• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1998

The use and need of health and nutrition information on the PC communication and internet among university students at Chungbuk area were investigated. The data from 167 students from two different universities were collected and analyzed from March to May, 1998. The results are as follows. 1. Male students were 27.5% and female students were 72.5%. 2. Sixty percent and 74.7% of the students had ever used PC communication and internet, respectively. Higher proportions of male students had experiences in PC communication and internet use than fe male students. The main reasons to use PC communication and internet were 1)to obtain information and knowledge(67.4%) 2)to enjoy(10.5%), 3)to make friends or to talk(5.3%) 3. About 40% of the experienced students of the PC communication of internet obtained health or nutrition information. However, only 25% of the experienced students obtained the nutrition information from the internet. Only 10% of the students agreed that the information from the PC communication and internet was very useful. The reasons not to use the information from the PC communication and internet were 'lack of expertise of the information' and 'long response time'. Many students thought that the information provided through the computer should be improved in terms of variety and applicability to the real situation. 4. Among the 33 topics of the health and nutrition information given on the questionnaire, both male and female students had the greatest interest in stress management. The next topics in which female students had interests were diet for weight control, health problems related to menstration, dietary assessment, and cancer prevention. In male students, dietary assessment, infant nutrition management, hypertention diet were the main interests. On the basis of these results an information system on health and nutrition management during the lifecycle for Korean women will be constructed on the internet.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1979

Cellulases were isolated from both healthyl(PC) and virus0infected penicillum chrysogenum(PCV) in the wheat bean culture, and some properties of the enzymes were studied. 1) At $37^{\circ}C$, pH 6, 4 and 6day's culture the maximal enzyme yield was obtained in both PC and PCV. 2) The optimum temperature for the PC cellulase was at $50^{\circ}C$, and that for the PCV enzyme was the same. 3) The optimum pH for the PC enzyme was at 5.0, whereas the PCV enzyme was at 6.0, indicating that they are isozymes. 4) When Na-CMC was used as a substrate, PC enzyme was twice as high as the activity of PCV enzyme.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of 17 medicinal plants that have been used for ameliorating diabetes in oriental medicine were evaluated using glucose transport assay in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Higher activities were obtained by treating water or alcohol extract of Phellodendri Cortex (PC), which showed enhancing effects both on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The latter effect of PC was completely inhibited by wortmannin, a specific inhibitor for phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), but not affected by SB203580, A specific inhibitor for p38 mitogen-activatedprotein kinase(MAPK). Genistein, an inhibitor for tyrosine kinases, abolished the PC effects completely. Treatment of vanadate, an inhibitor for tyrosine phosphatases, together with PC showed no significant synergic enhancement in glucose uptake. The results of inhibitors associated with insulin signaling pathway indicated that extracts of PC enhance glucose uptake by PI-3 kinase activation which is an upstream event for GLUT4 translocation. Antidiabetic effects of PC extract might be also due to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced tyrosine dephosphorylation. In addition, PC accelerated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells, recovering the uptake level close to that of normal cells. These findings may offer a new way to utilize extracts of PC as novel anti-hyperglycemic agents.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1995

Background: Exercise is one of the most common precipitants of acute asthma encountered in clinical practice. The development of airflow limitation that occurs several minutes after vigorous exercise, i. g. exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB), has been shown to be closely correlated with the nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which is the hallmark of bronchial asthma. All previous reports that assessed the correlation of EIB to nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness have focused on airway sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to inhaled bronchoconstrictor such as methacholine or histamine. However, maximal airway narrowing(MAN), reflecting the extent to which the airways can narrow, when being exposed to high dose of inhaled stimuli, has not been studied in relation to the degree of EIB. Methods: Fifty-six children with mild asthma(41 boys and 15 girls), aged 6 to 15 years(mean${\pm}$SD, $9.9{\pm}2.5$ years) completed this study. Subjects attended the laboratory on two consecutive days. Each subject performed the high-dose methacholine inhalation test at 4 p.m. on the first day. The dose-response curves were characterized by their position($PC_{20}$) and MAN, which was defined as maximal response plateau(MRP: when two or three data points of the highest concentrations fell within a 5% response range) or the last of the data points(when a plateau could not be measured). On the next day, exercise challenge, free running outdoors for ten minutes, was performed at 9 a.m.. $FEV_1$ was measured at graduated intervals, 3 to 10 minutes apart, until 60 minutes after exercise. Response(the maximal ${\triangle}FEV_1$ from the pre-exercise value) was classified arbitrarily into three groups; no response((-) EIB: ${\triangle}FEV_1$<10%), equivocal response ($({\pm})$EIB:10%<${\triangle}FEV_1$<20%) and definite response($({\pm})$EIB:${\triangle}FEV_1$>20%). Results: 1) When geometric mean $PC_{20}$ of the three groups were compared, $PC_{20}$ of (+) EIB group was significantly lower than that of (-)EIB group. 2) There was a close correlation between $PC_{20}$ and the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=-0.568, p<0.01). 3) Of the total 56 subjects, MRP could be measured in 36 subjects, and the MRP of these subjects correlated fairly with the severity of EIB(r=0.355, p<0.05) 4) The MAN of (+) EIB group was significantly higher than that of (-)EIB group(p<0.01). 5) The MAN correlated well with the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=0.546, p<0.01). Conclusion: The degree of MAN as well as bronchial sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to methacholine is correlated well with the severity of EIB. The results suggest that the two main components of airway hyperresponsiveness may be equally important determinants of exercise reactivity, although the mechanism may be different from each other. The present study also provides further evidence that EIB is a manifestation of the increased airway reactivity characteristic of bronchial asthma.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2001

To investigate the mechanism of adriamycin (ADM) resistance in the ADM resistant subline PC-14/ADM, we examined the expressions of p-glycoprotein (P-gp), topoisomerase I (Topo I) and II (Topo II), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), tissue transglutaminase (t-TG), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and E-cadherin and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PC-14 and PC-14/ADM cells. There was no change in the cellular levels of P-gp, Topo I, Topo II, and the two isoforms of GSTs. However, SOD activity in PC-14/ADM cells was 2.38 fold higher than that in PC-14 cells. A marked induction of the t-TG expression was also observed in PC-14/ADM cells. In addition to those changes, expressions of EGFR and E-cadherin were down regulated in PC-14/ADM cells. Therefore, molecular modifications such as an increase in SOD activity, induction of the t-TG expression, and down regulation of EGFR and E-cadherin expressions may play important roles in PC-14/ADM cells during the development of ADM resistance.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.307-326
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• 2022

Currently, Mobile-commerce is active around the world, and consumers' online activities have changed significantly from pc-base to mobile-base. Unlike IT advanced countries such as the United States, which experienced PC-based online commerce (hereafter, PC-commerce) before Mobile-commerce, developing countries such as Vietnam have a relatively short history of PC-commerce. Consumers' experience with PC-commerce may affect their acceptance and use of Mobile-commerce. In this study, we tried to see if different online commerce histories differently affect consumers' online purchasing behavior. We selected the United States and Vietnam, with longer PC-commerce experience and shorter one, respectively. Data were collected for the following four groups: 1) the U.S. PC-commerce (n=256), 2) the U.S. Mobile-commerce (n=283), 3) the Vietnamese PC-commerce (n=159), and 4) the Vietnamese Mobile-commerce (n=225). As results, it was first confirmed that different e-commerce histories in developed and developing countries make the online shopping process different. Second, navigability has a huge impact on consumers' decision support satisfaction in Vietnam where PC-commerce history is shorter. Third, we identified that pre-purchase phase is more related with decision support satisfaction and that purchase phase is more related with task support satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2000

External morphology and numerical taxonomy by principal component analysis and cluster analysis were investigated to understand the taxonomic relationships on the populations of Hanabusaya asiatica from 6 different habitats. Additionally H. latisepala was used as a outgroup. The distinct characters to each habitat were not present in the measurement of 21 qualitative characters except for some native individuals in the top of Mt. Sorak and Hyangrobong based on leaf shape and bracts. This results were recognized as the continuous variations of external morphology. The populations of H. latisepala and H. asiatica were identified by calyx lobe shape. The results obtained based on the principal component(PC) analysis of treated 78 OTU were divided into two groups by PC 1,2,3, and the sums of contributions for the total variance were 50.07% (PC1 22.3% , PC2 15.7%, PC3 12.0%, respectively), and six populations were not distinctly identified as illustrated in two dimensions with PC1 and PC2. In cluster analysis based on average linkage cluster analysis and Ward's method, there were similarities in the composition of clustered taxa, and each populations were not identified.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1459-1466
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• 2006

The water extract of Hwansodan has been traditionally used for treatment of ischemic brain damage in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of Hwansodan rescues cells from neurodegenerative disease. PC12 pheochromocytoma cells have been used extensively as a model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell damages. Under deprivation of growth factor and ischemic injury, PC12 cells spontaneously undergoes apoptotic cell death. Serum and glucose deprivation markedly decreased the viability of PC12 cells, which was characterized with apparent apoptotic features such as membrane blebbing as well as fragmentation of genomic DNA and nuclei. However, the aqueous extract of Hwansodan significantly reduced serum and glucose deprivation-induced cell death and apoptotic characteristics through reduction of intracellular peroxide generation. Pretreatment of Hwansodan also ingibited the activation of caspase-3, in turn, degradation of ICAD/DFF45 was completely abolished in serum and glucose deprivated cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of Hwansodan obviously increased heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in PC12 cells. Taken together, the data suggest that the protective effects of Hwansodan against serum and glucose deprivation induced oxidative injuries may be achieved through the scavenging of reactive oxygene species accompanying with HO-1 induction.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.78.2-78.2
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• 2012

Orion A 분자운은 별탄생이 활발하게 일어나는 영역이면서 태양계에 비교적 가깝다. 그렇기 때문에 낮은 분해능으로도 자세한 관측이 가능하다. Orion A 분자운까지의 거리가 450 pc 이므로 대덕전파안테나 1' beam으로 0.13 pc 가 된다. 이곳에는 필라멘트 구조가 있는데 FCRAO를 통한 다파장관측을 통해서 필라멘트 구조가 확인되었다.(Melnick et al. 2011). 필라멘트는 길이 4.8 pc, 너비 1.5 pc 로 대덕전파망원경의 1' beam으로 자세한 관측이 가능하였다. 2010년 11월-2011년 5월까지 Orion A 분자운을 대덕전파망원경을 이용하여 $^{12}CO$, $^{13}CO$(J=1-0) 분자선 관측을 하였으며, 관측영역은 적경: 5h 32m - 5h 37m, 적위: $-5^{\circ}$ 14' - $-5^{\circ}$ 37'으로 ($1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$) 영역을 관측하였다. 그 결과 필라멘트구조를 확인할 수 있었으며 일자 형태로 분포되어 있다는 구조적 결과 얻었다. 관측된 필라멘트 덩어리의 전형적인 크기는 약 0.7 pc, 밀도는 약 $10^4cm^{-3}$, 질량은 약 500 $M_{\odot}$이다. 매우 밀한 곳은 1000 M${\bigodot}$이상의 질량분포도 나타내고 있다. 이것은 이 지역이 일반적인 분자운과 비교했을 때 고밀도 영역임을 나타내고 있다. 더욱 자세한 밀도구조와 질량분포를 밝혀보고 별탄생과의 관련성을 연구하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

This study is aimed to provide a guide for PC use space in apartment. To achieve this, a design about PC use space which was considered adequate location, area, form was suggested. As methods of the study, survey research method and case study. The survey was taken by five hundred-eighty-nine people who used PCs in apartment from May 2005 to July 2005 in JeJu Special Self-governing Province for an analysis of data. The results of the survey were showed PC use space situation and furnitures layout patterns. The case was classified by unit plans of size, and it showed design example of PC use space. In types of $61{\sim}69$ square meters ($m^2$), PC use space was located in dead-space in the residence with minimum scale, because of $61{\sim}69$ square meters types are smaller than the other types. In types $100{\sim}129$ square meters, PC use space which was divided with a partition panel was located in the livingroom expanding the room space to the balcony. In types of 130 square meters, PC use space was located in the room of sons or daughters which was arranged with other furniture. The adequate area of PC use space is $1.4{\sim}2.2$ square meters, and it should take into account furniture size and human active sphere. And PC use space of form should consider traffic line, personal space and privacy. Besides it is required of ergonomic design in chair, table in its scale. And it is necessary development of systematic furniture for PC use space.