• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

The purpose of this study were to evaluate and compare the balance ability at different conditions in normal 20 to 29 years old on unstable platform, KAT 2000(Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Static and dynamic BI(balance index) were measured 3psi and 5psi surface conditions. Static tests were done on right and left leg separately, then both legs together with the feet apart 20cm with the eyes opened and closed. Dynamic tests were done on both legs together with apart 20cm with the eyes opened. A dynamic test was performed in which the subject moved platform in a circular manner to chase a moving object on a computer screen. Seventy healthy students(average 21.6 years, male, female) were tested. In this study applied the paired t-test and correlation to determine the statistical significance of result. The results were as follow: 1) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $119.9{\pm}75.72$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was $224.3{\pm}121.16$. 2) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $93.1{\pm}24.16$ on 5psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was $180.5{\pm}61.76$. 3) The mean static and dynamic balance index of both legs were $76.4{\pm}31.86$, $2187.6{\pm}696.99$ on 3psi with the eyes opened, and $68.3{\pm}14.82$, $1938.7{\pm}525.41$ on 5psi respectively. 4) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $517.8{\pm}220.87$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was $588.6{\pm}204.81$. 5) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was $271.9{\pm}192.151$ on 5psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was $363.4{\pm}98.97$. 6) The mean static balance index of both legs was $332.6{\pm}137.31$ on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the 5psi was $288.5{\pm}133.07$. 7) The balance index on 3psi surface condition was significantly higher than that of 5psi (p<0.05, p<0.01). 8) The balance index with the eyes closed was significantly higher than that of the eyes opened (p<0.05). 9) The balance index on the left leg was significantly higher than that of the right leg (p<0.05, p<0.01). 10) There was no correlation between static balance index and dynamic balance index. 11) Therewas no correlation between weight or height and balance index.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.355-366
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• 2014

Objectives: This study seeks to evaluate the vulnerability assessment of the human health sector for $PM_{10}$, which is reflected in the regional characteristics and related disease mortality rates for $PM_{10}$ in Busan over the period of 2006-2010. Methods: According to the vulnerability concept suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), vulnerability to $PM_{10}$ is comprised of the categories of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The indexes of the exposure and sensitivity categories indicate positive effects, while the adaptive capacity index indicates a negative effect on vulnerability to $PM_{10}$. Variables of each category were standardized by the rescaling method, and each regional relative vulnerability was computed through the vulnerability index calculation formula. Results: The regions with a high exposure index are Jung-Gu (transportation region) and Saha-Gu (industrial region). Major factors determining the exposure index are the $PM_{10}$ concentration, days of $PM_{10}{\geq}50$, ${\mu}g/m^3$, and $PM_{10}$ emissions. The regions that show a high sensitivity index are urban and rural regions; these commonly have a high mortality rate for related disease and vulnerable populations. The regions that have a high adaptive capacity index are Jung-Gu, Gangseo-Gu, and Busanjin-Gu, all of which have a high level of economic/welfare/health care factors. The high-vulnerability synthesis of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indexes show that Dong-Gu and Seo-Gu have a risk for $PM_{10}$ potential effects and a low adaptive capacity. Conclusions: This study presents the vulnerability index to $PM_{10}$ through a relative comparison using quantitative evaluation to draw regional priorities. Therefore, it provides basic data to reflect environmental health influences in favor of an adaptive policy limiting damage to human health caused by vulnerability to $PM_{10}$.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2006

To conduct this study, researchers personally visited two maternity hospitals, one public centers, and two gymnastics classes for pregnant women in some areas of Seoul from March 14 to April 28, 2005 to determine a simplified oral hygiene index to measure cleanness for 200 women in the twenty weeks and over of pregnancy in order to examine their oral health conditions and provide basic data for the future oral health care and education in oral hygiene for pregnant women and, consequently, drew the following conclusions. 1. Simplified oral hygiene index between early, middle, and late pregnancy. It was shown that the Early was $1.10{\pm}.91$, Middle was $1.78{\pm}1.02$, The simplified oral hygiene index of Late was $1.73{\pm}1.03$. The simplified oral hygiene index of Total was $1.47{\pm}1.03$, with a Food debris index $0.96{\pm}0.51$ and a Calculus score $0.51{\pm}0.52$. 2. There were statistically significant differences in the simplified oral hygiene index of both the upper and the lower jaws between early, middle, and late pregnancy (p < 0.01). It was shown that the Food debris index, Calculus score, and the simplified oral hygiene index all increased with the approach of delivery. 3. There were statistically significant differences in the simplified oral hygiene index of both the anterior and the posterior areas between early, middle, and late pregnancy (p < 0.01). It was found that the Food debris index, Calculus score, and the simplified oral hygiene index all increased with the approach of delivery.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate between low back pain scale and disability index owing to gait pattern. For the period of February 1 to February 29, 2004, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 100 persons lived in Daejeon. The result were as follows: 1. The stride length of experimental group. the male was $49.9{\pm}12.9cm$. the female $45.7{\pm}12.9cm$ and the width of feet, the male was $13.5{\pm}5.7cm$, the female $12.2{\pm}4.8cm$. 2. The Fick angle of all subjects was showed in external disposition, the left angle showed in asymmetry, the male was $11.0{\pm}5.7^{\circ}$, the female $8.5{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$. 3. The foot arch was similar to sex as a weight bearing and non-weight bearing, the male was $1.3{\pm}0.8cm$, the female $1.3{\pm}0.9cm$. 4. The impedimental index according to back pain grade, men was a lower than women, the male was $5.7{\pm}6.9$ and the female $7.2{\pm}5.3$. 5. The relation to difference between foot arch and disability index according to back pain grade as a weight bearing and non-weight bearing, the higher foot arch, the higher back pain grade was statistically significance(p<.05). 6. The relation between width of feet and disability index according to back pain grade, the wider width of feet, the higher back pain grade was statistically significance(p<.01). 7. The relation between stride length and disability index according to back pain grade, the wider stride length, the higher back pain grade was statistically significance(p<.05).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are therapeutic options for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of study was to investigate treatment outcomes of before and after insertion of MAD in OSA patients. We retrospectively selected a total of 13 patients who were diagnosed with OSA syndrome. All sleep-related parameters including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total arousal were measured by before and after MAD. The use of MAD proves to be efficient in reducing snoring, apnea-hypopne index ($17.2{\pm}14.6$ vs $20.9{\pm}14.6$), WASO ($27.4{\pm}28.8$ vs $47.9{\pm}43.6$), oxygen desaturation index ($9.0{\pm}11.6$ vs $16.4{\pm}11.7$), stage N3 ($54.8{\pm}45.2$ vs $36.6{\pm}22.0$), REM sleep times ($73.3{\pm}19.4$ vs $66.0{\pm}31.0$) and increases sleep efficiency ($92.6{\pm}6.6$ vs $87.2{\pm}11.2$). The decreases in apnea index based on a reduction in the overall and supine AHI values after MAD therapy were significantly greater for the positional OSA than nonpositional OSA patients. The use of MAD proves to be efficient in snoring, WASO, sleep efficiency, reduced AHI and associated with good compliance of patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2010

This study was intended to assess the effects of low glycemic index (LGI) nutrition education on dietary management and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects were 48 sex-matched patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged $66.5\;{\pm}\;6.2$ years, visiting a public health center. They were divided into two groups: the control group (males 10, females 14) and the educated group (males 10, females 14). The educated group was provided with a LGI nutrition education program for 7 weeks. The control group was educated only one time for general diabetic education. Anthropometric indices, knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary glycemic index (DGI) and glycemic load (DGL), fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c were assessed. In the educated group body weight, body mass index and systolic blood pressure (from $138.0\;{\pm}\;18.9\;mmHg$ to $130.6\;{\pm}\;15.0\;mmHg$) were significantly reduced after the nutrition education (p < 0.05). The scores of knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index carbohydrates increased significantly in the educated group. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load of the educated group decreased significantly from $103.4\;{\pm}\;67.6$ to $45.4\;{\pm}\;27.1$ (p < 0.001), and from $173.3\;{\pm}\;135.9$ to $66.8\;{\pm}\;50.4$ (p < 0.001), respectively. Also fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels of the educated group significantly decreased from $124.5\;{\pm}\;28.8\;mg/dL$ to $96.7\;{\pm}\;21.6\;mg/dL$ (p < 0.001) and from $7.1\;{\pm}\;1.3%$ to $6.4\;{\pm}\;1.2%$ (p < 0.05), respectively. The score of knowledge and perception of efficacy of low glycemic index significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels negatively. DGI, DGL and duration of diabetes significantly correlated with HbA1c level positively. From stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, DGI, DGL and the duration of diabetes were extracted as factors influencing HbA1c level of the subjects. The results of this study suggest that low glycemic index nutrition education programs is an effective intervention measure for the glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the effects between the KL-Grade and improvement of knee pain treated by Korean Medicine therapy. Methods 114 patients who received inpatient treatment from July 2014 to May 2017 in the Daejeon Jaseng of Korean Medicine Hospital were divided into 5 groups by the KL-Grade. All patients received a combination of treatment including acupunture, pharmacopunture, herbal medication. They were compared and analyzed on the basis of improvement between measuring Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC Index), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D Index) as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. The statistically significance was evaluated by SPSS 23.0 for windows. Results After treatment, KL-Grade 0 group's Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC Index), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D Index) improvement was $2.02{\pm}1.69$, $7.50{\pm}9.67$ and $0.11{\pm}0.15$ respectively. KL-Grade 1 group's improvement was $2.09{\pm}1.23$, $11.75{\pm}13.99$ and $0.12{\pm}0.13$ respectively. KL-Grade 2 group's improvement was $1.60{\pm}1.07$ and $14.70{\pm}14.19$ respectively. But In this group, EQ-5D Index has decreased by $0.01{\pm}0.10$. KL-Grade 3 group's improvement was $1.88{\pm}1.31$, $7.81{\pm}13.35$ and $0.13{\pm}0.20$ respectively (p<0.034). In the case of KL-Grade 4, the population was not statistically significant (N=2) and therefore excluded from statistical significance. And there was no statistically significance between 4 group's improvement after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusions The above study showed that Korean medicine treatments showed significant therapeutic effects on knee pain and degenerative knee joints, but there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of degenerative arthritis (KL-Grade).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of thyroid hormone on the left ventricular(LV) volume arid function in man with untreated hyperthyroidism and to determine the effects of successful therapy for thyrotoxicosis on the ventricular pathophysiology. In the present study, equilibrium radionuclide cardiac angiography was performed and LV volume index, ejection phase indexes of LV performance, serum thyroid hormone levels and other hemodynamic parameters were measured in 28 normal subjects and 39 patients with hyperthyroidism before treatment and again every 4 weeks for the first 2 months after the initiation of effective therapy. The results obtained were as follows; 1) In the untreated hyperthyroid state heart rate, blood volume, cardiac index and stroke volume index($97{\pm}14$ beats/min, $73.5{\pm}11.8ml/kg,\;6.9{\pm}1.4\;l/min/m^2$ and $77.6{\pm}13.8ml/m^2$, respectively) were increased significantly compared to those in normal control($74{\pm}12beats/min$, $66.6{\pm}14.8ml/kg,\;3.8{\pm}1.2\;l/min/m^2$ and $56.6{\pm}13.2ml/m^2$ respectively). $(Mean{\pm}SD)$ 2) There was a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume index in patients with hyperthyroidism ($30.5{\pm}7.5$ for hyperthyroid group compared to a normal control of $22.2{\pm}6.5$; p<0.001), whereas end-systolic volume index remained unchanged $9.6{\pm}3.6\;and\;8.8{\pm}3.3$ respectively).3) In patients with hyperthyroidism, LV ejection fraction was $70.0{\pm}5.6%$, fractional shortening $32.9{\pm}5.1%$, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening(mean Vcf) $1.34{\pm}0.31$ circ/sec and maximum ejection rate $3.47{\pm}0.80$. All the ejection phase indexes were significantly greater than those in normal control($65.2{\pm}5.7%,\;28.8{\pm}3.2%,\;0.88{\pm}0.37$ circ/see and $2.27{\pm}0.50$, respectively; p<0.001). 4) Effective therapy produced significant decrease in all the values of serum thyroid hormone concentrations(p<0.00l), hemodynamic parameters(p<0.001), end-diastolic volume index(p<0.01) and ejection phase indexes of LV contractility in patients with hyperthyroidism and after one to two months, when the patients were euthyroid, these measurements were in the range of normal. 5) A significant linear correlation between mean Vcf and serum thyroxine level(r=0.63, p<0.001) as well as between mean Vcf and serum triiodothyronine level(r=0.62, p<0.001) was found. The lesser degree of correlation was also noted between other ejection phase indexes and serum thyroid hormone concentrations. The results indicate that the major effects of excess thyroid hormone on the LV in human beings with hyperthyroidism are an enhancement of LV function and an increase in LV enddiastolic volume and that these effects cause predictable reversible cardiac alteration which are changed dramatically and immediately after effective therapy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1973

The purpose of this project is offering fundamental and proper informations for the better health control and personnel management of the enlisted men of Marine corps in Korea. Survey has been done under 1,001 marine enlisted men for the purpose of understanding their condition of physique, vital capacity, and bodily strength. 1. Under the subject of physique, 7 items, body weight, chest-girth, relative body weight, relative chest-girth, Vervaeck index, and Roehrer index are listed, and under the subject of vital capacity, BTPS vital capacity and percent predicted vital capacity are listed, and under the subject of bodily strength, 7 items, grasping power, chinning-up, throwing a hanp-grenade, forward jumping, sitting-up, 100 meter sprinting, are listed. The total items are 16 and mean score of each one is as follow. 1)Physique : a. Height : $$168{\pm}0.15cm$$ b. Body weight : $$62.7{\pm}0.17kg$$ c. Chest-girth : $$91.4{\pm}0.16cm$$ d. Relative body weight : $$37.2{\pm}0.09$$ e. Relative chest-girth : $$54.3{\pm}0.10$$ f. Vervaeck index : $$91.6{\pm}0.15$$ g. Roehrer index : $$1.31{\pm}0.003$$ 2) Vital capacity : a. BTPS vital capacity : $$4470{\pm}20cc$$ b. % Predicted vital capacity : $$150{\pm}5.1%$$ 3) Bodily strength : a. Grasping power : $$41.4{\pm}0.26kg$$ b. Chinning-up : $$5.7{\pm}0.10$$ c. Throwing a hand-grenade : $$39.7{\pm}0.20m$$ d. Forward jumping : $$214{\pm}0.58cm$$ e. Sitting-up : $$19.1{\pm}0.25$$ f. Pushing-up : $$22.1{\pm}0.18$$ g. 100 meter sprinting : $$16.1{\pm}0.04sec$$. 2. Comparative analysis has been done about the conditional classes of marine enlisted men with the results of above mentioned 16 items. 7 classes according to the branches, 3 according to the ranks, 9 according to tile length of service are adopted respectively.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Visual evaluation of chest radiograph images is the most practical and effective method. This study compared the Body Mass Index, waist circumference, and mAs with chest radiographs of 351 women. The Bureau of Radiological Health method was used to evaluate the image quality of chest X-ray images by anatomical and physical methods. The average age of the subjects was $30.17{\pm}4.73$ and the average waist circumference was $66.91{\pm}4.67cm$. The mean Body Mass Index value was $20.21{\pm}2.23$, the mean value of mAs was $3.04{\pm}0.78$, and the mean value of Bureau of Radiological Health was $79.83{\pm}8.45$. When the Body Mass Index value increased, waist circumference and mAs mean value increased. The mean value of Body Mass Index was statistically significant(p<0.05) in Group 4 compared to Groups 1 and 2, with increasing Body Mass Index. Exposure control of the automatic exposure control system is considered to be well performed according to body thickness or Body Mass Index at the time of chest radiography. As the Body Mass Index increases, the thickness of the body increases and the breast thickness of the woman also increases. Therefore, it is considered that the exposure amount is changed by the automatic exposure control device to affect the image quality.