• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2000

Prostaglandins (PGs) and Leukotrienes (LTs) have been implicated in the genesis of pulpal and periapical inflammation. In this study, the relationships among $PGE_2$, 6-keto-PG $F_1{\alpha}$ (a stable metabolite of $PGI_2$) and $LTB_4$ concentrations in inflamed pulp and periapical lesions were discussed. Pulp tissue were obtained in routine endodontic treatment and periapical lesions in periapical surgery after clinical diagnoses were made. These specimens were divided into four groups as normal pulp group (Control group), acute pulpitis group, chronic pulpitis group, and periapical lesion group. Pulp tissue and periapical lesions were stored in liquid nitrogen. The concentration of $PGE_2$, $PGI_2$ and $LTB_4$ were measured with ELISA. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Significantly higher levels of $PGE_2$, 6-keto-PG $F_1{\alpha}$ a and $LTB_4$ were found in acute pulpitis group than chronic pulpitis group and periapical lesion group(p<0.05). Periapical lesion group showed significantly higher mean concentrations of $PGE_2$ and $LTB_4$ than chronic pulpitis group. In control and chronic pulpitis group, significant higher levels of $PGI_2$ than $PGE_2$ and $LTB_4$ were found. These results suggested that the high levels of $PGE_2$ and $LTB_4$ in periapical lesions may be due to rich endothelium., fibroblast and lymphocyte known as the main producers of $PGE_2$ and $LTB_4$. $PGI_2$ may be thought to one of the most abundant PGs in normal pulp tissue.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권4호
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• pp.424-430
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• 1990

소나무, 잡종(雜種)소나무 및 곰솔의 수지구지수(樹脂溝指數)의 변화(變化)에 따라 침엽(針葉), 구과(毬果) 및 종자(種子)의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)과 동위효소(同位酵素) ADH, ME, PGI의 대립유전자빈도(對立遺傳子頻度)의 변이(變異)를 조사(調査)한바 다음과 같다. 1. 수지구지수(樹脂溝指數)가 증가(增加)암에 따라 침엽(針葉)의 길이, 엽초장, 구과(毬果)의 크기, 종자(種子)의 크기, 종자(種子)날개의 크기, 종자(種子) 1000립중(粒重)은 증가(增加)하고 침엽(針葉)의 기공열수(氣孔列數)는 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 2. 침엽(針葉), 구과(毬果) 및 종자(種子)의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)을 판별분석(判別分析) 결과(結果) 수지구지수(樹脂溝指數)와 대채로 일치(一致)하는 경향을 보이고 있으나 개체(個體) 따라 일치(一致)하지 않는 개체(個體)도 있다. 소나무 및 잡종(雜種)소나무에서는 10-25% 정도는 일치(一致)하지 않았고 곰솔에서는 거의 일치(一致)하였다. 3. 각(各) 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)에 의한 정준판별함수(正準判別函數)의 결과 소나무, 이입교잡종(移入交雜種), 잡종(雜種)소나무, 곰솔의 양적형질중(量的形質中) 수지구지수(樹脂溝指數), 종자(種子)의 1000립중(粒重), 구과(毬果)의 크기 및 엽초장이 각수종(各樹種)의 특성(特性)을 가장 잘 나타내고 있다. 4. 수지구지수(樹脂溝指數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 잡종도지수(雜種度指數)도 증가(增加)하는 경향을 나타내고 잡종도지수(雜種度指數)와 판별분석(判別分析)의 결과(結果)는 거의 같은 경향을 나타내고 있다. 5. 수지구지수(樹脂溝指數) 증가(增加)함에 따라 동위효소(同位酵素) ADH-$B_2$, ME-$A_2$, 및 PGI-$B_1$, $B_2$ 대립유전자(對立遺傳子)의 빈도(頻度)는 증가(增加)하고 ADH-$B_3$, ME-$A_4$, PGI-$B_3$는 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. ADH-$B_2$, ME-$A_2$ 및 PGI-$B_1$, $B_2$의 인자(因子)는 곰솔에서 소나무로 유입(流入)된 것으로 간주되며 이러한 인자(因子)가 유입(流入)됨에 따라 ADH-$B_3$, ME-$A_4$, 및 PGI-$B_3$는 감소하는 것으로 생각된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.364-367
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• 2011

Background: Prostaglandins (PGs) play pathogenic and protective roles in inflammatory diseases. The novel concept of PGs as immune modulators is being documented by several investigators. By establishing an in vitro experimental model containing human follicular dendritic cell-like cells, HK cells, we reported that HK cells produce prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and prostaglandin $I_2$ ($PGI_2$) and that these PGs regulate biological functions of T and B cells. Methods: To investigate the respective contribution of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 to $PGE_2$ and $PGI_2$ production in HK cells, we performed siRNA technology to knock down COX enzymes and examined the effect on PG production. Results: Both $PGE_2$ and $PGI_2$ productions were almost completely inhibited by the depletion of COX-2. In contrast, COX-1 knockdown did not significantly affect PG production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion: The current results suggest that mPGES-1 and PGIS are coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC) and may help understand the potential effects of selective COX inhibitors on the humoral immunity.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

The effect of austempering treatment on the dynamic properties of a brake drum was investigated to primarily evaluate the potential damping advantage of an AGI (austempered gray iron) drum over a PGI (pearlitic gray iron) drum. This investigation provides valuable information for brake noise reduction since the brake drum is most often the outstanding component that generates the noise of the brake assembly. Test results show that the AGI drum provided slightly larger damping values than the PGI drum for the first few major resonances observed. A finite element model of a drum was also developed to aid in studying its dynamic behavior. A good correlation was obtained between the analytical results and the actual measurement data.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 1986

Genetic variations of Semisulcospjra gottschei in Korea were investigated by means of starch gel-electrophoresis. The results are as follows; 1) Eight loci of ${\alpha}$-Gpd, Mdh-2, Pept-1, Pgm-2, Gp-1, Gp-2, Gp-3 and Gp-4 were monomorphic, and 8 loci of Mpi, Mdh-1, Pgi, Got, Pept-2, Pept-3, Pgm-1 and Sdh showed genetic variations. 2) Means of allele per locus ($\bar{A}$) and polymorphism (P) were revealed 0.64 and 0.44, respectively. The value of heterozygosity ($H_G$) showed a little more than heterozygosity $H_D$. ($H_D$=0.09, $H_G$=0.13) 3) Genetic variation appears to be due to loci of Got, Pept, Pgi, and Sdh, all of which of the $H_D$ values are high.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1991

This study was devised to observe the inhibitory effect of 7 kinds of the acidic polysaccharide fraction(PGI, PGa, PG3, PGa, PGs, PG6 and PG7) from Korean white ginseng on a lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L. Toxohormone-L is a lipolytic factor, found in ascites fluid of .sarcoma -180 bearing mice and of patients with hepatoma. A substace that inhibited the lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L was isolated from white ginseng powder. This substance was an acidic polysaccharides. In vitro test showed that the inhibitory effect of PGs fraction of the lipolysis by Toxohormone-L was highest percent among other treatments at concentration of 50, 10, 200, 500 and 1,000 Ug/ml of reaction mixture. And total inhibitory activity(units) of PGI and PG4 was highest among other treatments at the same concentration and that of 10 Ug/ml.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2014

투수를 평가할 때 중요한 요소는 일반적으로 다승과 방어율을 사용하지만 이 지표들은 팀의 도움 또는 운과 같은 요소의 영향을 받는다. 그래서 야구통계학자들은 투수 개인의 능력만을 측정하는 많은 지표들을 제안하였는데 이와 같은 평가지표들은 가짓수가 너무 많고 복잡하기 때문에 팬들을 때때로 당황하게 만든다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 투수평가지표들을 이용하여 지표들의 특성을 반영하는 주성분을 찾아보고 한국프로야구에 적합한 투수들의 능력을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 투수지표를 제안하였다.

• 전기저널
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• 통권385호
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• pp.48-50
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• 2009

2008년 11월 29일부터 12월 6일까지 미국 폴로리다주 올랜도에서 열린 세계적인 발전설비 전시회(Power-Gen International 2008)를 대한전기협회가 주관하여 전력산업계 실무자들이 직접 체험하는 행사를 마련했다. 여기에 참석한 실무자들의 경험담을 게재한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1984

북미(北美) 사시나무 trembling aspen의 근단조직내(根端組織內)의 동위효소(同位酵素)의 유전양상(遺傳樣相)을 구명하기 위하여 모수(母樹) 1개체에 화분수(花盆樹) 4개체를 교배하여 얻은 4개의 전형매가계(全兄妹家系)의 종자를 온실내(內)에서 파종, 7주후(週後) 가계당(家系當) 70개체의 유묘(幼苗)와 모수(母樹)와 화분수(花盆樹)의 맹아(萌芽)의 생장이 왕성한 뿌리의 근단부(根端部) 2cm를 채취하여 수평식 전분젤 전기영동법으로 분석하였다. 7개의 동위효소(同位酵素)에 대하여 모두 11개의 밴드지역이 관찰되었으며, 각 지역에 대한 부모의 동위효소표현형(同位酵素表現型)과 그 차대(次代)의 동위효소표현형(同位酵素表現型)을 관찰 $x^2$-test로 그 분리비(分離比)를 검정한 결과 모든 동위효소(同位酵素) 밴드지역은 각각 하나의 유전자좌(遺傳子座)에 의하여 지배되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 6-PGD-2와 PGI-2와의 복합(複合) 분리비(分離比)를 $x^2$-test로 검정한 결과 6-PGD-2와 PGI-2간(間)에는 연관관계(連關關係)가 없는 것으로 추성되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.614-620
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• 1997

Pedigree data were used to predict the performance of 1,166 imported Americas Brahman breeder cattle, composed of 104 bulls and 1,062 heifers with an average age of 24.4 months (range of 17 to 40 months). A total of 13 full sib, 10 maternal half sib, and 228 paternal half sib groups were identified, each with average group size of 2.08, 2.00, and 4.49, respectively. Only 758 (64.9% of total) imported cattle were found to have at least one ancestor with expected progeny differences (EPDs) reported in the Spring 1995 Brahman Sire Summary. Moderate average accuracy values of .71, .69, .52, and .52 for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively, were noted for EPDs of the ancestors. Prediction equations were derived by multiple regression analysis of available EPDs of sire, paternal grand sire, and maternal grand sire. Based on pedigree indexes that involve various combinations of available ancestral information, the average predicted EPDs (lbs) for imported cattle were $1.76{\pm}0.54$, $14.93{\pm}4.86$, $25.10{\pm}9.50$, and $5.86{\pm}2.08$ for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively. Significant correlations (p < .05) were also found between sire and son EPDs (+.27) for yearling weight; and between sire and paternal grand sire EPDs for birth weight (+.34), weaning weight (+.51), yearling weight (+.49), and maternal milk (+.55).