• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

Background: Nerve ligation injury may produce mechanical allodynia, but this can be reversed after an intrathecal administration of adenosine analogues. In many animal and human studies, ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockers have been known to reverse the antinociceptive effect of various drugs. This study was performed to evaluate the mechanical antiallodynic effects of spinal R-PIA (Adenosine A1 receptor agonist) and the reversal of these effects due to pretreatment with glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker). Thus, the relationship between the antiallodynic effects of R-PIA and ATP-sensitive potassium channel were investigated in a neuropathic model. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were prepared by tightly ligating the left lumbar 5th and 6th spinal nerves and implantation of a chronic lumbar intrathecal catheter for drug administration. The mechanical allodynia was measured by applying von Frey filaments ipsilateral to the lesioned hind paw. And the thresholds for paw withdrawal assessed. In study 1, either R-PIA (0.5, 1 and $2{\mu}g$) or saline were administered intrathecally for the examination of the antiallodynic effect of R-PIA. In study 2, glibenclamide (2, 5, 10 and 20 nM) was administered intrathecally 5 min prior to an R-PIA injection for investigation of the reversal of the antiallodynic effects of R-PIA. Results: The antiallodynic effect of R-PIA was produced in a dose dependent manner. In study 1, the paw withdrawal threshold was significantly increased with $2{\mu}g$ R-PIA (P < 0.05). In study 2, the paw withdrawal threshold with $2{\mu}g$ R-PIA was significantly decreased almost dose dependently by intrathecal pretreatment of 5, 10 and 20 nM glibenclamide (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrated that an intrathecal injection of ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockers prior to an intrathecal injection of adenosine A1 receptors agonist had an antagonistic effect on R-PIA induced antiallodynia. The results suggest that the mechanism of mechanical antiallodynia, as induced by an intrathecal injection of R-PIA, may involve the ATP-sensitive potassium channel at both the spinal and supraspinal level in a rat nerve ligation injury model.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Assurance Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.153-160
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• 2004

전자정부가 출범하면서 국민의 편익과 업무의 효율을 가져오는 혁신적인 계기가 되었다. 그러나 전자정부 서비스 실현을 위한 11개의 국책사업 중 교육행정정보시스템(NEIS)의 문제로 인해 개인정보보호에 대해 사회적인 관심을 가지게 되었다. 이에 대한 해결방안으로 미국과 캐나다에서 실시하는 프라이버시 영향 평가(Privacy Impact Assessment)를 도입하여 위험분석 방법과 통합한 새로운 PIA모델을 제시한다. 또한 외국의 PIA 적용사례(Canada PIA report)를 통해 PIA를 실시해야 하는 이유에 대해 기술하고자 한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2013

The selective targeting of an integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor using radioligands may enable the assessment of angiogenesis and integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor status in tumors. The aim of this research was to label a peptidomimetic integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ antagonist (PIA) with $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$ and to test its receptor targeting properties in nude mice bearing receptor-positive tumors. PIA was reacted with tris-succinimidyl aminotriacetate (TSAT) (20 mM) as a PIA per TSAT. The product, PIA-aminodiacetic acid (ADA), was radiolabeled with $[^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3]^{+1}$, and purified sequentially on a Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge followed by a Sep-Pak QMA anion exchange cartridge. Using gradient C-18 reverse-phase HPLC, the radiochemical purity of $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA (retention time, 10.5 min) was confirmed to be > 95%. Biodistribution analysis was performed in nude mice (n = 5 per time point) bearing receptor-positive M21 human melanoma xenografts. The mice were administered $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA intravenously. The animals were euthanized at 0.33, 1, and 2 hr after injection for the biodistribution study. A separate group of mice were also co-injected with 200 ${\mu}g$ of PIA and euthanized at 1 hr to quantify tumor uptake. $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA was stable in phosphate buffer for 21 hr, but at 3 and 6 hr, 7.9 and 11.5% of the radioactivity was lost as histidine, respectively. In tumor bearing mice, $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA accumulated rapidly in a receptor-positive tumor with a peak uptake at 20 min, and rapid clearance from blood occurring primarily through the hepatobiliary system. At 20 min, the tumor-to-blood ratio was 1.8. At 1 hr, the tumor uptake was 0.47% injected dose (ID)/g, but decreased to 0.12% ID/g when co-injected with an excess amount of PIA, indicating that accumulation was receptor mediated. These results demonstrate successful $^{99m}TC$ labeling of a peptidomimetic integrin antagonist that accumulated in a tumor via receptor-specific binding. However, tumor uptake was very low because of low blood concentrations that likely resulted from rapid uptake of the agent into the hepatobiliary system. This study suggests that for $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA to be useful as a tumor detection agent, it will be necessary to improve receptor binding affinity and increase the hydrophilicity of the product to minimize rapid hepatobiliary uptake.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 2013

Since Personal Information Protection Act came into effect on September 2011, PIA(Privacy Impact Assessment) of public institutions has become obliged. Therefore, an increasing demand for PIA professionals is being expected. In domestic, however, no specialized certificates exist and therefore similar certificates have become a requirement for PIA professionals. Henceforth, however, the system based on these similar certificates is to be an obstacle to advancing PIA. Therefore, this study analyzes the sufficiency of current similar certificates compared with the PIA qualification requirements. And then, analyzes the validity of allowance as similar certificates by using this outcome of the validity. As this comparison draws a clear gap between PIA qualification and similar certificates, this paper suggest three suggestions to improve current qualification. Three suggestions are expected to contribute a qualitative improvement of the PIA industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.152-162
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• 2005

A vast amount of the national college entrance information and a broad range of contents make it more difficult for user to find, collect and compare the data. In this study, we find out how users work to collect, compare data through the usability test and take cognizance of difficulty and requirements on national college entrance information web-site. And then we give the planning for designing national college entrance information web-site through a personalized information architecture(PIA) system. Namely, this paper provides a guideline for designing a user-centric personalized information architecture(PIA) system through the usability test.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.634-637
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• 2013

개인정보 영향평가(이하 PIA)는 시스템을 가동하기 전에 미리 개인정보 제공자의 프라이버시에 미치는 영향을 평가하여 프라이버시 침해 위험을 감소시키는 평가방법이다. 일본에서는 민간 기업이 중심이 되어 PIA를 실시해왔으며, PIA 보급을 위한 지침과 위험도 평가 방법을 개발하여 유효성 평가에 관한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 발표에서는 일본의 PIA실시 현황과 2016년부터 공공기관에 의무화 될 예정인 마이 넘버(My Number) 제도에 대한 PIA에 관해 발표하겠다.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.271-273
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• 2007