• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.362-366
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• 2012

To explore on the defense strategies against hervivory of five Viburnum species, morphological characteristics of the leaf, leaf domatia structure and the number, herbivores insects and mites on the leaves, collected from the trees growing in Wonju-si, Pyeungchang-gun, Taebaek-si, Taean-gun, Bonghwa-gun, Sancheung-gun and Jinju-si were investigated from May 2009 to October 2011. Domatia of V. carlesii reveals pocket type, these of V. burejaeticum, V. dilatatum and V. wrightii reveal tuft type, and that of V. odoratissimum var. awabuki reveals pouch type. Domatia number per leaf proves the highest figures, 24.0/leaf for V. burejaeticum, and the lowest, 4.9/leaf for V. carlesii. Leaf surface trichomes of four Viburnum species except for V. odoratissimum var. awabuki are mainly stellate and hispid on the leaf-blade and veins, and dense stellate trichomes on the upper leaf surface of V. carlesii, V. burejaeticum, and V. dilatatum are observed till late growing season. Extrafloral nectaries(EFN) on the terminal veins of five Viburnum species are observed. Pellucid dots on the lower leaf surface of V. dilatatum and V. wrightii might be a good defense strategies against herbivores. We observe many predatory mites eating nectar on large pellucid dots of V. dilatatum. Predatory mites number per leaf proved highly significant differences among tree species, and mean of mites number was highest values 8.1/leaf for V. burejaeticum, and the lowest 2.6/leaf for V. odoratissimum var. awabuki. These results indicate that temperate broadleave trees develop various defense strategies against herbivores for survival. The more studies on the defense strategies against herbivores of tree species might be needed for sustainable forest ecosystem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.31-33
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• 2011

화외밀선(EFN)의 형태로 엽연부의 엽맥 끝에 넥타를 분비하는 것은 가막살나무 5 수종에서 모두 관찰되었다. 가막살나무, 산가막살나무에서는 잎 뒷면 선점(pellucid dot)이 분포하는 것이 좋은 방어전략이라 판단된다. 가막살나무의 선점에서 넥타를 먹는 포식응애들이 다수 관찰되었다. 분꽃나무의 잎 뒷면에는 성모 이외에 별모양의 부드러운 털이 있으며, 이를 포식응애가 먹는 것이 관찰되었으며, 이 구조가 가막살나무, 산가막살나무에서의 선점과 같은 역할일 것이라 추정되나 좀더 정밀한 연구가 필요할 것이라 판단된다. 수종별로 독특한 방법으로 초식에 대한 방어전략을 개발하면서 꾸준히 진화하고 있다고 판단된다. 여기에 화학적 방어전략이 추가된다면 식물이 살아남기 위하여 얼마나 열심히 노력하고 있는가를 어느 정도 이해할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Objectives : Peucedani Radix ('Jeonho' in Korean) is the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum or Angelica decursiva. However, the root of Anthriscus sylvestris has usually been distributed as Jeonho. This study was performed to determine the discriminative criteria of Jeonho, focused on distribution in Korean markets. Methods : We have determined identification keys to discriminate each Jeonho samples, through observation of external morphology of original plants, and the research of external and internal morphological features of dried Jeonho herbs. Results : Because of identical to the Korean plant name 'Jeonho', Anthrisci Radix had been came into use as a substitute of Jeonho in Korea during the time of Japanese colonial rule. The original plants of Jeonho and its substitute are discriminated with shape of leaf, leaf margin and color of stem. External morphological features of the medicinal herbs of Jeonho are different in the color of cross-sections, pellucid dot, white powder. Internal morphological points, such as fiber bundle of xylem, seconadary mudullary ray and ray of xylem were also used as discriminative criteria for Jeonho. Further details(e.g. identificaion keys) are in the article. Conclusions : We think that these discriminative criteria will be meaningful in identifying the substitutes and adulterants of Jeonho.