• Title/Summary/Keyword: PCV-2

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Seroprevalence of selected porcine respiratory pathogens in the pig herds in Chungcheong and Gyeongsang provinces in Korea

  • Chu, Jia-Qi;Hu, Xu-Min;Kim, Myung-Cheol;Park, Chang-Sik;Jun, Moo-Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2009
  • We studied the seroprevalence of four respiratory pathogens in Korean swine farms located in Chungnam, Chungbuk, Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk provinces during the period of spring of 2007 to winter of 2008. Serological tests were performed using commercial ELISA kits. A total of 530 serum samples were tested for the antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP). Seroprevalence for four respiratory pathogens were estimated by ELISA-positive rates of the submitted samples. The overall seropositive rates of PRRSV, APP, M. hyo and PCV2 were 32.6%, 10.6%, 38.4% and 88.5%, respectively. By production stage, the seropositive rate for PRRSV was highest in nursery pig populations (46.2%). In contrast, the highest seropositive rates of APP and M. hyo were observed in sow and growing pigs. However, the seroprevalence of PCV2 was ranged from 85.7% to 89.6%, showing no significant difference among the production stages. In the seroprevalence by season, PRRSV, APP and M. hyo infections revealed typical seasonal patterns that the peaks of the seropositive rates were observed between early winter and late spring. In case of PCV2, no particular seasonal patterns were noticed. The pig herds in Gyeongbuk province where PMWS was endemic during the period of survey showed the highest seropositive rates for PRRSV (44.6%), M. hyo (47.5%), and PCV2 (92.7%). Seropositive rates for APP of four provinces were approximately 10%. These results might be valuable for control and prevention of the respiratory diseases and helpful to define strategies related to vaccine applications.

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection in a Piglet Born from a Surrogate Mother (대리모에서 출생한 돼지에서 돼지 써코 바이러스 2형 감염)

  • Lee, Su-Hyung;Kang, Sang-Chul;Park, Jun-Won;Chung, Hee-Chun;Park, Bong-Kyun;Kim, Dae-Yong;Kim, Jae-Hoon
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.258-261
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    • 2014
  • A 4-week-old male piglet being maintained in a research facility was found dead without any previous clinical signs. The piglet had been born from a surrogate mother after somatic nuclear transfer as part of a xenotransplantation study. Ovaries for nuclear transfer were obtained from a private farm outside the research facility. Histopathologically, multifocal to coalescing granulomatous myocarditis was observed in the heart, characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, and by myocardial necrosis and fibrosis. Lymphoid tissues showed marked lymphoid depletion with infiltration by histiocytes or giant cells. Immunohistochemistry showed PCV-2 antigens in necrotic myocytes, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the heart, as well as in macrophages and giant cells in lymphoid depleted areas of lymphoid tissues. Reproductive failure associated with PCV-2 in aborted or stillborn piglets is frequently characterized by myocarditis, and similar lesions were observed in this 4-week-old piglet with PCV-2 infection. The PCV-2 infection in this piglet may have been due to contamination or infection of an ovary from the pig farm.

Prevalence of infectious reproductive diseases in sows from Tolima-Colombia

  • Nicolas Carrillo-Godoy;Valentina Rueda-Garcia;Heinner Fabian Uribe-Garcia;Iang Schroniltgen Rondon-Barragan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.63 no.1
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    • pp.4.1-4.5
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    • 2023
  • The prevalence of some swine reproductive and zoonotic diseases in Colombia is unknown, making their management difficult. This study assessed the prevalence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), Leptospira interrogans, pseudorabies virus, and porcine gamma-herpesvirus by polymerase chain reaction in sows in the productive stage, from farms with a history of reproductive failures, at the department of Tolima. The prevalence of PCV3 was 2.6% and 12.6% for L. interrogans, with some samples co-infected with PCV2. Owing to the coinfections with PCV2, it is necessary to establish whether the interactions between these pathogens were related to the presence of reproductive problems.

Prevalence and Expression Pattern of Cytokines in Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) (돼지호흡기복합증후군(Porcine respiratory disease complex, PRDC)에 대한 발생상황의 분석 및 cytokine의 변화)

  • Lee, Kyung Hyun;Song, Jae Chan
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.10
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    • pp.1118-1124
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    • 2014
  • Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a common respiratory disease in nursery and grow-finishing pigs. A complex of viral and bacterial agents is known to be involved in the etiology of PRDC. The purpose of this study was to investigate common etiologic agents associated with PRDC in the field and compare detection methods for identifying these agents. To understand the mechanism of polymicrobial infection in PRDC, changes in the expression of cytokines were investigated. In 461 pig samples examined, most of the affected pigs ranged from 3 to 10 weeks old (73.4%), and 348 (75.4%) samples were confirmed as polymicrobial infection. Of the polymicrobial-infected cases, two (50.3%), three (32.2%), four (13.8%), five (3.2%), and six (0.5%) agents were detected. Two- or three-agent infections were the most common, with PRRSV/PCV-2 (44.6%) the most common two-agent infection. PRRSV/PCV-2/H. parasuis (11.0%) was the most common three-agent infection. Comparison of two detection methods (PCR and IHC) in the polymicrobial cases showed that 78.4% were PCV-2 positive with the PCR method, and 26.2% were PCV-2 positive with IHC. SIV was 7.8% by the PCR method and 3.7% positive by the IHC. This result indicates that the PCR method is more useful than IHC for detecting causative agents in PRDC. In the analysis of cytokines in the two- and three-agent infected samples, interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and INF-${\alpha}$ showed the same expression pattern. All cytokines were suppressed, except IL-6. These findings indicate that changes in cytokine expression could be used to understand the mechanism of polymicrobial infection in PRDC.

Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 from slaughtered pigs in eastern area of Gangwon province (강원도 영동지역의 도축돈에 대한 porcine circovirus type 2 감염율 조사)

  • Choi Won-Zong;Hong Gyong-Soo;Jeong Woong-Ho;Kim Nam-Sun;Kim Nyeun-Su;Kim Ki-Tae;Kim Kwang-Jae;Kim Moon-Shik
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 2006
  • Porcine circovius type 2 (PCV 2) is a novel virus of Circoviridae familiy which is considering the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of PCV 2 infection of swine in eastern areas of Gangwon province from February to June in 2005. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to identify the PCV 2 genome against 80 pigs. The number of infection and its rate of 4 areas, 8 farms and 80 pigs were 3 (75.0%), 7 (88.0%) and 44 (55.0%), respectively.

Use of a multinomial logistic regression model to evaluate risk factors for porcine circovirus type 2 infection on pig farms in the Republic of Korea

  • Kim, Eu-Tteum;Pak, Son-Il
    • Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.129-132
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    • 2017
  • The current study identified risk factors associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection on pig farms in the Republic of Korea using a multinomial logistic regression model to evaluate the PCV2 infection status of pigs at different growth stages. Compulsory disinfection of visitors (odds ratio [OR]: 0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI]: <0.001-0.378, p=0.0095), compulsory registration of visitors (OR: 0.002, 95% CI: <0.001-0.184, p=0.0070), regular blood testing (OR: 0.012, 95% CI: <0.001-0.157, p=0.0007), and running on-farm biosecurity learning programs for workers (OR: 0.156, 95% CI: 0.040-0.604, p=0.0072 and OR: 0.201, 95% CI: 0.055-0.737, p=0.0155, respectively) were identified as factors which could reduce the risk of PCV2 infection. However, visitation by a regular veterinarian (OR: 32.733, 95% CI: 3.768-284.327, p=0.0016) was associated with PCV2 infection.

Development of Molecular Detection of Three Species of Seed-Transmissible Viruses Useful for Plant Quarantine

  • Lee, Bo-Young;Lim, Hee-Rae;Choi, Ji-Yong;Ryu, Ki-Hyun
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.302-307
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    • 2004
  • Three pairs of specific primers were developed for rapid and precise RT-PCR detection of three seed-transmissible viruses, namely Peanut clump virus (PCV, Pecluvirus), White clover mosaic virus (WCIMV, Potexvirus) and Carrot red leaf virus (CaRLV, Luteovirus). Each primer set was found in conserved region through multiple sequence alignment in the DNAMAN. Total nucleic acids extracted from PCV-, WCMV-, and CaRLV-infected seeds and healthy plants were used for RT-PCR detection using each virus-specific primer, Sizes of PCV, WCIMV, and CaRLV PCR products were 617bp (PCV-uni5 and PCV-uni3 primers), 561bp (WCMV-CP5 and WCMV-CP3 primers), and 626bp (CL1-UP and CL2-DN primers); which corresponded to the target sizes. Nucleotides sequences of each amplified cDNA were confirmed which belonged to the original virus. This study suggests that these virus-specific primer sets can specifically amplify viral sequences in infected seeds. Thus, they can be used for specific detection of three viruses (PCV, WCMV and CaRLV) from imported seed samples for plant quarantine service.

Studies on the red blood cell sedimention rates in heteroplasma of chicken and goat (닭 및 산양의 이종plasma내에서 적혈구 침강에 대한 연구)

  • Yu, Chang-jun;Lee, Soo-doo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.271-277
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    • 1988
  • In order to study the marked variation of red blood cell sedimentation rate in some species of animals, the packed cell volume, volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood, was reshuffled of 20%, 40% and 60% using heteroplasma of chicken and goat, and the red blood cell sedimentation rate was measured in Westergren tubes at $27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The values of packed cell volume(PCV) of goat and chicken were $40.7{\pm}4.1%$ and $30.2{\pm}2.2%$ respectively. 2. The sedimentation rates of reshuffled red blood cell were settled faster at lower PCV than higher PCV, i.${\acute{e}}$. there was a reverse relationship between the sedimention rate and PCV. 3. Red blood cells of chicken settled quickly, where as those of goat settled very slowly. Chicken red blood cell sedimented rapidly even in goat plasma, and goat red blood cell sedimented slowly in chicken plasma. These findings indicate that the plasma is not the only factor determining the rapid red blood cell sedimentation rate of chicken. 4. The sedimentation rate of reshuffled red blood cell of chicken and goat were accelerated at higher temperature than lower temperature.

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The prevalence of viral diseases in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea (경남지역 야생 멧돼지의 바이러스성 질병 감염 실태 조사)

  • Cheol-Ho Kim;Yongwoo Son;Yu-Jeong Choi;Byeong Hyo Ko;Weon Hwa Kang;Gyeong Ae Kim;Seungyun Lee;Woo Hyun Kim
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2023
  • Wild boar is closely related to domestic pigs in terms of genetic homogeneity and the possibility of a source of infection by contact. This study investigated the prevalence of viral diseases from wild boars inhabiting Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. A total of 374 blood samples were collected and subjected to antigen tests to detect African swine fever virus (ASFV), Porcine circovirus type-2 (PCV2), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). For seroprevalence, PCV2, PRRS, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Aujezsky's disease (ADV), and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) were investigated. The antigenic analysis revealed 73 positive cases (19.5%) for PCV2, while no positive cases for ASFV and PRRSV. For the antibody test, 225 (60.2%), 2 (0.5%), and 48 (12.8%) cases were detected against PCV2, PRRSV, and CSFV, respectively. There were no antibodies detected against both ADV and FMDV. Our results suggest that the viruses infecting both wild boar and domestic pig, mainly PCV2, are circulating in the wild boar population thus, the consistent monitoring of prevalence in wild boar will be needed for transboundary spillover to the domestic pig.

Implementation of point-of-care platforms for rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2

  • Chiao-Hsu Ke;Mao-Yuan Du;Wang-Ju Hsieh;Chiu-Chiao Lin;James Mingjuh Ting;Ming-Tang Chiou;Chao-Nan Lin
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.28.1-28.11
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    • 2024
  • Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is ubiquitous around the world. Diagnosis of the porcine circovirus-associated disease requires clinic-pathological elements together with the quantification of viral loads. Furthermore, given pig farms in regions lacking access to sufficient laboratory equipment, developing diagnostic devices with high accuracy, accessibility, and affordability is a necessity. Objectives: This study aims to investigate two newly developed diagnostic tools that may satisfy these criteria. Methods: We collected 250 specimens, including 170 PCV2-positive and 80 PCV2-negative samples. The standard diagnosis and cycle threshold (Ct) values were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Then, two point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms, convective polymerase chain reaction (cPCR, qualitative assay: positive or negative results are shown) and EZtargex (quantitative assay: Ct values are shown), were examined and analyzed. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of cPCR were 88.23% and 100%, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of EZtargex were 87.65% and 100%, respectively. These assays also showed excellent concordance compared with the qPCR assay (κ = 0.828 for cPCR and κ = 0.820 for EZtargex). The statistical analysis showed a great diagnostic power of the EZtargex assay to discriminate between samples with different levels of positivity. Conclusions: The two point-of-care diagnostic platforms are accurate, rapid, convenient and require little training for PCV2 diagnosis. These POC platforms can discriminate viral loads to predict the clinical status of the animals. The current study provided evidence that these diagnostics were applicable with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PCV2 infection in the field.