• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2014

This study was carried out to establish the system of OPU derived embryo production, management of recipients as well as offspring production. OPU derived embryo production system was carried out of aspiration of immature oocytes 2 times per week, total 24 times for 3 months by an ultrasonographic guided follicular aspiration system and then produced in vitro-produced blastocysts by in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture system. This work was collected total 13,866 oocytes, average $8.2{\pm}4.5$ oocytes per session and 8,170 G1 + G2 grade oocytes, average 4.8 oocytes per session by 1,692 times session of total 71 donors for 4 years from 2010 to 2013. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst developmental competence were obtained 11,825 (85.3%) and 5,032 (36.3%) that was $7.0{\pm}3.8$ cleaved embryos and $3.0{\pm}2.5$ blastocysts per session. OPU derived embryo transfer were taken place in 2, 4, 6 and 7 local governments at 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 for 4 years and pregnancy rate were obtained 41.2, 43.9, 46.5 and 49.7% in each years. It means that pregnancy rate was continuously improved according of every year for 4 years. Pregnancy rate was significantly different according to individual local government in which was 62.7% in B, but 24.2% in F at 2012. Paternity identification was carried out total 26 offspring in C local government of 2012 and then confirmed 100% agreement of its analysis. In conclusion, the results obtained the possibility of mass production of elite cow embryos as well as offspring by OPU derived embryo production system, of which could be decreased the required time of genetic improvement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.41
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• pp.135-145
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• 1997

The statistical approach to quality control aims at alerting its user to any variations in the properties of a manufactured product. Motorola developed and pursued a quality management program called six sigma. The goal of six sigma programs is to improve customer satisfaction through reducing and eliminating defects. six sigma uses several statistical measure to characterize defect levels and process capabilities. The upper and lower specification limits are $\pm6\sigma$(sigma) from nominal, and the process mean is centered at nominal. only 0.002PPM are outside specification limits. Cp=2. this is the design target in a six sigma program. This article presents an important tool available for quality control of a production process at the occurrence of defects in manufactured products at view low levels to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing productivity and to satisfy customer through the reduction of defect rates. To understand the consequences of the level of quality on competitive position, a more technical perspective is needed.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.342-350
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the knowledge of urinary incontinence and its affecting factors among women aged over 30 years in Korea, and to provide the basic data for the primary urinary incontinence management program through the community-based cross sectional study from May 7 to July 18, 2000. The subjects, who were able to understand the questionnaires and consented their participation in the study, consisted of 2183 women, aged over 30 up to 89 years, residing in Seoul, Kyongki$\cdot$Kangwon, Chungchong, YongNam, HoNam, Cheju provinces. It took about 20 to 30 minutes to fill up the questionnaires. The data were analyzed by multiple regression with using SAS program. The results were as follows ; 1. The overall reported knowledge of urinary incontinence was $5.21\pm3.05$(range 0-14). Over the half of the subjects gave the correct answer to 5 items which referred to effects, treatment and management of urinary incontinence. Among items associated with the cause, two items, such as 'many common over-the-counter medications can cause involuntary urine loss', and 'involuntary urine loss is caused by only one or two conditions', were less likely to be correctly answered. 2. Those who were younger, had more education, or had urinary incontinence, were more likely to provide correct answers. The above findings indicated that the education program and campaign of the urinary incontinence should be developed and operated for those who are elderly and have had less education.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.697-708
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an e-learning education program for improving practical knowledge and preventing nursing errors and adverse events of nurses working in the operating room (OR). Method: The e-learning program was developed and evaluated according to the following processes: 1) preparation phase 2) implementation phase 3) evaluation phase. In evaluation phase, the effectiveness was analyzed based on the Kirkpatrick's model. Results: The e-learning program consisted of OR basic nursing skills and techniques and nursing activities' manual based on the categories of nursing errors: surgical operation preparation, nursing skills and techniques, environment management, patient safety and comfort, and patient monitoring. The program was provided through on-line, http://cafe.daum.net/pnuhorn, for 4 weeks. The mean score(percent) of participants' satisfaction was $21.24{\pm}1.71$(68.2%). Their total knowledge level was significantly improved(Z=-3.00, p=.003) and specifically in the category of environment management(Z=-3.77, p<.001) and patient monitoring(Z=-2.46, p=.014). The occurrence of nursing errors or adverse events was a little decreased, but not statistically significant(Z=-3.10, p=.756). Conclusion: E-learning for nurses is one way of effective and efficient teaching-learning strategies. For better e-learning, it is important to develop the vital content of the education and objective measures for detecting nursing errors and adverse events.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate compliance with prescribed medication in the elderly visiting public health centers. Method: Data were collected from 665 elders living in Seoul and the Gyeonggi Province during the period from February 21 to June 30 in 2006. The data were collected through individual interviews and were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SAS 9.1 program. Results: The mean of medication compliance was 2.97(${\pm}.68$) on a 5-point Likert scale. Specifically, compliance 3.14(${\pm}.70$) for medication dose, 2.94(${\pm}.77$) for medication frequency, and 2.84(${\pm}.79$) for medication time. The elderly with a higher level of education (${\beta}=.095$, p<.001), with health insurance (${\beta}=.208$, p=.0009) and with a higher level of family support (${\beta}=.040$, p=.0306) showed a higher level of mediation compliance. Female elders (${\beta}=.142$, p<.001) kept higher medication compliance than male ones. Conclusion: These findings suggest that people with low education, low socioeconomic status and less family support need more education before medication. The evaluation of medication compliance needs to be encouraged before starting medication to distinguish those who may not comply with medical prescription. Predictive factors identified in this study must be considered when designing interventions, program development and education for appropriate medication management for the elderly.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to identify the efficiency of total dental care(TDC) internship program. Methods : Dental hygiene students participated in the total dental care(TDC) internship program for 4 weeks in dental clinics practice. A self-reported questionnaire was filled out from June to July in 2012. The questionnaire consisted of oral health condition and dental care services by the students, dentists, and dental hygienists after TDC internship program. Results : Satisfaction degree of the students was $3.92{\pm}0.68$ points. The patients satisfied with TDC internship program and it was helpful to their dental health care(4.0 points). There were significant changes in tooth brushing method, frequency and O'Leary plaque index. Satisfaction degree of the dentists was 4.09 points and that of the dental hygienists was 3.80 points. Conclusions : TDC internship program is very helpful for the students not only to play an outstanding role in their dental care activities after employment but also to establish the real identity of the dental hygienist.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

Objectives : This research was investigated to evaluate the psychological characteristics and changes of psychological state among dental orthodontic patients. Methods : This cross-sectional questionnaire research was conducted with 230 dental orthodontic patients in Busan from December 23, 2009 to March 6, 2010. The psychological analysis of dental orthodontic treatment patients was performed with Symptom checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R) considering 5 general characteristics and 2 treatment period related characteristics. Estimated psychological results were changed T-score. Data analysis was performed with descriptive analysis, t-test and ANOVA using SAS(ver 9.1) program. Results : The levels of T-score of SCL-90-R were $43.88{\pm}7.50$ in hostility(HOS), $43.38{\pm}4.64$ in phobic anxiety(PHOB), $43.20{\pm}6.24$ in somatization(SOM), $42.13{\pm}6.71$ in paranoid ideation(PAR), $41.39{\pm}8.16$ in interpersonal sensitive(I-S), $41.01{\pm}7.90$ in obsessive-compulsive(O-C), $40.96{\pm}5.37$ in psychoticism(PSY), $40.96{\pm}5.19$ in anxiety(ANX) and $39.81{\pm}6.80$ in depression(DEP), respectively. The T-score of phobic anxiety in before treatment group was higher than that of treatment groups. The T-score of interpersonal sensitive and paranoid ideation in over 36 months treatment period group were higher than that of other treatment period groups. Conclusions : Phobic anxiety(PHOB), interpersonal sensitive(I-S) and paranoid ideation(PAR) were affected in pre-treatment and long-term treatment dental orthodontic patients. Psychological management methods considering treatment period are needed to improve mental health of dental orthodontic patients.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.244-256
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• 2017

Purpose: This research was conducted to identify methods of inducing health promotion behavior, perceived health status, social participation and empowerment in the frail elderly receiving home visiting services. Methods: The subjects were 255 frail elders aged over 65 registered in the home visiting services of five public health centers in Daegu. Data were collected from June 9 to August 10, 2015. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS Win 18.0. Results: The mean health promotion behavior, perceived health status, social participation and empowerment scores were 2.56 (${\pm}0.33$), 7.11 (${\pm}1.98$), 2.60 (${\pm}0.69$) and 2.90 (${\pm}0.29$), respectively. There was significant difference in health promotion behavior by client classification and life satisfaction. There were significant differences in perceived health status by life satisfaction, social participation by religion and client classification and empowerment by past jobs. Health promotion behavior, perceived health status, social participation and empowerment were positively correlated. Conclusion: An integrative health care program that includes these significant variables of subjects is essential to management and prevention of deterioration of frailty in elderly.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.253-255
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• 2015

The concept of precision medicine-prevention and treatment strategies that take individual variability into account-is hot issue of US in the year 2015. Precision medicine is a new concept that approach patients individually by there characteristics, such as genome, life style, environmental exposure, etc. For developing the precision medicine, National Institute of Health of US has been prepared the Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program, at least 1 million people cohort. The US President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative on 30th January 2015. He announced that he will pioneer a new model of patient-powered research that promises to accelerate biomedical discoveries and provide clinicians with new tools, knowledge, and therapies to select which treatments will work best for which patients. Most medical treatments have been designed for the 'average patient.' As a result of this 'one-size-fits-all-approach,' treatments can be very successful for some patients but not for others. This is changing with the emergence of precision medicine, an innovative approach to disease prevention and treatment that takes into account individual differences in people's genes, environments, and lifestyles. Precision medicine gives clinicians tools to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying a patient's health, disease, or condition, and to better predict which treatments will be most effective. The healthcare researcher should prepare the new medicine era such as bio-information technology convergence, big data study.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2002

To investigate the change of perception after weight management education in elementary, middle and high school students, a survey was conducted. Same questionnaire was administered twice, before and after weight management education, to 426 students at 9 schools in Seoul area. The mean height, weight and body mass index were 145.5$\pm$8.0cm, 40.0$\pm$8.3kg, 18.6$\pm$3.0 for elementary school students, 160.1$\pm$5.2cm, 50.2$\pm$7.3kg, 19.5$\pm$2.4 for middle school students, and 162.2$\pm$5.0cm, 52.2$\pm$6.4kg, 19.8$\pm$2.3 for high school students, respectively. Before education, their preferred weight and perceived healthy weight was 35.4kg and 37.0kg among elementary school students, 44.8kg and 46.5kg among middle school students, and 47.3kg and 48.9kg among high school students, respectively. Differences between their present body weight and their preferred weight and/or perceived healthy weight appeared to be 4.5kg and 2.9kg in elementary school students, 5.6kg and 4.0kg in middle school students, and 5.1kg and 3.3kg in high school students, respectively. After administering education, the differences decreased to 2.5kg and -0.2kg in elementary school students, 4.2kg and 2.7kg in middle school students, and 4.3kg and 2.0kg in high school students, respectively (p<0.01). And their perception on own body shape was investigated using 5 point scale ('too lean' to 'too fat', 1 to 5) before and after education. The mean values changed from 3.1 to 2.8 in elementary school students, from 3.3 to 3.0 in middle school students, and from 3.4 to 3.2 in high school students (p<0.01). Their satisfaction with own body weight was monitored using 5 point scale ('very satisfied' to 'very unsatisfied', 1 to 5), also. The mean values changed from 3.0 to 2.7 in elementary school students, from 3.6 to 3.2, in middle school students, and from 3.8 to 3.4 in high school students (p<0.01). In the evaluation of their nutrition knowledge about weight control using 10 item quiz, before and after education, the mean quiz score was changed from 6.3 to 7.0 in elementary school students, from 7.0 to 7.9 in middle school students, and from 7.5 to 8.1 in high school students (p<0.01). In summary, nutrition education on weight management improved the subject's perception on perceived healthy weight and own body shape, and satisfaction with present body weight. This result suggests that nutrition education program should incorporate strategies to change incorrect beliefs and knowledge regarding weight control. Onto this, weight control education for students should start from their early age, be repeated periodically and consistently, and focus on the harmful effects of excessive weight loss and information on the practical and scientific ways of weight management.