• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2001

Electromigration Phenomena in Al-1%Si thin film interconnections under DC and PDC conditions were investigated. Thin film interconnections with $SiO_2$ and PSG/$SiO_2$ dielectric passivation layer were formed by a standard photolithography process method and test line lengths were 100, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The current density of $1.19\times10^7\textrm{A/cm}^2$ was stressed in Al-1%Si thin film interconnections under DC condition. The current density of $1.19\times10^7\textrm{A/cm}^2$ was also applied under PDC condition at the frequency of 1 Hz with the duty factor of 0.5. The electromigration resistance of PSG/SiO2 dielectric passivation test line was stronger than $SiO_2$ dielectric passivation test line. The lifetime under PDC was 2-4 times longer than DC condition. As the thin film interconnection line increased, the lifetime decreased and saturated over the critical length. Failure patterns by an electromigration were dominated by void-induced electrical open and hillock-induced electrical short.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 2017

In this paper, a robust and more accurate trajectory tracking control method for a mobile robot is proposed using WIPDC(Weighted Integral Parallel Distributed Compensation) and T-S Fuzzy disturbance observer. WIPDC reduces the steady state error by adding weighted integral term to PDC. And, T-S Fuzzy disturbance observer makes it possible to estimate and cancel disturbances for a T-S fuzzy model system. As a result, the trajectory tracking controller based on T-S Fuzzy disturbance observer shows robust tracking performance. When the initial postures of a mobile robot and the reference trajectory are different, the initial control inputs to the mobile robot become too large to apply them practically. In this study, also, the problem is solved by designing an initial approach path using a path planning method which employs $B\acute{e}zier$ curve with acceleration limits. Performances of the proposed method are proved from the simulation results.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.177-181
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• 2016

This paper analyzes the host cache effectiveness in full virtualization, particularly associated with journaling of guests. We observe that the journal access of guests degrades cache performance significantly due to the write-once access pattern and the frequent sync operations. To remedy this problem, we design and implement a novel caching policy, called PDC (Pollution Defensive Caching), that detects the journal accesses and prevents them from entering the host cache. The proposed PDC is implemented in QEMU-KVM 2.1 on Linux 4.14 and provides 3-32% performance improvement for various file and I/O benchmarks.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.11
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• pp.2086-2094
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• 2008

Finding a planar surface on 3D space is very important for efficient and safe operation of a mobile robot. In this paper, we propose a method using a plane detection cell (PDC) and iterative randomized Hough transform (IRHT) for finding the planar region from a 3D range image. First, the local planar region is detected by a PDC from the target area of the range image. Each plane is then segmented by analyzing the accumulated peaks from voting the local direction and position information of the local PDC in Hough space to reduce effect of noises and outliers and improve the efficiency of the HT. When segmenting each plane region, the IRHT repeatedly decreases the size of the planar region used for voting in the Hough parameter space in order to reduce the effect of noise and solve the local maxima problem in the parameter space. In general, range images have many planes of different normal directions. Hence, we first detected the largest plane region and then the remained region is again processed. Through this procedure, we can segment all planar regions of interest in the range image.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Nonthermal plasma-driven catalysis (PDC) was investigated for the decomposition of benzene and toluene as model compounds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. Two types of catalysts Ag/$TiO_{2}$ and Pt/$\gamma-Al_{2}O_{3}$ were tested in this study. The amount of catalysts packed in the PDC reactor did not influence on the decomposition efficiency of benzene. The type of catalysts also had no influence on the decomposition efficiency of toluene and carbon balance. The Ag/$TiO_{2}$ catalyst showed constant $CO_{2}$ selectivity of about $73\%$ regardless of the specific input energy. However, the selectivity of $CO_{2}$ was greatly enhanced with the Pt/$\gamma-Al_{2}O_{3}$ catalysts, and reached $97\%$ at 205 J/L. Two test runs with 20 fold difference in the gas flow clearly indicated that lab-scale data can be successfully applied for the scaling-up of PDC system.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.25-42
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study focused on adopting production systems in cognitive psychology to improve the extraction process of persuasive design characteristics for healthcare-related mobile applications. Design/Methodology/Approach A research approach with four stages was developed. We developed and updated the evaluation guideline for persuasive design characteristics (PDC). We tried to summarize and analyze each of 28 PDC and prepared related production rules. Verification process for both guideline approach and production system approach were performed. Top one hundred apps from both medical category and health and Fitness category were selected and evaluated by two approaches. By comparing the results of the two approaches, we tried to explain the improvement and reliability of introducing the production system in the PDC extraction process. Findings Based on the updated guideline for healthcare-related mobile applications, a production system in cognitive psychology was developed. By comparing the PDC extraction results by two approaches, production system showed a better improvement for evaluation precision and efficiency for decision-making process. The findings of this study can be used for researchers and app developers to apply production system to analyze, evaluate, and develop better healthcare-related apps with persuasion.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Recently, the higher capacity waste heat recovery PDC clean ventilation system has a tendency which is increasing due to the excellent energy reduction in factory, big building, and so on. This system was developed to complement the room environment which is deteriorated. However, the researches and technologies about this system were not well studied. Specially, the characteristic for heat exchanger element used to this system were not well known. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the heat exchanger element as the core parts compose of this system. From results, tensile strength and elongation of the plate type heat exchanger element had about 10.11~14.32 kgf/$mm^2$ and 8.0~16.2%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 1988

The electrochemical reduction of uranyl ion at the dropping mercury electrode and/or mercury microelectrode has been studied in propanediol-1,2-carbonate (PDC) by voltammetric techniques. The position of peak potentials, the nature of limiting currents, their dependency on temperature and on concentrations, reversibility of electrode reactions, and influence of addition of phenol are described. The influence of PDC in aqueous solution of uranyl ion was also described. The values of kinetic parameters, viz., transfer coefficient, formal constant for the electrode reactions bave been determined by Koutecky's method as extended by Meites and Israel. The values of ${\Delta}H,\;{\Delta}G\;and\;{\Delta}S$ have also been calculated.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.364-371
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• 2016

This study investigates the thermal shock property of a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) produced by a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) sintering process. Three kinds of PDCs are manufactured by the HPHT sintering process using different particle sizes of the initial diamond powders: $8-16{\mu}m$ ($D50=4.3{\mu}m$), $10-20{\mu}m$ ($D50=6.92{\mu}m$), and $12-22{\mu}m$ ($D50=8.94{\mu}m$). The microstructure observation results for the manufactured PDCs reveal that elemental Co and W are present along the interface of the diamond particles. The fractions of Co and WC in the PDC increase as the initial particle size decreases. The manufactured PDCs are subjected to thermal shock tests at two temperatures of $780^{\circ}C$ and $830^{\circ}C$. The results reveal that the PDC with a smaller particle size of diamond easily produces microscale thermal cracks. This is mainly because of the abundant presence of Co and WC phases along the diamond interface and the easy formation of Co-based (CoO, $Co_3O_4$) and W-based ($WO_2$) oxides in the PDC using smaller diamond particles. The microstructural factors for controlling the thermal shock property of PDC material are also discussed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1997

Glutamate uptake inhibitor, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylate (PDC, $20{\mu}M$) elevated basal and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, $100{\mu}M$)-induced extracellular glutamate accumulation, while it did not augment kainate $100{\mu}M$-induced glutamate accumulation in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. However, pretreatment with PDC for 1 h significantly reduced NMDA-induced glutamate accumulation, but did not affect kainate-induced response. Pretreatment with glutamate $(5{\mu}M)$ for 1 h also reduced NMDA-induced glutamate accumulation, but did not kainate-induced response. Upon a brief application (3-10 min), PDC did neither induce elevation of intracellular calcium concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ nor modulate NMDA-indLiced $[Ca^{2+}]_1$ elevation. Pretreatment with PDC for 1 h reduced NMDA-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_1$ elevation, but it did not reduce kainate-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_1$ elevation. These results suggest that glutamate concentration in synaptic clefts of neurana cells is increased by prolonged exposure (1 h) of the cells to PDC, and the accumulated glutamate subsequently induces selective desensitization of NMDA receptor.