• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.20 no.1 s.24
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a small-scale Gigabit VLBI observing system for the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) under construction. The system consists of high-speed sampler, IP-VLBI board, PC-VSI board, and software correlator. Radio signal received by receiver is sampled by high-speed sample. at 1 Gsps (Gigabit sample per second) rate with 2 bits quantization. The digitized signal is recorded in PC and the software correlator does the cross correlation. IP-VLBI board will be used for the geodesy VLBI observation, while PC-VSI board is for the astronomical VLBI observation. The PC-VSI board adopts the VSI-H (VLBI Standard Interface Hardware). The proposed system is based on commercial PCs and therefore can be built inexpensively.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1994

The cytological and ultrastructural findings of Pneumocystis carinii(PC) obtained from rats by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are described. All developmental forms of the PC organisms were obtained in the lavage fluid. Papanicolaou stain revealed conglomeration of PC as a foamy cast. The cystic walls of PC were well identified on Gomori's methenamine silver stain. Trophozoites and intracystic bodies were stained by Giemsa and Diff-Quik techniques. Some PC organisms were seen within the alveolar macrophages. Ultrastructurally, the cysts were almost circular in shape, and were nearly devoid of surface tubular extensions. The wall of the cyst was composed of an unit membrane, an intermediate electron lucent layer and an external electron dense layer The cysts frequently contained intracystic bodies, so called sporozoites. Occasionally empty or collapsed cysts with no intracystic bodies, and precysts were found. Trophozoites were variable in size and shape with abundant tubular extensions along the single electron dense pellicle. BAL is a useful method for concentrating the various morphologic forms of PC organisms, and is a rapid diagnostic method for PC pneumonia.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2015

This study was performed to comparative investigate the distribution of primary sensory and motor neurons associated with Cheonji(PC1) acupoint by using neural tracing technique. A total 4 SD rats were used in the present study. After anesthesia, the rats received microinjection of $6{\mu}l$ of cholera toxin B subunit(CTB) into the corresponding sites of the acupoints Cheonji(PC1) in the human body for observing the distribution of the related primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia(DRGs) and motor neurons in the spinal cord(C3~T4) and sympathetic ganglia. Three days after the microinjection, the rats were anesthetized and transcardially perfused saline and 4% paraformaldehyde, followed by routine section of the DRGs, sympathetic chain ganglia(SCGs) and spinal cord. Labeled neurons and nerve fibers were detected by immunohistochemical method and observed by light microscope equipped with a digital camera. The labeled neurons were recorded and counted. From this research, the distribution of primary sensory and motor neurons associated with Cheonji(PC1) acupoints were concluded as follows. Muscle meridian related Cheonji(PC1) are controlled by spinal segments of C5~T1, C6~T4, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2006

Propylene Carbonate (PC) has the interesting properties of being able to dissolve and dissociate lithium salts, thus leading to highly conducting electrolytes even at low temperatures. Moreover, electrolytes that contain PC are stable against oxidation at voltages up to ~5 V. However, it is known that, when lithium is intercalated into graphite in pure PC based electrolytes, solvent co-intercalation occurs, leading to the destruction of the graphite structure. (i.e., exfoliation). The objective of this study was to suppress PC decomposition and prevent exfoliation of the graphite anode by co-intercalation. Electrochemical characteristics were studied using Kawasaki mesophase fine carbon (KMFC) in different 1 M $LiPF_6$/PC-based electrolytes. Electrochemical experiments were completed using chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. From the observed results, we conclude that the MA and $Li_2CO_3$ additive suppressed co-intercalation of the PC electrolyte into the graphite anode. The use of additives, for reducing the extent of solvent decomposition before exfoliation of the graphite anode, could therefore enhance the stability of a KMFC electrode.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2008

We fabricated tetra(5-n-nonyl-8-tert-butyl-2,3-pyrazino[2,3-b]indolo)porphyrazinato copper(II) (Cu-Pc-$C_8$) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. We further investigated the influence of arachidic acid (AA) as a transfer promoter, as well as the effect of dipping speed, on the deposition of the films on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. In the case of pure Cu-Pc-$C_8$ LB deposition on a hydrophilic substrate, the transfer ratio was close to one for up-stroke depositions, but the previously deposited film was peeled off and re-spread onto water at down-stroke depositions. Whereas the stability of the Cu-Pc-$C_8$ LB films was not improved by AA addition on hydrophilic substrates, the deposition of Cu-Pc-$C_8$ was significantly improved by the presence of AA on a hydrophobic substrate. The AA-assisted deposition had transfer ratio of close to 1 and was essentially stable up to 10-layer depositions. Comparison of the UV-visible spectrum of a Cu-Pc-$C_8$/AA LB film with that of Cu-Pc-$C_8$/AA solution in dichloroethane revealed that the Soret and Q bands for the Cu-Pc-$C_8$/AA LB film were broadened and red-shifted due to the aggregation of phthalocyanines upon assembly in the LB film.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2015

We synthesized a low band gap alternating copolymer containing electron-rich units (i.e. dithienosiloles and benzodithiophenes) and electron-deficient units (i.e. difluorobenzothiadiazoles) for high performance organic solar cells. The polymer was prepared by the Stille coupling reaction and characterized using $^1H$ NMR, GPC, TGA, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Solar cells were fabricated in a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer: $PC_{70}BM/Al$ with five different blending ratios of polymer and $PC_{70}BM$ (1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3, 1:3.5 and 1:4 by weight ratio). The best efficiency was achieved from the 1:3 ratio of polymer and $PC_{70}BM$ in the photoactive layer, and TEM revealed that there is an optimal nanoscale phase separation between polymer and $PC_{70}BM$ in the 1:3 ratio blend film.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.106-110
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• 2002

Gel-type polyacrylonitrile(PAN) polymer electrolytes have been prepared using ethylene carbonate(EC), propylene carbonate(PC) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) plasticizer, $LiPF_6$ salt and $TiO_2$ ceramic filler. Electrochemical properties, such as electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity and compatibility with lithium metal and mechanical properly of polymer electrolytes were investigated. Charge/discharge performance of lithium secondary battery using these polymer electrolytes were investigated. The maximum load that the polymer electrolyte resists increased about two times as a result of adding $TiO_2$ in the polymer electrolyte containing EC and PC. Polymer electrolyte containing EC, PC and $TiO_2$ also showed ionic conductivity of $2\times10^{-3} S/cm$ at room temperature and electrochemical stability window up to 와 4.5V. Polymer electrolyte containing EC, PC, and $TiO_2$ showed the most stable interfacial resistance of $130\Omega$ during 20 days in the impedance spectra of the cells which were constructed by lithium metals as electrodes. Lithium metal secondary battery which employed $LiCoO_2$ cathode, lithium metal anode and $TiO_2$-dispersed polymer electrolyte showed $90\%$ of charge/discharge efficiency at the 1C rate of discharge.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1642-1645
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Biotite V supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and blood constituents and to evaluate whether Biotite V could replace an antibiotics in growing pigs diet. One hundred twenty pigs with initial body weight of 18.35${\pm}$0.15 kg were used in a 28 days growth trial. Pigs were allotted to four treatments by sex and body weight in a randomized complete block design. There were six replicate pens per treatment and five pigs per pen. Four dietary treatments were: 1) NC (basal diet without antibiotics), 2) PC (basal diet+0.1% CTC), 3) NCBV (NC diet+0.5% 200 mesh Biotite V) and 4) PCBV (PC diet+0.5% 200 mesh Biotite V). Through the entire experimental period, ADG tented to increase in NCBV and PCBV treatments compared to NC and PC treatments respectively, but no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). ADFI was slightly lower in NCBV and PCBV treatments than that in NC and PC treatments without significant differences (p>0.05). Gain/feed in PC and PCBV treatments was improved significantly compared to NC treatment (p<0.05). N and Ca digestibilities were higher in PCBV treatments than those in PC treatment (p<0.05). DM and P digestibilities were not affected by the addition of Biotite V (p>0.05). RBC, HCT, Hb, lymphocyte and monocyte were increased numerically in NCBV and PCBV treatments compared to NC and PC treatments (p>0.05). WBC was lower in treatment groups than that in NC treatment, but no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Biotite V can better the gain/feed and some of the nutrients digestibilities in growing pigs. It has a possibility to replace antibiotics in swine diet.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.369-374
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• 2010

The PC12 is the widely used cell line to study neuronal differentiation. We had extensively investigated the details of protein expression in differentiated PC12 cells by proteomic analysis. The cells were incubated at the presence of nerve growth factor. We had analyzed the expression changes in the differentiating PC12 cells by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and the identification of the proteins using MALDI-TOF MS. By comparing expression pattern in the time course, we identified the candidate genes which are associated with neuronal differentiation. Among these genes, we performed real-time PCR analysis to validate $Idh3{\alpha}$ expression by the time course. To identify the function of $Idh3{\alpha}$ in neuronal differentiation stage, the transfection of $Idh3{\alpha}$ to PC12 cells was performed. As a result, we proved that up-regulation of $Idh3{\alpha}$ causes reduction in neural differentiation of PC12 cells. Based on these data, we suggest that $Idh3{\alpha}$ plays a role to the neuronal differentiation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.554-567
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• 2001

It is necessary to compare the dietary characteristics among different age groups because different nutritional problems require different dietary applications. This study was performed to identify the nutritional characteristics of Korean diet among different age groups. The study subjects consisted of preschool children(PC), elementary school children(EC), high school students(HS), college students(CS), and adults over 30 years old living in Seoul and the surrounding areas. The subjects over 30 years old were classified to 30-49 years, 50-69 years, and over 70 years. A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method and data were collected from 2392 subjects. Energy intake was as much as 1771kcal for PC, 2139kcal for EC, 2475kcal for HS, 2276kcal for CS, 1860kcal for 30-49 years, 1715kcal for 50-69 years, 1326kcal for over 70 years. The subjects of PC, EC, HS, and CS groups got about 25% of energy from fat, but the subjects in 30-49 years, 16%, those in 50-69 years, 15%, and those over 70 years, 13%. The energy consumption from protein was about 15% in each age group. Percent of energy intake as Korean RDA was greater than 100% for PC, EC, HS, and male CS groups. The percent intake for RDA of calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B$_2$was low in most age group. Iron intake was inadequate in female of PC and CS groups, and subjects in 30-49 years and over 70 years. Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was 0.9 in PC, and decreased with increase of age. Therefore MAR did not reach to 0.7 among subjects over 70 years. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) for calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B was below 1 in most age groups. From these results, major nutritional problems of each age group were overall inadequate intakes of calcium and iron, excess consumption of protein and fat for PC, EC, HS, and CS groups, and inadequate nutrients intake of subjects over 70 years old. According to these results, each age group seems to need specific nutritional intervention. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 554~567, 2001)