• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2006

Porcine circovius type 2 (PCV 2) is a novel virus of Circoviridae familiy which is considering the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of PCV 2 infection of swine in eastern areas of Gangwon province from February to June in 2005. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to identify the PCV 2 genome against 80 pigs. The number of infection and its rate of 4 areas, 8 farms and 80 pigs were 3 (75.0%), 7 (88.0%) and 44 (55.0%), respectively.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.328-339
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• 2018

Background: Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in patients with comorbidities and advanced age. This study evaluated trends in epidemiology of adult pneumococcal disease in Crete, Greece, by identifying serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of consecutive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from adults during an 8-year time period (2009-2016) and the indirect effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccines 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by E-test and serotyping by Quellung reaction. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to penicillin (PNSP) combined with resistance to ${\geq}2$ non-${\beta}$-lactam antimicrobials. Results: A total of 135 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from adults during the study period. Twenty-one serotypes were identified with 17F, 15A, 3, 19A, and 11A, being the most common. The coverage rates of PCV10, and PCV13 were 17.8% and 37.8%, respectively. PCV13 serotypes decreased significantly from 68.4% in 2009 to 8.3% in 2016 (P = 0.002). The most important emerging non-PCV13 serotypes were 17F, 15A, and 11A, with 15A being strongly associated with antimicrobial resistance and MDR. Among all study isolates, penicillin-resistant and MDR strains represented 7.4% and 14.1%, respectively. Predominant PNSP serotypes were 19A (21.7%), 11A (17.4%), and 15A (17.4%). Erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin resistant rates were 30.4%, 15.6%, 16.3%, 16.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Although pneumococcal disease continues to be a health burden in adults in Crete, our study reveals a herd protection effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccination. Surveillance of changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates are necessary to guide optimal prevention and treatment strategies.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Wild boar is closely related to domestic pigs in terms of genetic homogeneity and the possibility of a source of infection by contact. This study investigated the prevalence of viral diseases from wild boars inhabiting Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. A total of 374 blood samples were collected and subjected to antigen tests to detect African swine fever virus (ASFV), Porcine circovirus type-2 (PCV2), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). For seroprevalence, PCV2, PRRS, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Aujezsky's disease (ADV), and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) were investigated. The antigenic analysis revealed 73 positive cases (19.5%) for PCV2, while no positive cases for ASFV and PRRSV. For the antibody test, 225 (60.2%), 2 (0.5%), and 48 (12.8%) cases were detected against PCV2, PRRSV, and CSFV, respectively. There were no antibodies detected against both ADV and FMDV. Our results suggest that the viruses infecting both wild boar and domestic pig, mainly PCV2, are circulating in the wild boar population thus, the consistent monitoring of prevalence in wild boar will be needed for transboundary spillover to the domestic pig.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.28.1-28.11
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• 2024

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is ubiquitous around the world. Diagnosis of the porcine circovirus-associated disease requires clinic-pathological elements together with the quantification of viral loads. Furthermore, given pig farms in regions lacking access to sufficient laboratory equipment, developing diagnostic devices with high accuracy, accessibility, and affordability is a necessity. Objectives: This study aims to investigate two newly developed diagnostic tools that may satisfy these criteria. Methods: We collected 250 specimens, including 170 PCV2-positive and 80 PCV2-negative samples. The standard diagnosis and cycle threshold (Ct) values were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Then, two point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms, convective polymerase chain reaction (cPCR, qualitative assay: positive or negative results are shown) and EZtargex (quantitative assay: Ct values are shown), were examined and analyzed. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of cPCR were 88.23% and 100%, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of EZtargex were 87.65% and 100%, respectively. These assays also showed excellent concordance compared with the qPCR assay (κ = 0.828 for cPCR and κ = 0.820 for EZtargex). The statistical analysis showed a great diagnostic power of the EZtargex assay to discriminate between samples with different levels of positivity. Conclusions: The two point-of-care diagnostic platforms are accurate, rapid, convenient and require little training for PCV2 diagnosis. These POC platforms can discriminate viral loads to predict the clinical status of the animals. The current study provided evidence that these diagnostics were applicable with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PCV2 infection in the field.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.118-121
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• 1997

A total of 72 Black Bengal goats of 2.5 to 3.5 and 4.0 to 6.0 years old were used in this study. Equal number of animals were included in Fasciola gigantica infected and non-infected control groups. For each age and treatment groups 18 blood samples were collected in glass vials contained EDTA anticoagulant in summer and winter seasons before the animals were slaughtered at abottoir. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined using microhematocrit and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration by cyanmethemoglobin methods. The PCV of F. gigantica infected animals were significantly lower than the non-infected animals. The average PCV values obtained were 26.60 and 32.20% for F. gigantica infected and non-infected animals, respectively. The Hb values of infected animals were significantly lower than the non-infected animals. The average Hb values obtained were 9.17 and 10.51 gm% for F. gigantica infected and non-infected goats, respectively. There was no significant effect of age and season on the values of PCV and Hb of infected and non-infected animals.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1988

In order to study the marked variation of red blood cell sedimentation rate in some species of animals, the packed cell volume, volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood, was reshuffled of 20%, 40% and 60% using heteroplasma of chicken and goat, and the red blood cell sedimentation rate was measured in Westergren tubes at $27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The values of packed cell volume(PCV) of goat and chicken were $40.7{\pm}4.1%$ and $30.2{\pm}2.2%$ respectively. 2. The sedimentation rates of reshuffled red blood cell were settled faster at lower PCV than higher PCV, i.${\acute{e}}$. there was a reverse relationship between the sedimention rate and PCV. 3. Red blood cells of chicken settled quickly, where as those of goat settled very slowly. Chicken red blood cell sedimented rapidly even in goat plasma, and goat red blood cell sedimented slowly in chicken plasma. These findings indicate that the plasma is not the only factor determining the rapid red blood cell sedimentation rate of chicken. 4. The sedimentation rate of reshuffled red blood cell of chicken and goat were accelerated at higher temperature than lower temperature.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the infection situation of several diseases (post-weaning atrophic pigs) such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in swine breeding complex in Jeonbuk-Iksan. From February to October in 2006, a total of 28 swine samples (6-10 week old) were collected from 6 farms and examined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and clinical signs. In the rate of single infection, pneumonia was top (32.1%), followed by salmonellosis (14.2%)and Glasser's disease (10.7%) and double infection pneumonia/Glasser's disease (17.8%) was detected. PCR was detected of PCV 2 from 28 (100.0%) and PPV 6 (21.4%), PRRS PORF6 10 (35.7%) and POR7 11 (39.2%), but HC and AD was not detected. The results suggest that PCV 2 is complex infection PRRS, PPV and bacterial disease.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a subsequent infection of PCV2 on piglets with PEDV. The results obtained were as follows: Antibodies against PCV2 and PEDV were detected at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72h postinfection. And the antibody titers of alone infections with PEDV were gradually reduced and increased from 60 hpi to 72 hpi. Whereas, the antibody titers of dual infections with PCV2 and PEDV were gradually reduced all the time. PEDV antigens were detected at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hpi, being seen almost exclusively in feces and small intestines from PEDV-infected piglets and PCV2-coinfected piglets. The detection rate of PEDV in feces and jejunum tissues by RT-PCR were 94.9% and 91.1% in dual infections and 87.1% and 83.6% in alone infections with PEDV, respectively. In dual infected piglets, significantly more PEDV antigens were detected in the feces and small intestines tissues at 24 hpi (P<0.05) than in the same feces and tissues of the alone infected piglets. Thereafter, at 72 hpi significantly more PEDV antigens (P<0.05) was detected in the jejunal tissues of the dual infected piglets with than of alone PEDV-infected piglets. The detection rate of PEDV antigen in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum by IFA were 91.3%, 91.3% and 83.3% in dual infected piglets and 75.0%, 83% and 75% in alone infected piglets, respectively. Intense and specific fluorescence signals were more often seen within jejunal villous enterocytes in dual infected piglets than alone infected piglets.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.110-120
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to build up the control scheme that promptly controls the pressure in a hydraulic cylinder having small control volume, using a PCV(proportional control valve) and a digital computer. Object pressure control system has the character to be unstable easily, because the displacement-flow gain of the PCV is so large considering comparatively small volume of the hydraulic cylinder and the time delay of response of PCV is long. Considering the above-mentioned characteristics of the object pressure control system, in this study, a control system is designed with two degree of freedom scheme that is composed by adding a feed-forward control path to I-PD control system, and the reference model is used to decide control parameters. And through some experiments on FF-I-PD, the validity of this control method is confirmed.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.109-114
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• 1984

Eight Korean native black goats were used, $10m{\ell}$ of blood was collected from the Jugular vein into heparinized tubes a week interval. The heparinized blood was centrifuged for separation to blood plasma and corpuscles. The hematocrit, per centage of blood that is red blood cells, was reschuffuled of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % using blood plasma, 0.9 % NaCl solution and 5.4 % dextrose solution. The sedimentation rates of red blood cell obtained at $7^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $27^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ are summarized as follows. 1) The sedimentation rates of red blood cell were more increased by lower PCV%, i.e. there was a reverse relationship between the sedimentation rates and PCV% at any condition of these experiments. 2) The RBC were sedimented the most quickly in the NaCl solution and slower in the plasma compare with the dextrose solution at the same PCV%. 3) There was no temperature effect on the sedimentation rates between the two groups of $7^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $27^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$(at PCV 20% and 10%), even though the temperature difference is $20^{\circ}C$.