• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

본 연구는 아파트 단지 내 식재된 조경수목의 생존율, 형태별 및 지반별 생장률을 객관적으로 조사 및 분석함으로서 아파트 단지의 조경식재 개선을 위한 기초자료 제공에 목적이 있다. 연구결과를 하면 다음과 같다. 수목생존율에 있어 상록교목의 경우 소나무가 가장 생존율이 높았으며, 구상나무가 가장 낮았다. 낙엽교목의 경우 감나무, 느티나무, 매실나무, 배롱나무, 은행나무가 높은 생존율을 보였으며, 생존율이 낮은 수종은 마가목, 모과나무 등으로 나타났다. 형태별 수목생장의 경우 상록교목 중 스트로브잣나무가 가장 높았으며, 둥근소나무가 가장 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 낙엽교목의 경우 느티나무의 생장률이 가장 높았으며, 생장률이 낮은 수목은 배롱나무, 백목련, 산수유 등으로 나타났다. 자연지반에서 스트로브잣나무, 산딸나무, 은행나무, 이팝나무 및 단풍나무가 생육이 양호하였으며, 느티나무, 살구나무는 인공지반에서 생육이 좋았다. 향후, 다양한 지역의 조경수목의 생장특성과 본 연구에서 제외된 관목에 대해 연구한다면 객관적인 자료를 도출할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2023

Due to climate change and urbanization, abnormally high temperatures and heat waves are expected to increase in urban and deteriorate thermal comfort. Planting of street trees and changing the albedo of urban surfaces are the strategies for mitigating the thermal environment of urban, and both of these strategies affect the exposure and blocking of radiative fluxes to pedestrians. After measuring the shortwave and longwave radiation according to the ground surface with different albedo and the presence of street trees using the CNR4 net radiometer, this study analyzed the relationship between this two strategies in terms of thermal environment mitigation by calculating the MRT(Mean Radiant Temperature) of each environment. As a result of comparing the difference between the downward shortwave radiation measured under the right tree and at the control, the shortwave radiation blocking effect of the tree increased as the downward shortwave radiation increased. During daytime hours (from 11 am to 3 pm), the MRT difference caused by the albedo difference(The albedo of the surfaces are 0.479 and 0.131, respectively.) on surfaces with no tree is approximately 3.58℃. When tree is present, the MRT difference caused by the albedo difference is approximately 0.49℃. In addition, in the case of the light-colored ground surface with high albedo, the surface temperature was low and the range of temperature change was lower than the surrounding surface with low albedo. This result shows that the urban thermal environment can be midigate through the planting of street trees, and that the ground surface with high albedo can be considered for short pedestrians. These results can be utilized in planning street and open space in urban by choosing surfaces with high albedo along with the shading effect of vegetation, considering the use by various users.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2000

The aim of this study is evaluate artificial soils which are used alone or in a blend with field soil for the greening of artificial ground. To achieve these, determination of physicochemical properties was made in four artificial media[Perlite small grain(PSG), perlite large grain(PLG), crushed porous glass+bark(AS), crushed porous glass(CPG)] used alone and/or in a blend with field soil, then evaluation of their effect on th plant growth of Ligustrum obtusifolium and Syringa vulgaris were conducted. In bulk density of root media at field capacity and the saturated hydraulic conductivity, LG and AS showed good performance. But, PLG was though to be unsuitable as artificial soil when used alone because of poor plant growth. PLG, AS, and CPG were thought to be good when it is used in a blend with field soil. But, PSG was thought to be unsuitable. In the result, PSG is recommended as artificial soil which is used alone for greening of artificial ground. PLG is recommended as artificial soil which is used in a blend with field soil. AS is recommended as artificial soil which is used alone and in a blend with field soil. Thought CPG+field soil(v/v, 1:1) might be undesirable in consideration of the chemical properties in six months after planting, it was thought to be superior to th other treatments in the plant growth. CPG can be used as artificial soil which is used in a blend with field soil. Follow-up studies are being conducted to investigate their effects on the plant growth of the other plants and the practical use of them in artificial grounds.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2021

Background and objective: Particulate matter (PM) has a fatal effect on health. There have been many studies on the use of plants such as trees and shrubs as eco-friendly and sustainable biofilter for the removal of PM. In forming more green space, ground cover plants play an important role in multi-layered planting. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of plants to reduce PM, targeting Korean native ground cover plants with high availability in urban green spaces. Methods: For 4 species of Asteraceae, 4 species of Liliaceae, and 3 species of Rosaceae, one species of plants at a time were placed in an acrylic chamber (800 × 800 × 1000 mm, L × W × H) modeling an indoor space. After the injection of PM, the amount of PM remaining in the chamber over time was investigated. Results: For all three types of PM (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), significant difference occurred in the amount of PM remaining between plant species after 1 hour in the Liliaceae chamber, 3 hours in the Asteraceae chamber, and 5 hours in the Rosaceae chamber. With Liliaceae, the leaf area and the amount of PM remaining in the chamber showed a negative (-) correlation. With the Asteraceae and Rosaceae, there was a weak negative correlation between the leaf area and the amount of PM remaining in the chamber. Conclusion: When using ground cover plants as a biofilter to remove PM, it is considered effective to select a species with a large total leaf area, especially for Liliaceae.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.836-844
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• 2010

본 연구는 GM 배추와 non-GM 배추 계통간의 식물체 생장 특성, 지방산의 조성 및 무기 영양 성분을 분석하여 GM 작물의 평가를 위한 기초 자료로 이용하고자 실시하였다. GM 배추(SKCP)와 모본(SC) 계통을 중부지역과 북부지역에서 2008년 가을과 2009년 봄과 가을에 밀식 및 일반 배치시험구로 나누어 40일간 재배하고 수확 후 특성을 조사하여 SKCP 계통과 SC 계통간의 차이점 및 재배 지역간의 차이를 분석하였다. 밀식 배치 시험구에서 재배된 배추 식물체의 최외각 엽의 특성 9개 항목에 대하여 조사한 결과, 두 지역에서 재배된 SKCP 계통과 SC 계통간에 통계적 유의차는 두 항목(잎의 모양과 모용수)을 제외하곤 크게 나타나지 않았다. 식물체의 지상부의 특성 6개 항목과 지하부의 특성 3개 항목을 조사한 결과, 두 지역 모두에서 SKCP 계통과 SC 계통간의 통계적 유의차는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 다만, 중륵의 길이가 두 지역에서 계통간 약간의 유의차를 보였으며, 재배 지역간에도 통계적 유의차가 발생하였다. 중부와 북부지역의 일반 배치 시험구의 경우 최외각 잎의 특성을 조사한 결과, 9개의 조사 항목 중 4개의 조사 항목에서 SKCP 계통과 SC 계통간의 통계적 유의차를 보였다. 특히 잎의 길이에서는 계통간, 재배 지역간 그리고 재배 시기별로 변이가 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 식물체의 지상부 특성 9개의 조사 항목 중 5개의 항목에서 통계적 유의차가 발생하였으며, 생체중 무게와 중륵의 길이와 넓이에서는 계통간, 지역간 그리고 시기별로 유의차가 크게 나타났다. 2009년도 가을에 중부와 북부 지역의 일반 배치 시험구에서 재배된 배추 식물체의 잎에 존재하는 주된 지방산은 palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid 및 linolenic acid인 것으로 조사되었다. 5 가지 지방산의 총 함량은 재배 지역 및 식물 계통간에 통계적 유의 차가 없었으나 linolenic acid를 제외한 4가지 지방산은 중부와 북부 지역에서 SKCP 비해 SC 계통이 건중량 1g당 함량이 다소 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 배추 식물체의 잎에 존재하는 무기영양성분의 함량을 조사한 결과, 다량 원소는 질소(N), 인(P), 칼슘(Ca), 칼륨(K), 마그네슘(Mg) 및 나트륨(Na)의 6가지이었고 미량원소는 구리(Cu), 철(Fe), 망간(Mn) 및 아연(Zn)의 4가지로 조사되었다. 무기영양 물질의 대사체 분석 데이터를 표준화 작업하여 스코어를 통해 시각화하여 본 결과, GM 및 non-GM 계통간에 특이적 변이에 따른 클러스터 형성은 확인할 수 없었으나, 지역간 차이에 따른 클러스터 형성은 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.304-304
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• 2017

In semi-arid countries such as Namibia, the flooding unexpectedly happens in a rainy season, causing losses in the yield of upland-adapted cereal crop. In flooding conditions, rice roots sequentially form aerenchyma and a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL), and oxygen is released into the rhizosphere near the root tips. Iijima et al. (2016) and Awala et al. (2016) reported that close mixed-planting with rice can mitigate the flood stress of co-growing upland-adapted cereal crop by modifying their rhizosphere microenvironments via the oxygen released from the rice roots. Moreover, by using the model system of hydroponic culture, it was confirmed that oxygen from rice roots was transferred to co-growing upland-adapted cereal crop in close mixed planting system (Kawato et al., 2016). However, it is not sure whether the ability of oxygen release varies among rice cultivars, because Kawato et al. (2016) used only one japonica cultivar, Nipponbare (Oryza sativa). The objective of this study was to compare the ability of oxygen release in rhizosphere among rice cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a climate chamber in Kindai University. We used 10 rice cultivars from three different rice species (O. sativa (var. japonica (2), var. indica (3)), Oryza glaberrima Steud. (2) and their interspecific progenies (3)) to compare the ability of oxygen release from the roots. According to the method by Kawato et al. (2016), the dissolved oxygen concentration of phase I (with shoot) and phase II (without shoot) were measured by a fiber optic oxygen-sensing probe. The oxygen released from rice roots was calculated from the difference of the measurements between phase I and phase II. The result in this study indicated that all of the rice cultivars released oxygen from their roots, and the amount of released oxygen was significantly correlated with the above-ground biomass (r = 0.710). The ability of oxygen release (the amount of the oxygen release per fresh root weight) of indica cultivars (O. sativa) tended to be higher as compared with the other cultivars. On the other hand, that of African rice (O. glaberrima) and the interspecific progenies tended to be lower. These results suggested that the ability of oxygen release widely varies among rice cultivars, and some of indica cultivars (O. sativa) may be suitable for close mixed-planting to mitigate flood stress of upland-adapted cereal crop.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1029-1035
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• 2005

A 3${\times}$4 factorial field experiment with a complete randomised split-plot design with four replicates was conducted from June 2002 to March 2003 at the experimental farm of the Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to determine effects of different harvesting heights (10, 30 and 50 cm above the ground) and cutting intervals (45, 60, 90 and 285 days) on yield of foliage and tubers, and chemical composition of the foliage. Cassava of the variety KM 94 grown in plots of 5 m${\times}$10 m at a planting distance of 30 cm${\times}$50 cm was hand-harvested according to respective treatments, starting 105 days after planting. Foliage from the control treatment (285 days) and all tubers were only harvested at the final harvest 285 days after planting. Dry matter and crude protein foliage yields increased in all treatments compared to the control. Mean foliage dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields were 4.57, 3.53, 2.49, and 0.64 tonnes DM $ha^{-1}$ and 939, 684, 495 and 123 kg CP $ha^{-1}$ with 45, 60, 90 and 285 day cutting intervals, respectively. At harvesting heights of 10, 30 and 50 cm the DM yields were 4.27, 3.67 and 2.65 tonnes $ha^{-1}$ and the CP yields were 810, 745 and 564 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. The leaf DM proportion was high, ranging from 47 to 65%. The proportion of leaf and petiole increased and the stem decreased with increasing harvesting heights and decreasing cutting intervals. Crude protein content in cassava foliage ranged from 17.7 to 22.6% and was affected by harvesting height and cutting interval. The ADF and NDF contents of foliage varied between 22.6 and 30.2%, and 34.2 and 41.2% of DM, respectively. The fresh tuber yield in the control treatment was 34.5 tonnes $ha^{-1}$. Cutting interval and harvesting height had significant negative effects on tuber yield. The most extreme effect was for the frequent foliage harvesting at 10 cm harvesting height, which reduced the tuber yield by 72%, while the 90 day cutting intervals and 50 cm harvesting height only reduced the yield by 7%. The mean fresh tuber yield decreased by 56, 45 and 27% in total when the foliage was harvested at 45, 60 and 90 day cutting intervals, respectively. It is concluded that the clear effects on quantity and quality of foliage and the effect on tuber yield allow alternative foliage harvesting principles depending on the need of fodder for animals, value of tubers and harvesting cost. An initial foliage harvest 105 days after planting and later harvests with 90 days intervals at 50 cm harvesting height increased the foliage DM and CP yield threefold, but showed only marginal negative effect on tuber yield.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

본 연구는 고문헌을 통하여 광릉 전나무 식재의 사적 근거를 밝히고자 "조선왕조실록(朝鮮王朝實錄)", "승정원일기(承政院日記)", "비변사등록(備邊司謄錄)", "일성록(日省錄)" 등의 식재기록을 분석하였다. 선행 연구와 산림생태조사 및 도복된 전나무 연륜을 통하여 현재 광릉 전나무의 수령을 추정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 능제는 가장 보수적인 체제로 광릉 조성 과정 중 식재는 전례에 따라 이루어졌을 것이다. 건원릉을 시작으로 능침수목 식재기록을 통하여 소나무, 잣나무, 버드나무가 식재되었던 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 조선후기 능침 작벌 문제가 심각해지자 정조 22년 무오년 수교가 반포되었으며, 이후 봄 가을로 정기 식재가 이루어졌다. 정조 23년 기록을 통하여 조성 및 관리 연한이 오래된 9개 능을 대상으로 식재 주수를 파악할 수 있었으며, 광릉에는 잣나무와 잡목이 식재되었다. 셋째, 무오년 수교가 고종 치세 31년간 지켜지고 있으며, 예조별단을 통해 구체적인 식재 수종, 식재 장소, 식재 주수를 확인할 수 있었다. 고종 22년부터 25년까지 4년간 광릉에는 지속적으로 전나무가 식재되었으며 잣나무를 식재한 곳은 광릉이 유일하였다. 넷째, 도복된 전나무 연륜을 통하여 수령 파악이 가능했으며, 현존 광릉 전나무 식재 시기는 철종 10년 이후부터 고종 연간으로 판단하였다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제1권
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• pp.113-140
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• 1983

This is a study on a landscape planning along the street 1~4, which are gateways to Taegu city and an important scenery. Therefore, emphasis was given to provide a bright, clean and beautiful first impression to visitors and citizens. The area is being developed for education and athletic park. Plans to construct a fountain, pergolas and a pond were set up to complement the active and passive facilities to the existing a athletic facilities in the area. Since D part in the area have alkali soil (pH 8.1), soil amendment is necessary for successful growth of trees and ground covers. When the area is filled or added with new soil for soil amendment, it will be important to use fresh soil which can support plant growth. It will be ideal to use ground covers and shrubs on the existing retaining walls along the street for keeping natural vegetation and slope stability instead of further cutting and reconstruction. It is not reasonable in technical and economic sense to remove rocks of the slope for planting trees. In order to harmonize plant color distribute, tall needle and broad leaf trees in the background as a screen, flowering trees were arranged in groups at front, and annuals were mass-planted along the footway. Natural-form-trees will be planted because they not only serve as a greenbelt but also are more economics in maintenance than formative trees.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type ($39.2\%$) and highest for erect type ($75.8\%$) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at $5\%$ level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the non plant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.