• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.646-648
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• 2021

The syntheses and properties of polynuclear metal complexes have been reported to develop the easy syntheses and noble photo-characteristics of those complexes for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) or photodynamic therapy (PDT). We have been focused on the design and synthesis of polynuclear lanthanide dendritic molecule due to long life time of fluorescence. Therefore, we will be presented on the design of home (Eu or Gd) or hetero (Tb or Lu) polynuclear lanthanide dendritic molecule.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.291-293
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• 2022

The preparation of dendritic molecule for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been interested on design and synthesis of macromolecule toward a new generation. Herein, the binding site of polyether group is an important role on the construction of macromolecule toward a new generation. Therefore, we will be presented on the preparation of dendritic molecule having the binding site.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using erythrosine and a halogen light source to treat a biofilm formed on a machined surface titanium disk in vivo. Ten volunteers carried an acrylic appliance containing six machined surface titanium disks on the upper jaw over a period of five days. After the five days of biofilm formation period, the disks were removed. PDT using 20 ${\mu}M$ erythrosine and halogen light was then applied to the biofilms formed on the disks. Experimental samples were divided into a negative control group (no erythrosine and no irradiation), E0 group (erythrosine 60s + no irradiation), E30 group (erythrosine 60s + halogen light 30s), and E60 group (erythrosine 60s + halogen light 60s). Following PDT, the bacteria in the biofilm were found to be detached from each disk. Each suspension with detached bacteria were diluted and cultivated on a blood-agar plate for five days under anaerobic conditions. The cultivated bacterial counts in the E60 group were significantly lower than the control group (86.4%) or E0 group (76.7%). In the experimental groups also, the light exposure time and bacterial counts showed a negative correlation. In conclusion, PDT using erythrosine and halogen light has bactericidal effects on biofilms formed on a titanium disk in vivo. Notably, applying 20 ${\mu}M$ erythrosine and 60 seconds of halogen light irradiation had a significantly potent effect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using erythrosine and a green light emitting diode (LED) light source on biofilms of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans attached to resorbable blasted media (RBM) and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces in vitro. Methods: RBM and SLA disks were subdivided into four groups, including one control group and three test groups (referred to as E0, E30, E60), in order to evaluate the effect of PDT on each surface. The E0 group was put into $500{\mu}L$ of $20{\mu}M$ erythrosine for 60 seconds without irradiation, the E30 group was put into erythrosine for 60 seconds and was then irradiated with a LED for 30 seconds, and the E60 group was put into erythrosine for 60 seconds and then irradiated with a LED for 60 seconds. After PDT, sonication was performed in order to detach the bacteria, the plates were incubated under anaerobic conditions on brucella blood agar plates for 72 hours at $37^{\circ}C$, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was determined. Results: Significant differences were found between the control group and the E30 and E60 groups (P<0.05). A significantly lower quantity of CFU/mL was found in the E30 and E60 groups on both titanium disk surfaces. In confocal scanning laser microscopy images, increased bacterial death was observed when disks were irradiated for a longer period of time. Conclusions: These findings suggest that PDT using erythrosine and a green LED is effective in reducing the viability of A. actinomycetemcomitans attached to surface-modified titanium in vitro.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.794-797
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• 2003

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local, endoscopically controlled nonoperative therapeutic technique based on selective sensitization of mucosal, malignant and precancerous lesions of the esophagus, trachea and bronchus prior to light-induced tissue destruction in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. PDT is effective and safe for palliative treatment of neoplasms in the stomach, esophagus, and lung. But skin phototoxicity is unsatisfactory, therefore optimization of management of post-PDT is necessary for preventing phototoxic side effects of skin. Careful patient education in photoprotection techniques, close patient follow-up, early dermatologic referral and medical treatment are recommended. We performed PDT in a patient with intrathoracic constructed stomach. We report this case with a brief review of literatures, therefore.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2011

The role of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) of Helicobacter pylori in the oxidative stress was investigated in this study. A fur knockout mutant of H. pylori was constructed by replacing the fur gene with an aphA (kanamycin resistant marker) gene. Photodynamic therapy using methylene blue (MB) and 660 nm light was chosen to induce oxidative stress. The bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was compared between wild type H. pylori and fur knockout mutant H. pylori. The degree of oxidative damage of DNA was confirmed using alkaline gel electrophoresis and an assay of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). In control groups, the number of viable cells was maintained constantly during experiment. After PDT, the mutant H. pylori showed 10,000 times decreased viable cell number compared with wild type H. pylori. Depending on the exposure time of 660 nm light, the 3-fold increase in the concentration of 8-OHdG was observed in mutant H. pylori. The results of this study showed that H. pylori's Fur protein may play a role in oxidative stress induced by PDT.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.134-139
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• 2016

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved as a innovative cure for cancer, 1996. The effect is death of cancer cells through necrosis, apoptosis. Mainly the Continuous Wave mode (CW) use for PDT Laser. It sting, the question including itch, and etc. Reportedly, the increase of temperature with the perforated edema, ulcer, necrosis. The Thermal relaxation time and Oxygen recovery time is necessary. To give a normal oxygen recovery time of the cell, used Pulse mode. Progress, it was Burst Pulse mode when easing the thermal wake, the simplicity was secured, the PDT effect is good. Excepted in control group CW, Pulse, Burst pulse mode were incubated with various concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA-5). The tumor size reduction CW mode (44%), Pulse mode (48%), Burst pulse mode (53%) at 4 week after PDT with 0.3, 0.3, 0.3 mg/ml of ALA-5. After 4 hours, investigation of 100, 100, $100J/cm^2$ laser irradiation. The pulse mode was superior in expirimental data analysis. And it was the Burst pulse mode edge head of a family effect.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.164-173
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a newly devised toothbrush with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on Porphyromonas gingivalis attached to sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces. Methods: The study included a control group, a commercial photodynamic therapy (PDT) group, and 3 test groups (B, BL, and BLE). The disks in the PDT group were placed in methylene blue and then irradiated with a diode laser. The B disks were only brushed, the BL disks were brushed with an LED toothbrush, and the BLE disks were placed into erythrosine and then brushed with an LED toothbrush. After the different treatments, bacteria were detached from the disks and spread on selective agar. The number of viable bacteria and percentage of bacterial reduction were determined from colony counts. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to visualize bacterial alterations. Results: The number of viable bacteria in the BLE group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed that bacterial cell walls were intact in the control and B groups, but changed after commercial PDT and LED exposure. Conclusions: The findings suggest that an LED toothbrush with erythrosine treatment was more effective than a commercial PDT kit in reducing the number of P. gingivalis cells attached to surface-modified titanium in vitro.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.318-321
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• 2007

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted-tumor treatment system using a photosensitizer, light and oxygen to treat malignant tumor. We have investigated the cytotoxicity of 4 types of phthalocyanine derivative (silver phthalocyanine, iron (III) phthalocyanine, copper (II) phthalocyanine, nickel (II) phthalocyanine) against lung and breast cancers based on photodynamic therapy. As a result, phthalocyanine derivatives indicated a higher anticancer activity on a breast cancer cell line. Among the tested phthalocyanines, silver phthalocyanine (AgPc) showed a lower cytotoxicity against a normal cell line. In addition AgPc gave a good color characteristic when it is solubilized in water. Finally AgPc was selected as a potential antitumor agent for breast cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.346-352
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• 2023

Background: A significant proportion of cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) patients require long-term ventilation, necessitating tracheostomy placement. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term postoperative outcomes and complications associated with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in CSICU patients. Methods: All patients undergoing PDT after cardiac, thoracic, or vascular operations in the CSICU between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2021 were identified. They were evaluated for mortality, decannulation time, and complications including bleeding, infection, and need for surgical intervention. Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictors of early decannulation and the complication rate. Results: Ninety-three patients were identified for this study (70 [75.3%] male and 23 [24.7%] female). Furthermore, 18.3% of patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 21.5% had history of stroke, 7.5% had end-stage renal disease, 33.3% had diabetes, and 59.1% were current smokers. The mean time from PDT to decannulation was 39 days. Roughly one-fifth (20.4%) of patients were on dual antiplatelet therapy and 81.7% had anticoagulation restarted 8 hours post-tracheostomy. Eight complications were noted, including 5 instances of bleeding requiring packing and 1 case of mediastinitis. There were no significant predictors of decannulation prior to discharge. Only COPD was identified as a negative predictor of decannulation at any point in time (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.95; p=0.04). Conclusion: Percutaneous tracheostomy is a safe and viable alternative to surgical tracheostomy in cardiac surgery ICU patients. Patients who undergo PDT have a relatively short duration of tracheostomy and do not have major post-procedural complications.