• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation method to assess green environments of streetscapes to improve urban street green spaces in Jeonju City. Through a rapid assessment of urban street green spaces, we suggest an objective basis for expanding street green space as well as for adopting sustainable maintenance and improvement measures. We choose 12 sections of streetscapes (roads and sidewalks) to investigate existing street conditions which have more than four lanes and function as major road axes. Six large roads and six medium roads of Jeonju City center area are investigated as pilot assessment study sites. Site inventory checklists consist of environmental characteristics of streetscape, street tree status, and planting condition evaluation. Environmental characteristics of streetscapes are composed of physical and neighborhood factors. For instance, items for physical factors are types and width of road/sidewalks, paving materials, tree protection materials, and green strip. And surrounding landuse is a neighborhood factor. Assessment items for street tree status are street plant names (tree/shrubs/ground cover), size, and planting intervals. Planting condition evaluation items are tree shape, damage, canopy density, and planting types with existence of adjacent green space. Evaluation results are classified into three levels such as A(maintain or repair), B(greening enhancement), and C(structural improvement). In case of grade A, streetscapes have enough sidewalk width for maintaining green strip and a multi-layered planting(in large road only) with fairly good growing conditions of street trees. For grade B and C, streetscapes have a moderate level of sidewalk width with a single street tree planting. In addition, street tree growing conditions are appeared poor so that green enhancement or maintenance measures are needed. For median, only grade B and C are found as its planting growing foundations are very limited in space. As a result, acquiring enough sidewalk space is essential to enhance ecological quality of urban street green. Especially, it is necessary to have green strip with reasonable widths for plant growing conditions in sidewalks. In addition, we need to consider native species with multi-layer plant compositions while designing street green.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.399-405
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• 1996

In order to maintain a constant speed ratio between the tractor and attached seed planter, a feedback control unit to rotate the feed shaft of the planter in proportional to the ground speed of the tractor was designed. The fifth wheel was used as a ground speed sensor for the unit. Using this control unit a feed shaft driving system was developed and tested to estimate its performance both in laboratory and fields. The test results showed that the system rotates the feed shaft proportionally to the ground speed in the range of the normal planting speed of 0.5-0.8m/s with errors less than 5%.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 1998

쇠무릎의 적정(適正) 재식밀도(栽植密度)가 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하고자 나주(羅州) 자생수집종(自生蒐集種)을 공시하여 90cm 두둑에 재식밀도(栽植密度)를 조간(條間) 20cm, 25cm, 30cm의 3수준(水準)과 주간(株間) 5cm 7cm, 9cm의, 3수준(水準)으로 처리(處理)하고 시비량(施肥量)을 10a당(當) 실소(室素) 6kg, 인산(燐酸)14kg, 가리(加里)8kg 및 퇴비(堆肥) 1,500kg을 시용(施用) 후(後) 4월(月) 15일(日)에 $4{\sim}5$입(粒)씩 점파(点播)하여 양질(良質)의 생약(生藥) 생산(生産) 및 안정적(安定的)인 재배법(栽培法) 확립(確立)하고자 시험(試驗)한 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양의 화학성(化學性)은 시험후 토양이 시험전 토양에 비해 유기물(有機物), 유효인산(有效燐酸), 칼리, 칼슘, 마그네슘, C. E. C 함량이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 2. $30{\times}9cm$의 소식(疎植) 재배구(栽培區)에서 경태(莖太)가 굵고 주당(株當) 분지수(分枝數) 및 지근수(枝根數)는 많았으나 $25{\times}5cm$(57, 140주(株)/10a) 구(區)에서 면적당 입모수(立毛數)가 많아 경장(莖長)이 길어지고 세근(細根)이 적어진 반면에 주근장(主根長)과 주근경(主根徑)이 커져 단위(單位) 면적당(面積當) 근수량(根收量)은 증가되었다. 3. 건근수량(乾根數量)은 $25{\times}5cm$ 구(區)에서 $25{\times}5cm$ (306kg/10a)의 밀식구(密植區)에 비하여 상근중(上根重) 비율(比率)이 71%로 높아지고 잔뿌리가 적어져 품질이 향상되어 71% 증수(增收)를 보였다. 4. $25{\times}5cm$ 밀식재배(密植栽培)에서 건근수량(乾根收量)은 경태(莖太), 주당(株當) 분지양(分枝數) 생경엽중(生莖葉重) 및 근수(根數)와는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보였으며 경태(莖太), 절수(節數), 주근장(主根長,. 주근경(主根徑) 및 북근중(北根重) 북(比) 율(率) 등(等)과는 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 인정되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to compare growth condition of landscape woody plants growing on the different ground structures in apartment complex. I chose Manseok Beach Town Complex 2, in Manseok-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon which has both natural and artificial ground as a subject site. Analysis of three phases of soil showed that artificial ground had average liquid phase of 30.89%, artificial ground mounding 33.88% and natural ground 24.40%. It means that artificial ground has higher water content than natural ground despite having same earthiness. It is believed that artificial ground is not as well drained as natural ground even though it is connected to the natural ground and has a deep soil depth because of mounding. Comparative study between woody plants on natural ground and those on artificial ground demonstrated that trees on natural ground grew 40.4% compared to those on artificial ground(0.875mm more) in terms of diameter growth. Average diameter growth of trees on natural ground was 3.040mm against 2.165mm for those on artificial ground. All 19 tree species which were measured for root diameter growth showed similar or higher growth on natural ground than on artificial ground. When it comes to growth of height, arborvitae showed highest growth on natural ground, followed by Thuja occidentalis, Pinus strobus, Magnolia denudata, Diospyros kaki and Aesculus turbinata. I measured branch growth and rate of leaf adherence of Pinus strobus. Average annual rate of branch growth of woody plants on natural ground was twice as high as those on artificial ground. I could conclude that ground structure influences branch growth of Pinus strobus. Statistics analysis of tree damage demonstrated significant result, meaning that there is a difference in the average damage rate depending on structure of ground. In order to validate growth difference by planting ground, I conducted T-Test of growth of diameter, root diameter, branch and height on woody plants growing on natural and artificial ground. As a result, it is believed that there is a difference in the growth of trees depending on the ground structure. Putting all these results together demonstrates that woody plants on natural ground generally grow better than those on artificial ground, which means ground structure does have an influence on the environment of growth of trees.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

The unmanaged abandoned concrete roads are vulnerable toward the issues on soil and water pollution, which requires flexible managing method such as eco-corridor after the process of ecological restoration. Among various alternations of abandoned concrete-paved roads, ecological restoration technique may be the most suitable method in sites including high quality of natural environment. Therefore, as in Young dong province, GyungBu express highway (227.24~229.04km), which is near to Hwang-gan IC, the survey to measure its effect of soil under the paving and water pollution by abandoned concrete roads was discussed. Then, the restoration method of plantings of landscape trees and hydro-seeding methods of artificial soil media was appraised through consecutive monitoring. The soil adequacy analysis shows lower percentage of heavy metal substance in each depth level compared to standard limit stated by the Ministry of Environment, along with low concerns raised after the analysis on heavy metal content of the spilled water on the concrete roads. Meanwhile, Korean Weigela (Weigela subsessilis L.H. Baily) was found to be withered in small-scale landscape trees planting sites. Among the seeding plants. the family of leguminosae, Silene armeria, Dendranthema boreale, Caryopteris incana and Aster yomena show good establishment results. Overall studies on planting of small and large landscape trees, planting method of container plants, planting method of ground cover plants, and germination and development trend of seeding plants of the experimental restoration site on abandoned concrete roads are revealing specific trends in the way landscape woody plants establishment and growth. Finally, this study suggests further studies and survey on varied plant restoration methods on abandoned concrete-roads for developed design guidelines of their methods.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.138-153
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• 2018

본 연구는 조선 후기에 제작된 <동궐도(東闕圖)>의 분석을 통해 창덕궁 돈화문 지역의 식생 경관을 입체적으로 규명하고자 하였으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, <동궐도>에 묘사된 수목은 17세기에 중국으로부터 유입된 수목 표현 입문서인 "개자원화전(芥子園畵傳)"을 토대로 유형의 구분이 가능하였다. 분류 결과에 따라 <동궐도>의 돈화문 지역에 표현된 수목은 10종 50주로 확인되었다. 둘째, <동궐도>의 입면 제작 축척을 이용하여 그림에 묘사된 수목의 실제 크기를 산정할 수 있었다. 산출된 수목의 수고는 최소 4.37m에서 최대 22.37m로 다양하게 나타났다. <동궐도> 제작 이전부터 창덕궁에 생육하고 있는 것으로 확인된 노거수와의 비교를 통해 그림에 묘사된 수목들이 과도하지 않게 현실감 있는 크기로 제작된 것이 확인되었다. 셋째, <동궐도>의 러버쉬팅변환(Rubber Sheeting Transformation)을 통해 현재 수치지형도에 <동궐도>의 식재 평면도 제작이 가능하였다. 특히, 변환 지역의 세분화와 통제점 추가를 통해 제작된 평면도의 정밀도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. 작성된 <동궐도>의 식재 평면도를 통해서 수목의 위치와 밀도의 변화를 파악할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 <동궐도>에서 취득된 수목의 형상 정보와 식재 평면도를 이용하여 3차원 식생 모델의 제작이 가능하였다. 3차원 모델은 실제 사람의 눈높이에서 조망축, 스카이라인, 주변으로의 개방과 차폐 정도 등 현황과의 입체적 경관 비교를 가능하게 함으로써 당시의 조망 특성을 검토하는데 유용하였다. 본 연구는 기존에 논의되어 온 <동궐도>의 사실적 표현을 입증하고 이에 근거하여 기록화에 묘사된 동궐의 식생 경관의 원형을 규명하기 위한 가능성을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: The successful management of jujube trees depends on maintaining a balance between reproductive and vegetative growth. In general, heading cuts of trunk stimulate rather vegetative growth, but could decrease flower initiation. This study was conducted to establish a heading-back pruning severities at planting in the one year old 'Daeneung' jujube whip nursery tree by investigating vegetative growth and fruit yield. METHODS AND RESULTS: The heading back pruning severity was assigned as 5 different ranges as follow: one bud (TR-10, heading back pruning was 10 cm above the ground), three buds (TR-30), five buds (TR-50), seven buds (TR-70), and nine buds (TR-90) were left of scion. The number of buds on whip trunk was correlated to the central leader length and increment of trunk cross-sectional area, negatively, and to the tree height and canopy volume, positively. The yields in the TR-50 treatment were higher about 2 times than other treatments. The fruit diameter was not significantly different among the treatments. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the optimum location of heading-back pruning in one year old 'Daeneung' jujube tree was 50 cm above the ground as evaluated by the balance of reproductive and vegetative growth.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

본 연구는 임해매립지에서 생태적인 복구를 위한 토양관리 방안을 제시하기 위하여 매립특성에 따라 준설매립지역에서 매립연도를 구분하여 준설토의 화학적 특징을 조사하였고, 수목이 염류에 피해를 받지 않도록 여러 가지 식재기반을 조성한 후 조성방법에 대한 염류차단 효과를 검토하였다. 준설초기의 토양은 침출용액의 pH 7.5, EC $11.3{\sim}10.6dSm^{-1}$ 치환성나트륨백분율이 34.8~35.2%로 알칼리성염류토양의 특징을 나타냈고, EC, 치환성 $Na^+$, $Cl^-$의 양은 매립 후 6년까지 현저하게 감소되었으나 토양의 화학적 특성은 수목이 생장하기에는 아주 부적절한 조건을 가지고 있었다. 식재기반 조성지에서 토양중 치환성나트륨백분율은 표층보다 심층에서 높았으며, 완충녹지보다 근린공원과 가로수지역에서 높게 나타났다. 토양포화침출용액에서 $Na^+$, $Cl^-$와 $SO_4^{2-}$의 농도는 다른 이온들보다 높았고, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$의 농도는 표층보다 심충에서 증가하였으며, 완충녹지보다 근린공원과 가로수지역에서 높았다. 토양중 $Ca^{2+}+Mg^{2+}$ 함량은 근린공원과 가로수지역보다 완충녹지에서 높았으나 토양 포화침출용액내 $Ca^{2+}+Mg^{2+}$ 함량은 완충녹지보다 근린공원과 가로수에서 높았는데 이는 토양중 치환성 $Na^+$ 함량 차이에서 기인되었다. 따라서 임해매립지의 식재기반 조성방법에 대한 염류차단효과는 완충녹지가 가장 높았으며, 가로수지 역에서 염분농도는 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고 동일한 식재기반 조성에 대하여 성토높이에 따라서 염분차단 효과는 다르게 나타나 성토 높이가 70cm보다 120cm인 지역이 토양중 염분농도가 낮았다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

적합한 조경식재를 통한 녹지 확충은 저탄소 사회를 구현하는데 필수적 역할이다. 본 연구는 주요 조경수종의 수령에 따른 줄기 직경 생장률, 지하부/지상부 생체량비 및 탄소흡수량의 변화를 분석하였다. 연구대상 수목은 중부지방에 식재된 11개 수종 및 112개체이었다. 줄기 직경 생장률과 지하부/지상부 생체량비는 근굴취를 포함한 직접수확법을 통해 측정한 자료를 바탕으로 분석하였다. 수령에 따른 탄소흡수량 변화는 유도한 계량모델을 적용하여 산정하였다. 연구대상 수목의 수령 30년에 걸친 연간 흉고직경 생장률은 낙엽수 평균 0.72cm/년 및 상록수 0.83cm/년이었다. 수령 전체의 지하부/지상부 생체량비는 낙엽수 평균 0.40 및 상록수 0.23으로서, 낙엽수의 뿌리 생체량은 상록수보다 약 1.7배 많았다. 수령별 그 생체량비는 수령 증가에 따라 감소한다는 기존 연구 결과와 상이하였다. 수령 25년까지의 누적 탄소흡수량은 느티나무가 198.3kg으로서 가장 많았고, 이어서 왕벚나무 121.7kg, 잣나무 117.5kg, 소나무 77.4kg 등의 순이었다. 느티나무의 누적 탄소흡수량은 동일 기간 가정용 전력소비에 따른 1인당 탄소배출량의 약 5%를 상쇄하는 셈이었다. 연구대상 조경수의 생장률과 탄소흡수능은 동일 수종의 산림수목보다 훨씬 양호하였다. 연구 결과에 근거하여, 수종 선정, 식재밀도, 생장지반 조성 등을 포함하여 탄소흡수를 증진하기 위한 조경식재 및 관리방안을 모색하였다. 본 연구는 수령에 따른 조경수의 생장 및 탄소흡수 변화를 구명하는 초석 연구로서 저탄소 도시녹지 조성에 유용하길 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-82
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• 1993

In the middle areas of South Korea, we collected 308 wild herbaceous species for studying the possibility of landscaping and, growing them at West in Yongin country of Kyunggi province. We observed their vegetative and flowering characteristic. And the result is as follow: 1. 76 species(24.7%) such as Hosta capitata, etc. of them are thought useful for flower-bedding or landscaping for park and ground-covering, while 94 species(30.6%) are regarded useful for ground-covering, potting and indoor-planting. They are Nepatica maxima and Thaliticum minus var. hypoleucum, etc. 46 species(15%) seems to be useful for flower-bedding, ground-covering and potting. 2. 264(85.7%) of all the observed species are for the enjoyment of their flowers, while 36 species(11.4%) for the enjoyment of their leaves, and 9 species(2.9%) for their fruit. They are Viburnum dilatatum, etc. 3. As for the relation of their habits to light conditions, 148 species(48%) grow int he full sun of more than 50,000Lux, 138 species(44.8%) usually in in the half shade of 20,000 to 30,000Lux, 15 species(4.9%) in the shade of some 10,000Lux, and 7 speciese grow either in the full sun or in the shde. 4. some species such as Wasabia koreansa, Allium succuliferum, Asterglehni, Ligulariafisheri, Ligularia stenocephala Epimedium koreanum are considered available as edible plants as well as ornamentals plants, and Houttuynia cordata. Saururus chinensis, Epimedium koreanum need to be further developed not only as ornamental plants but also medicinal plants.