• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.350-358
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• 2015

Objective : To evaluate the morphometry of the anterior thalamoperforating arteries (ATPA). Methods : A microanatomical study was performed in 79 specimens from 42 formalin-fixed adult cadaver brains. The origins of the ATPAs were divided into anterior, middle, and posterior segments according to the crowding pattern. The morphometry of the ATPAs, including the premammillary artery (PMA), were examined under a surgical microscope. Results : The anterior and middle segments of the ATPAs arose at mean intervals of $1.75{\pm}1.62$ mm and $5.86{\pm}2.05$ mm from the internal carotid artery (ICA), and the interval between these segments was a mean of $3.17{\pm}1.64$ mm. The posterior segment arose at a mean interval of $2.43{\pm}1.46$ mm from the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the interval between the middle and posterior segments was a mean of $3.45{\pm}1.39$ mm. The mean numbers of perforators were $2.66{\pm}1.19$, $3.03{\pm}1.84$, and $1.67{\pm}0.98$ in the anterior, middle, and posterior segments, respectively. The PMA originated from the middle segment in 66% of cases. A perforator-free zone was located >2 mm from the ICA in 30.4% and >2 mm from the PCA in 67.1% of cases. Conclusion : Most perforators arose from the anterior and middle segments, within the anterior two-thirds of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA). The safest perforator-free zone was located closest to the PCA. These anatomical findings may be helpful to verify safety when treating lesions around the PCoA and in the interpeduncular fossa.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2020

Background: This study investigated the effect of soil properties and soil bacterial community on early growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in coniferous and mixed forest experimental fields. Methods and Results: The soil bacterial community was analyzed using a high throughput sequencing technique (Illumina MiSeq sequencing). The relationship between the soil bacterial community, soil properties, and growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng were analyzed using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the Pearson's correlation analysis. Soil properties and soil bacterial community showed significant difference with forest physiognomy. Results of Pearson's correlation analysis and PCoA showed that the soil properties (soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity) and soil bacterial community had significant correlation with tree species ratio and early growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng. Conclusions: This study clearly demonstrated the effect of soil properties and soil bacterial community on early growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng in coniferous and mixed forest. Moreover, these results will help in the selection of suitable cultivation sites for wild-simulated ginseng.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2020

Background: This study investigated the effects of soil properties on the soil fungal community in first and continuous cultivation areas of Cnidium officinale Makino. Methods and Results: The soil fungal community was analyzed for relative abundance and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was conducted using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The correlation between the soil chemical properties and the soil fungal community was assessed with distance-based linear models (DISTLM). The soil fungal community showed distinct clusters consisting in the continuous cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. PCoA and DISTLM indicated that soil pH, calcium, and available P₂O₅ significantly affected the soil fungal community in the cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. In addition, considering 5 different pathogenic fungi the relative abundance of Fusarium in the continuous cultivation area was significantly higher compared to that in the first cultivation area of C. officinale Makino. Conclusions: This study is important because it has determinined the effects of soil properties on the soil fungal community in both first and continuous cultivation areas of C. officinale Makino. Moreover, these results will be helpful to investigate the cause of continuous cropping obstacle in C. officinale Makino by examining the changes of soil fungal community.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2002

Background : An increased frequency of reproductive endocrine disorders and polycystic ovary(PCO) has been reported in women with epilepsy. A possible role of the seizure disorder or, of the use of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) has been suggested as the pathogenic mechanism. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of reproductive endocrine disorders, such as PCO or menstrual abnormalities, in a series of women with epilepsy, examining the possible relationships of these disturbances with different epilepsy syndromes and AED treatment. Methods : Thirty epileptic women, all of reproductive age and none pubertal, pregnant, or lactating, were evaluated by clinical endocrinological assessment, and pelvic ultrasonography. Seven patients were on valproic acid(VPA), nineteen on carbamazepine(CBZ), and four on diphenylhydantoin(DPH) treatment, respectively. Results : Menstrual irregularity was observed in 8 women(26.7%), dysmenorrhea in 7(23.3%), and premenstrual syndrome in 1(3.3%). Ultrasonographic examination revealed that one women(3.3%) showed polycystic ovary, 4(13.3%) had ovarian cyst(s), and 2(6.7%) had uterine myoma, respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of menstrual abnormalities or polycystic ovary according to the different preparations of AEDs. Conclusions : Data from this investigation suggest that, in Korean reproductive age women, the treatment of AEDs and the kind of medication may not have a significant effect on the prevalence of menstrual abnormalities or ultrasonographic polycystic ovary.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

Objectives There was a correlation between respiratory index and Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, no study has examined the relationship between hyperventilation and POMS. Therefore, this study showed differences in POMS subscales and respiratory patterns between hyperventilation group and normal group. Methods 20 healthy men and women were to complete Nijmegen and Korean-Profile of Mood States(K-POMS) questionnaire aimed at subjects (13 men, 12 women). By attaching a capnometer to the nasal cavity portion, end-tidal $PCO_2$ was measured. Also, marker was attached at Zhangmen, Juque, Shuifen. The movement of the marker was taken as a web cam. Statistical analysis Mann Whitney U test was used for the nonparametric methods. Results In the subscale of K-POMS were significant differences(Tension-0.001, Anger-0.007, Fatigue-0.002, Depression -0.004) between the normal group and the group with the hyperventilation. In addition, between the two groups were obtained a significant result(0.046) in the movement of the Shuifen acupoint. Conclusions Nijmegen questionnaire score is higher, the higher negative subscale scores of K-POMS. Also, differences in Nijmegen questionnaire score may help to determine the presence or absence of the abdominal breathing.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권4호
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• pp.551-562
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• 2002

원격 이동 가입자가 방문망에서 자신의 홈망 인증 서버를 접속하여 인증을 득하고 이를 통해 IP를 할당받아 무선 인터넷 서비스를 받게 되는데 이 경우 보편적으로 PPP CHAP 인증 기능을 적용한다. 그러나 기존의 PPP CHAP 인증 기능을 GPRS 망으로 이동한 원격 이동 ISP 가입자에게 직접 적용할 수는 없다. 이에 본 논문에서는 GPRS 망으로 이동한 원격 이동 ISP 가입자에게 PPP CHAP 인증 기능을 통해 홈망의 인증 서버를 접속하여 인증을 득하고 IP를 할당받아 이동 ISP 가입자가 GPRS 망에서 무선 인터넷 서비스를 받을 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 GPRS 망으로 이동한 이동 ISP 가입자가 PPP CHAP 인증 기능을 통해 홈망의 인증서버로부터 인증을 득할 수 있도록 기존의 PPP CHAP 메시지 변경 구조와 MT에서의 PCO 메시지 구조, 그리고 GGSN과 ISP RADIUS 연동 메시지 구조 등을 제시한다. 또 제안된 PPP CHAP 방식을 통해 GPRS 망 GGSN에서 ISP망 내 RADIUS 서버 접속시 진행된 인증 시험 결과를 제시한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.856-860
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• 1993

We performed serial pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas analysis at preoperative period and postoperative 1st week in 337 patients who underwent pulmonary resection from May 1988 to April 1992 at Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul adventist hospital. Follow-up study for PFT and ABGA were possible in 30 % of the patients at postoperative 3rd or 4th month. In patient who underwent pneumonectomy, VC was decreased from 57.7% to 46.1%, FVC was decreased from 53.5 % to 41.2 % and MBC also decreased from 68.1% to 49.6 % at postoperative 1st week. But ABGA revealed that POa-, was increased from 87.2 mmHg to 92.7 mmHg, and PCO2 was decreased from 43.2 mmHg to 35.9 mmHg at postoperative 1st week. In patients who underwent lobectomy, VC was decreased from 78.1% to 68.30 %, FVC was decreased from 72.5% to 55.3% and MBC was decreased from 73.5% to 68% at postoperative 1st week.But, ABGA revealed that PO2 was increased from 95.2 mmHg to 97.9 mmHg and PCO2 was decreased from 42.3 mmHg to 39.0 mmHg at postoperative 1st week. The pulmonary function recovered at postoperative 3rd or 4th month and its ratio to preoperative value was 90% in lobectomy cases, but in pneumonectomy cases VC and MBC were recovered 20% and 15 % above the preoperative values. We concluded that resection of atelectasis, destructed lung, open negative and open positive cavity in the pulmonary tuberculosis were beni~t to improve ventilation-perfusion ratio,and pulmonary function was recovered nearly to preoperative level at postoperative 3rd or 4th month.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2016

Understanding the genetic variation among landrace collections is important for crop improvement and utilization of valuable genetic resources. The present study was carried out to analyse the genetic diversity and associated population structure of 621 foxtail millet accessions of Korean landraces using 22 EST-SSR markers. A total of 121 alleles were detected from all accessions with an average of 5.5 alleles per microsatellite locus. The average values of gene diversity, polymorphism information content, and expected heterozygosity were 0.518, 0.594, and 0.034, respectively. Following the unweighted neighbor-joining method with arithmetic mean based clustering using binary data of polymorphic markers, the genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters, and population structure analysis also separated into 3 populations. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) explained a variation of 13.88% and 10.99% by first and second coordinates, respectively. However, in PCoA analysis, clear population-level clusters could not be found. This pattern of distribution might be the result of gene flow via germplasm exchanges in nearby regions. The results indicate that these Korean landraces of foxtail millet exhibit a moderate level of diversity. This study demonstrated that molecular marker strategies could contribute to a better understanding of the genetic structure in foxtail millet germplasm, and provides potentially useful information for developing conservation and breeding strategies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

경남 양산시 신불산의 습원(면적 14,000 $m^2$)에 대한 식물군락의 유형화와 동태에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 습원 식물상은 감시대상이 되는 식물종 26종을 포함한42과 80속 105종이 기재되었다. Z.-M.학파의 연구방법으로 8개 식생유형이 분류되었다: 올챙이자리-바늘골군집(신칭), 이삭귀개-흰개수염군락, 진퍼리새-좀네모골군락(전형하위군락, 끈끈이주걱하위군락), 진퍼리새-하늘산제비난군집, 억새군락, 메역순나무군락, 떡갈나무-노린재나무군락, 신갈나무-노린재나무군락 주좌표분석(PCoA)은 습원 내 식물군락들이 초본층(지표면)의 직사광선 이용 경향성 및 건습환경 조건, 그리고 토양의 비옥성(중영양-빈영양)에 대응하여 식생 구조의 다변성과 분포 경향성을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다. 한반도 동남부 영남알프스 산악지역에서의 산지 중간습원을 대표하는 진퍼리새군강 발달의 주요 요인은 국지적인 지리지형 조건으로부터 보다 짧고 습한 생육기를 야기하는 보다 긴 운무기간에 의한 냉각효과와 같은 기후 조건이 강조되었다. 양산습원은 인간간섭에 의한 습원식생과 자연 습원식생으로부터 무제치습원과 비교되었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

콘텐츠 중심 네트워크(CCN)는 데이터를 찾는데 필요한 라우팅 정보를 콘텐츠 이름에서 찾는 방식으로 기존의 IP 방식과는 다른 새로운 네트워킹 패러다임이다. CCN의 도전과제 중 하나인 이동성 관리는 크게 정보요청자의 이동과 정보제공자의 이동을 들 수 있다. 그 중에서도 정보제공자 이동의 경우 해당되는 라우터의 경로 정보를 갱신해야 하므로 많은 오버헤드와 시간이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문은 CCN에서 효율적인 정보제공자의 이동성 지원을 위해 콘텐츠의 인기도를 고려한 Popularity-based Pushing CCN(PoPCoN)을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 기존의 기법과 비교하여 요청자의 콘텐츠 다운로드 시간을 단축시키고 네트워크의 오버헤드를 감소시킨다.