellite schools. 2. Dietitians were evenly employed with their experiences, 55.5% were those with less than 2 years of experience, 44.6% were those with more than 2 years of experience. 3. Commissary schools employed more full-time empolyees$(1.8{\pm}0.7)$ than conventional schools$(0.3{\pm}0.5)$, however as far as the production capacity was concerned, only the part-time employees played significant roles(p<.01). Regardless of the number of students, an absolute number of full-time employees were employed, and their duties were not carried out efficiently. The part-time employees of commissary schools performed more loaded work compared to their counterparts in conventional schools. 4. Out of the dietitians' foodservice duties, 'basic food service production$(3.9{\pm}0.7)$' were carried out adequately, whereas 'nutrition education and advertisement$(2.5{\pm}0.6)$' and 'administrative affairs and information related duties$(2.8{\pm}0.9)$' were not. In order to enhance their working capacity, systematic organizational reforms are imminent. 5. Survey results also showed that dietitians performed less duties at satellite school than at the central commissary. This indicates more systematic foodservice management practices are urgently needed.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of cooking class on improvement of eating behaviors and satisfaction with cooking activities in children. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 380 mothers during June to August, 2011. A total of 286 questionnaires were used for analysis (81.7%), and frequency analysis, ANOVA, and ${\chi}^2$-test were completed using SPSS (version 14.0) software. The children with cooking experience (52.7%) showed more improvement of eating habits than children with no cooking experience (36.4%). Both types of children showed an 'unbalanced diet' with respect to eating habits. The overall satisfaction level was an average of $3.84{\pm}0.62$. The effects after cooking activities varied for different aspects of improvement of eating habits: 'Correcting unbalanced diet' was $4.26{\pm}0.66$, 'nutrition knowledge' was $4.06{\pm}0.70$, 'dining etiquette' was $4.09{\pm}0.63$, and 'regular meals' was $4.15{\pm}0.73$. There was a significant difference between genders with regards to correcting unbalanced diet with vegetables (p<0.01). Ages from 10 to 12 were able to improve unbalanced diet with 'grains' (p<0.001), while 'Kimchi' (p<0.05) and 'paste' for ages from 10 to 12. In conclusion, cooking activities are regarded as effective in correcting unbalanced diet and eliciting positive changes in eating behavior.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of dental hygienist's behavior for infection control during dental practice and radiologic examination and to evaluate the dental hygienist's awareness of the importance of infection control in dental office. Methods : A survey on 218 dental hygienists was carried out. The respondents to complete a questionnaire were the dental hygienists who were in dental office on Gwang-ju area or attended complementary training conducted by the Seoul Branch of Korean Dental Hygienists Association in April 2010. The data were collected and analyzed with $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS program. Results : The ratios of educational experience for infection control in dental practice and radiologic examination room accounted for 87.6% and 30.3% respectively. Behavior degree of mask-wearing in the dental practice and radiologic examination room were $4.60{\pm}0.70$ and $3.77{\pm}1.09$ respectively. Behavior degree of glove-wearing in the dental practice and radiologic examination room were $4.40{\pm}0.91$ and $3.68{\pm}1.17$ respectively. In case of the relation between educational experience and behavior degree in mask-wearing or glove-wearing, there was no significant difference in the performance of mask or glove wearing during dental practice, and mask-wearing during radiologic examination. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the performance of glove-wearing during radiologic examination, which revealed that behavior degree between the respondents having educational experience and the others no having it were $3.92{\pm}1.19$ and $3.58{\pm}1.14$ respectively. The surface disinfection control for radiation and protective equipments used in radiologic examination room was done by occasional needs without premeditated schedules. Conclusions : The result of this study shows lower behavior degree during radiologic examination compared with one during dental practice. We suggest that there are needs to raise the awareness of infection control and to improve infection control behavior, and through this study, the importance of education was verified.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.3383-3389
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 65세 이상의 허약노인을 대상으로 낙상효능감, 낙상위험지각 및 낙상예방행위와의 관계를 규명하기 위함이다. 자료 수집은 재가 허약노인 300명을 대상으로 설문조사로 이루어졌다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1)낙상효능감은 $65.4{\pm}23.62$점이었으며, 낙상위험지각은 $34.3{\pm}11.5$점이었고, 낙상예방행위는 $17.7{\pm}2.75$점이었다. 2)낙상효능감(t=2.905, p<.05), 낙상위험지각(t=2.704, p<.05), 낙상예방행위(t=2.706, p<.05) 모두 낙상경험에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3)낙상효능감과 낙상위험지각정도와는 역상관관계(r=-.440, p<.001), 낙상효능감과 낙상예방행위(r=.326, p<.001) 및 낙상위험지각과 낙상예방행위(r=.436, p<.001)와는 순상관관계에 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 볼 때 노인의 낙상예방을 위한 프로그램 개발은 노인의 낙상효능감 증진 및 지각을 증진할 수 있도록 개발되어야 할 것이다.