• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2006

In this paper, a Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) employed in an electric vehicle (EV) is designed using the finite element method (FEM). The static torque of the SRM is estimated through magnetic field analysis. The SRM temperature rise over operation time is estimated through heat transfer analysis. First, static torque and temperature rise over the time of 600W SRM is included in the experiment set, and are compared with the calculated results using the FEM under the same conditions. The validity of the magnetic field analysis and heat transfer analysis is verified by the comparisons. In addition, a 60 [kW] SRM employed in an EV, whose output characteristics are equal to a 1500 [cc] gasoline engine, is designed under magnetic field analysis and heat transfer analysis.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.951-958
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• 2013

This paper proposes the controller design for a stability improvement of an on-board battery charger. The system is comprised of a power factor correction (PFC) circuit and phase shift full-bridge DC-DC converter. The PFC circuit performs the control of the DC-link voltage and the input power factor. The DC-DC converter regulates the voltage and the current in the battery using the DC-link voltage. This paper proposes the design method of PI controller for the PFC circuit using a small signal model. The analysis and design of a type-three controller for the DC-DC converter is also presented. A simulation and experiment has been performed on the on-board battery charger and their results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed system.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2015

본 논문은 3상 인버터에 사용되는 전류제어기 모델링을 복소벡터를 이용하여 해석한다. 동기좌표계에서 다중 입 출력 구조로 구성되어 있는 제어기 모델링을 복소 벡터 표기를 이용하여 단일 입 출력 구조로 나타낼 수 있어 제어기 설계 및 해석이 간편하다는 장점이 있다. 동기좌표계에서 RL부하는 커플링 성분이 존재한다. 동기주파수 50Hz, 200Hz일 경우 일반적인 PI 전류제어기 특성을 확인했으며, 동기 주파수가 200Hz이며 커플링 성분인 L값이 ${\pm}30%$인 조건에서 디커플링 및 복소 벡터 전류제어기의 특성을 비교했다. 디커플링 제어기의 특성은 오버슈트가 발생하고 긴 정착시간이 걸리지만 복소 벡터 전류 제어기는 커플링 성분의 오차에 관계없이 안정적으로 제어 수행이 가능하다. 시스템의 파라미터의 불확실성에 대해 복소 벡터 전류제어기가 강인한 특성을 가진다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.246-247
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• 2010

This paper proposed a method for controlling the active power of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) system by the quasi-Z-source inverter (QZSI). The MPPT of PV array is achieved by adjusting a shoot-through time of QZSI. The PI+R controller is used for reducing the steady-state error of the grid current. The simulation studies are carried out to verify the performances of proposed system.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.294-295
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• 2010

DC 모터의 전류 제어는 회전에 의해 발생하는 역기전력을 외란으로 취급하여 역기전력을 보상하는 방법이 많이 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 속도 센서를 사용할 수 없는 모터 응용 분야에서 상태 관측기를 사용하여 전류 제어기를 구성하는 문제를 다룬다. 제안된 관측기는 간단한 1차 모델에 대한 PI 관측기로 설계되며 역기전력을 추정하는 형태로 구성된다. 실험을 통해 제안한 관측기가 1차 모델만을 고려하여 설계되었음에도 DC 모터의 불확실성에 강인한 성능을 보임을 확인한다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 전기자동차 온-보드 충전기용 단상 cycloconverter-type high frequency link 컨버터의 전력 제어성능과 동적 응답특성을 개선하기 위하여 예측전류제어 기법을 적용한다. 배터리를 충전 및 방전하기 위하여 전력계통에 연결되는 V2G 충전기는 전압 변동, 고조파 왜곡 등의 외란 발생에도 강인한 동적 응답 특성을 유지하여야 한다. 예측전류제어 기법이 적용된 제어기는 계통 외란이 존재하는 경우에도 전력 레퍼런스를 빠르게 추적하고 정확한 듀티를 생성할 수 있으므로 우수한 동적 및 과도 응답특성을 갖는다. 제안하는 제어기의 성능과 파라미터 변동에 대한 민감도는 PSIM 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 평가되며, 여러 계통외란 상태에서 PI 제어기와 비교된다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2005

A high-performance robust hybrid speed controller for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with an on-line trained neural-network model-following controller (NNMFC) is proposed. The robust hybrid controller is a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) integral plus proportional & rate feedback (I-PD) with neural-network model-following (NNMF) speed controller (2DOF I-PD NNMFC). The robust controller combines the merits of the 2DOF I-PD controller and the NNMF controller to regulate the speed of a PMSM drive. First, a systematic mathematical procedure is derived to calculate the parameters of the synchronous d-q axes PI current controllers and the 2DOF I-PD speed controller according to the required specifications for the PMSM drive system. Then, the resulting closed loop transfer function of the PMSM drive system including the current control loop is used as the reference model. In addition to the 200F I-PD controller, a neural-network model-following controller whose weights are trained on-line is designed to realize high dynamic performance in disturbance rejection and tracking characteristics. According to the model-following error between the outputs of the reference model and the PMSM drive system, the NNMFC generates an adaptive control signal which is added to the 2DOF I-PD speed controller output to attain robust model-following characteristics under different operating conditions regardless of parameter variations and load disturbances. A computer simulation is developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed 200F I-PD NNMF controller. The results confirm that the proposed 2DOF I-PO NNMF speed controller produces rapid, robust performance and accurate response to the reference model regardless of load disturbances or PMSM parameter variations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2012

Background: The effect and possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, baicalin, on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in drug-resistant human myeloid leukemia HL-60/ADR cells have been investigated in this current study. Methods: HL-60/ADR cells were treated by 20, 40, $80\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin followed by cell cycle analysis at 24h. The mRNA expression level of the apoptosis related gene, Bcl-2 and bad, were measured by RT-PCR on cells treated with $80\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin at 12, 24 and 48hr. Western blot was performed to detect the changes in the expression of the proteins related to HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis and the signaling pathway before and after baicalin treatment, including Bcl-2, PARP, Bad, Caspase 3, Akt, p-Akt, NF-${\kappa}B$, p-NF-${\kappa}B$, mTOR and p-mTOR. Results: Sub-G1 peak of HL-60/ADR cells appeared 24 h after $20\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin treatment, and the ratio increased as baicalin concentration increased. Cell cycle analysis showed 44.9% G0/G1 phase cells 24 h after baicalin treatment compared to 39.6% in the control group. Cells treated with $80\;{\mu}mol/L$ baicalin displayed a trend in decreasing of Bcl-2 mRNA expression over time. Expression level of the Bcl-2 and PARP proteins decreased significantly while that of the PARP, Caspase-3, and Bad proteins gradually increased. No significant difference in Akt expression was observed between treated and the control groups. However, the expression levels of p-Akt, NF-${\kappa}B$, p-NF-${\kappa}B$, mTOR and p-mTOR decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: We conclude that baicalin may induce HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian is a dangerous disease threatening pepper growers worldwide. The efficacy of chemical control is generally low as the pathogen is soil-borne and rapidly spread by zoospores during the rainy season. Thus, based on the demand for resistant varieties, various good resistant sources, such as CM334, AC2258, and PI201234, have been reported and their inheritance of resistance studied by many different authorities. However, the mode of inheritance remains unclear, as 1 or 2 independent dominant genes, 3 genes, or multiple genes have all been reported as responsible for resistance. Recently, QTL mappings of the gene factors for resistance have been reported, and molecular markers for resistance used in breeding programs. With the release of many resistant commercial hybrid cultivars, differentiation of pathotypes of the pathogen is attracting interest among breeders and plant pathologists. Various authorities have already classified the pathogen strains into different races according to the inter-action between resistant host plants, including the source of resistance, such as CM334 and PI201234, and resistant commercial varieties and P. capsici isolates. However, no standard differential host sets have yet been established, so the results are good only for the pathogen strains used in the experiments. Thus, for breeding varieties with durable resist-ance, it is important to introduce resistance from different sources and use diverse local pathogen strains collected in the target area for distribution in a breeding program.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.328-338
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• 2017

Purpose: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by pathogenic bacterial accumulation. A novel index, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), represents the sum of the periodontal pocket depth of bleeding on probing (BOP)-positive sites. It is advantageous for data processing and analysis because it can be treated as a continuous variable to quantify periodontal inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated correlations between PISA and periodontal classifications, and examined PISA as an index integrating the discrete conventional periodontal indexes. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from a prospective cohort study investigating the association between chronic periodontitis and the clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. Data from 84 patients without systemic diseases (the control group in the previous study) were analyzed in the present study. Results: PISA values were positively correlated with conventional periodontal classifications (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.52; P<0.01) and with periodontal indexes, such as BOP and the plaque index (PI) (r=0.94; P<0.01 and r=0.60; P<0.01, respectively; Pearson correlation test). Porphyromonas gingivalis expression and the presence of serum P. gingivalis antibodies were significant factors affecting PISA values in a simple linear regression analysis, together with periodontal classification, PI, bleeding index, and smoking, but not in the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, PISA values were positively correlated with the quantity of current smoking, PI, and severity of periodontal disease. Conclusions: PISA integrates multiple periodontal indexes, such as probing pocket depth, BOP, and PI into a numerical variable. PISA is advantageous for quantifying periodontal inflammation and plaque accumulation.