• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and to analyze the factors affecting the quality of life (QoL) of survivors of critical illness. Methods: Subjects were 114 outpatients who had been discharged from intensive care units of a university hospital in B city, Korea. From July 30 through September 30, 2015, PICS was assessed using the Korean Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale, Korean Instrumental/Activities of Daily Living (K-I/ADL) index, and handwriting transformation, while physical and mental health-related QoL was measured using the SF-12. Results: Of the subjects, 39.5% were screened for mild cognitive disorder and 23.7% experienced handwriting transformation after discharge. Multiple regression analysis revealed that restraint application, current job, time of ${\geq}36$ months after discharge, depression, anxiety, and handwriting transformation accounted for 40.9% of the physical health-related QoL, and depression, anxiety and experience of delirium accounted for 62.4% of the mental health-related QoL. Conclusions: It is necessary to make efforts to reduce restraint application in intensive care units and prevent the occurrence of delirium, with the objective of reducing PICS and improving the QoL of critical illness survivors.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.141-162
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• 2001

This study focuses on“Intellectual Freedom”based on the fundamental principles of library user services in Western countries. Particularly, this paper pursues to the philosophical foundations of“the freedom of expression”. It also studies how“the freedom of expression”was restrained by pursuing the definitions of“pornography”and “obscenity”in terms of the court's opinions of The Supreme Court of the United States. Also, PICS and the Communication Decency Acts were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.164-165
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.609-616
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• 2016

The Passenger Service Equipment(PSE) provide various train operation data such as flag station data. When PSE incur service failures or errors, passengers who use the train feel great inconvenience. In this paper, I have chosen PSE that were important to passengers and have applied Reliability Centered Maintenance(RCM), deviating from the existing perspective that operators have taken to perform RCM. FMEA/FMECA was performed for reliability analysis of the PSE. The highly critical device among the PSE is defined as the Passenger Information Control System(PICS), which is used to control the automatic announcement and signaling board. Through Weibull distribution of the PICS, failure analysis was performed. Based on the analyzed results, I have proposed a solution that will minimize service failure of PICS.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to integrate the results of qualitative studies to understand critical care survivors' experience of the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). Methods: This was a meta-synthesis of primary studies that used qualitative methods. We reviewed 26 qualitative studies on PICS selected from 8 international and Korean databases and from a manual search. Thomas and Harden's 3 stages (free coding, development of descriptive themes, generation of analytical themes) for thematic synthesis were utilized to analyze the collected qualitative data. Results: Four descriptive themes emerged from the thematic synthesis: weak physical conditions, psycho-emotional changes, the painful-memory of intensive care units, and social vulnerability. The analytical theme for the current study was "unfamiliarity with the vulnerable self." Critical care survivors had to confront entirely different "selves" after discharge from intensive care units. They had become physically weak, psychologically unstable, and the critical memories continued to create distress. These changes increased their social vulnerability by making them dependent on others, causing family conflicts, and changing interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: Finding from this qualitative synthesis and other related literature highlight the severity of PICS and the importance of rehabilitative intervention for critical care survivors.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2023

Composite structures have been designed by stacking the laminae with different stacking angles to meet the required mechanical performance. Although the induced stresses on the composite structures under the external loads usually differ depending on the location, we determined the stacking sequence based on the maximum stress, which leads to low efficiency and generally is not the optimum design. Recently, piecewise integrated composites (PICs) were suggested for solving this inefficiency. PICs assume the perfect bonding between adjacent pieces, but this is ideal and hard to accomplish. Therefore, the overlap at the boundary is essential to prevent separation from each other. In this study, we investigated the effect of the overlap design on the impact failure mode of PIC plates. We fabricated the sample composite plates with different overlap designs using the fast curing carbon prepreg and conducted the impact tests according to ASTM D 7136. We found that PICs had different failure modes according to the overlap design, which lead the changes of absorbed impact energies as well as impact load curves.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to re-assess the replacement time intervals of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters (PICs) by investigating phlebitis rates according to the indwelling times of PICs. Methods: The study was conducted on 340 patients in S hospital by an IV team. After PIC insertion, IV team members evaluated once a day. The PICs were replaced every 96 hours, and let them in situ when the patients wanted to, in the absence of any sign of complications, from 97 hours to 153 hours. Results: Total phlebitis rate was 19.6%. There were no significantly different factors associated with the occurrence of phlebitis. The incidence rates of phlebitis were 12.6% and 7.0% before and after 72 hours of PIC insertion, and recorded zero after 96 hours. Conclusion: It would be recommendable to maintain PIC in situ for longer than 72 hours if there is no sign of complication such as phlebitis in close monitoring of PIC insertion site.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.375-384
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• 2003

This study is on the strategy for establishing successful corporate brand image, by understanding the need for increasing brand value based on the level of brand recognition. In order to carry this out, the PICS (Product Image Concentration System) is suggested, which includes Brand Image Analysis on a high-level, Product Image Programming based on the result of the image analysis, and Product Image Coherency Assessment and Management, resulting in setting up a guideline for gaining competitive advantage and brand management. Brand Image Analysis is a method that utilizes image association to understand brand disposition by analyzing the association pattern among available visual materials to measure the corporate and brand image inclinations. As the next step, Product Image Programming establishes design philosophy and principles based on the analysis of brand image, and the Visual Programming is a process for visualizing the intended product image direction. Lastly, Product Image Coherency Assessment examines whether to incorporate design philosophy and principles or not to arrive at an agreed evaluation criteria for developing designs coherent with the brand image. The PICS (Product Image Concentration System) is a practical method for increasing a company' competitive advantage and managing brand. The expectation on this system is to provide a guideline for applying brand image in design process more objectively. For further study, diversification of image spectrum based on expressive keywords and comparative analysis on images as well as a product image interpretation program to understand the order of visual materials will be necessary.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.308-309
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• 2004

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.897-905
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• 1994

Project Informations Classification System (PICS) can be utilized as a springboard for advanced construction management techniques because it marries informations to networks and maintains a disciplined cost control. The present study attempts to develop a PICS which can be applied in construction management techniques. The frame work largely consists of the three parts such as: (i) development of the tentative Work Breakdown Structure with three divisions, facility calssifications, functional classifications and work classifications, covering the whole areas of civil works, (ii) development of the integrated informations system including the other informations in cost estimating and network scheduling, (iii) construction of relational database system for computer application. The system suggested in the study is found useful for the systematic and uniform management of construction works in the various stages.