• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2001년도 추계학술발표논문집 (하)
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• pp.899-902
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• 2001

공개키 연산을 이용하는 고액 지불 시스템(Macro Payment System)은 높은 수수료로 인해 경제성이 맞지 않아 소액 지불(Micro Payment)에는 적합하지 않다. 해쉬 연산을 이용한 PayWord 프로토콜은 저렴한 메커니즘 비용과 신속한 트랜잭션 처리, 거래과정에서 브로커의 오프라인 참여로 소액 대금 결재에 적합하다. 그러나 특정 상점에만 사용 가능한 화폐가치를 포함하여, 사용자가 거래하는 상점이 많아지면 관리 저장해야 하는 해쉬 체인의 수가 늘어나는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 전자화폐에 해당하는 해쉬 체인을 하나만 생성하여 여러 상점들에 안전한 지불을 수행하는 개선된 소액 지불 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 지불과정에 MAC(Message Authentication Code)을 이용한 해쉬 간을 추가하여, 상점들의 공모 및 악의적인 수정을 방지한다. 따라서 사용자는 하나의 해쉬 체인만을 생성함으로써 기존의 PayWord보다 계산부담이 줄고, 여러 상점들과의 일시적인 거래관계에서도 효율적인 지불을 수행한다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.829-851
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• 2000

This study used the contingent valuation method to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to improve their city-gas safety and what factors influence consumers' willingness-to-pay (WTP). To elicit this information a mail questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of 2,400 residents who use the city-gas. The survey results showed that individuals were willing to pay $4,750{\pm}342.8$ won per month for the city-gas safety improvement. The aggregate annual WTP was estimated at 121.5~318.0 billion won. To better understand how individual's socio/demographic characteristics affect the WTP, Censored Tobit analysis was used. The results show that higher income, more gas use (cooking and heating), willingness to install a safety instrument significantly increase consumer's WTP.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2003

Competition among electric generation companies is a major goal of restructuring in the electricity industry. In electricity market, a huge volume of commodities will be traded through competitive bidding. The choice between uniform and pay-as-bid pricing for electricity auction has been one of most important issues in deregulated electricity market. This paper proposes a constrained Bertrand model for analyzing the electricity auction market of price competition model. The issue of the two pricing rules of uniform and pay-as-bid is studied from the viewpoint of consumer's benefit. This paper also shows that transmission congestion depends on the pricing mechanism. Pay-as-bid pricing gives less possibility of transmission congestion by price competition, and less burden to consumers in the simulation results.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to propose the motivation of the analysis on consumer's purchase behavior and willingness-to-pay for flower tea. Therefore, we survey the purchase behaviors on flower teas as compared with leaf teas such as green teas. We also analyze the willingness to purchase and pay for such teas. The reasons for consuming flower teas are 'flavor', 'beauty/diet', 'health', consecutively. Consumers prioritize 'safety', 'quality', 'price', and 'design' when purchasing flower teas. Nevertheless, it is also essential to consider 'flavor' as a quality factor. It is necessary to differentiate the process and marketing strategies for the development of flower teas.

• 농촌계획
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is applied to estimate the landscape value of Jeju mandarin(orchard). A distribution-free approach, Turnbull empirical distribution model, is employed to solve negative willingness to pay and truncation problems. The data used are collected from the interviews with tourist about willingness-to-pay at the various donation amount levels of Jeju mandarin(orchard)'s landscape value. The evaluation result is shown that the average amount of willingness to pay for the Jeju mandarin's landscape value is 12,926 won per person with standard deviation of 1,874.7 won/person. When the number of Jeju visitors is considered, the economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape rises every year(2005:64.89 billion won, 2011: 84.43 billion won). The average economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape are estimated 59.65 billion won during 2000-2005 and 76.88 billion won during 2006-2011, respectively.

• 농촌계획
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the value of stone fences in Jeju Island. The result that executes attitude survey to local resident and visitor can be summarizing as following. First are the function and the value of Jeju traditional stone fences. Local resident favored the culture heritage succession and evaluated its' usage Value highly. Visitors also have favored rural landscape offer function and evaluated inheritance value (Bequest Value) highly. Secondly, 80.5% of visitors, 78.1% of local resident have formed opinion about preservation of traditional stone fences. But the Willingness to pay for traditional stone fences fund was raised by 38.6% in local resident and 55.7% in visitor. The reason that willingness to pay does not exist is that it is chargeable to connection group and government, or it has no money to pay. Thirdly, local resident wanted to use made up stone fence preservation fund in rural landscape offer function. Visitor wanted that it is used to raise various function of stone fence.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

Pay off reel is the device to release in the form of coil. Every time the device becomes a hassle to exchange, each diameter of two forms has been applied to the coil reel. There is the change of reel diameter of the sleeve portion to be the part of segment geometry. This unit is conducting on 3-dimensional modeling design. The basic strength and deformation of the device could be checked in advance by the basis of 3-d modeling data to perform simulations. The production of each part can be completed and assembled. Conducted for the final product which is tested and measured, all items are satisfied within the limits of targets. Due to the development of this device, the efficiency on operations can be increased and the production time becomes shortened.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.161-161
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• 2008

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 대표적인 소액 지불 프로토콜 중의 하나인 PayWord를 개선한 효율적인 지불프로토콜을 제안한다. 기존의 PayWord 시스템은 사용자가 해쉬 체인 연산을 수행하여 생성된 payword를 하나의 지정된 판매자에게만 지불할 수 있도록 설계되어 있다. 즉 사용자는 인터넷상의 수많은 판매자들과 거래를 하기 위해서 각 판매자에 대한 해쉬 체인 값을 새로 생성해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 결점을 보완하기 위해 사용자가 한 번 생성하는 해쉬 체인 값으로도 다른 판매자들과 거래를 할 수 있는 효율적인 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템에서는 브로커가 사용자의 인증서 발급 요청에 대하여 인증서와 함께 새로운 해쉬 체인 값을 생성한다. 이 인증서에는 사용자에게 payword를 생성할 수 있는 권한을 부여하기 위해 브로커의 전자 서명이 되어 있다. 브로커가 생성하는 새로운 해쉬 체인 값은 사용자가 한번의 해쉬 체인 연산의 수행으로 여러 판매자들과 거래할 수 있는 수단을 제공한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to survey on parents' preference and estimate parents' Willingness to pay(WTP) for after-school rural experience program in daegu city by choice experiment(CE). The results of this study are as follows; First, we divided after-school rural experience program into three types, namely: nature seeing, play exercise and learning experience. Second, the study has shown that parents prefer learning experience among those after-school rural experience programs. Among attributes which form a experience program, instructor certificates, consuming time and expense for participant are statistically effecting significant impact. Third, the result of estimation on willingness to pay for development of after-school rural experience program is as follow. The willingness to pay for learning experience is 6,337won, willingness to pay for instructor certificates is 14,102won and it for consuming time is 2,926won. Therefore, composition centering learning experience is better and instructor who has expert certificate is required. It is much better to compose that the consuming time is longer and the expense for experience is lower. But there is limitation because this survey was conducted based on an assumption, so it could read over estimation problem. The result of this study may provide useful information to develop after-school rural experience program using rural resources and to improve rural tourism policy.