• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.490-492
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 현재 KRISS(한국표준과학연구원)에 구축 된 JCSAT-1B 위성과 PAS-8 위성 그리고 PAS-4 위성을 이용하여 KRISS와 NICT(일본의 정보통신연구기관)간의 양방향 시각비교를 통하여 그들의 안정도를 비교분석하고 향후 JCSAT-1B 위성의 백업시스템으로써 PAS-4 위성과 PAS-8 위성의 활용성을 검토하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.576-584
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• 2002

Bovine PAS-4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed in mammary epithelial cells. Complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning of PAS-4 was performed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with oligonucleotide probes based on it's amino terminal and internal tryptic-peptides. The cloned PAS-4 cDNA was 1,852 nucleotides (nt) long and its open reading frame (ORF) was encoded 1,413 base long. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that PAS-4 consisted of 471 amino acid residues with molecular weight of 52,796, bearing 8 potential N-glycosylation sites and 9 cysteine residues. Partial bovine CD36 cDNA from liver also was sequenced and the homology of both nucleotide sequence was 94%. Most of the identical amino acid residues were in the luminal/extracellular domains. Contrary to PAS-4, bovine liver CD36 displays 6 potential N-glycosylation sites, which were located, except for those at positions 101 and 171, at same positions as PAS-4 cDNA. Cysteine residues of PAS-4 and CD36 were same at position and in numbers. Northern blot analysis showed that PAS-4 was widely expressed, although its mRNA steady-state levels vary considerably among the analyzed cell types. PAS-4 possessed hydrophobic amino acid segments near the amino- and carboxyl-termini. Two short cytoplasmic tails of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends constituted of a 5-7 and 8-11 amino acid residues, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.256-262
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• 2019

Objective : Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are often detected as incidental findings. However, the natural history remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural history and growth pattern of untreated PAs. Methods : Between 2003 and 2014, 59 PAs were managed with clinico-radiological follow up for longer than 12 months without any kind of therapeutic intervention. Tumor volumes were calculated at initial and last follow-up visit, and tumor growth during the observation period was determined. Data were analyzed according to clinical and imaging characteristics. Results : The mean initial and last tumor volume and diameter were $1.83{\pm}2.97mL$ and $13.77{\pm}6.45mm$, $2.85{\pm}4.47mL$ and $15.75{\pm}8.08mm$, respectively. The mean annual tumor growth rate was $0.33{\pm}0.68mL/year$ during a mean observation period of $46.8{\pm}32.1months$. Sixteen (27%) PAs showed tumor growth. The initial tumor size (HR, 1.140; 95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.295; p=0.045) was the independent predictive factor that determined the tumor growth. Six patients (11%) of 56 conservatively managed non-symptomatic PAs underwent resection for aggravating visual symptoms with mean interval of 34.5 months from diagnosis. By Cox regression analysis, PAs of last longest diameter over 21.75 mm were a significant prognostic factor for eventual treatment. Conclusion : The initial tumor size of PAs was independently associated with the tumor growth. Six patients (11%) of conservatively managed PAs were likely to be treated eventually. PAs of last follow-up longest diameter over 21.75 mm were a significant prognostic factor for treatment. Further studies with a large series are required to determine treatment strategy.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1989

The Applicability of chitin or chitosan microsphere as means to achieve sustained release of p-aminosalicylic acid(PAS) has been examined. The microsphere of chitin or chitosan containing PAS were prepared by coacervation in acidic aqueous system in range of pH 2.0-4.0. The dissolution test of PAS from polymeric drug system was carried out in vitro test. The dissolution rate of PAS from the microsphere with chitin was significanthly lower than that from the microsphere with chitosan.The dissolution rate of PAS from the microsphere was decreased with increasing of concentration of chitin and chitosan. The sustained release of PAS from the microsphere was more effective at pH 1.2 than pH 6.8.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 2019

Rice blast disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most important diseases in rice production. PAS (period circadian protein, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein, single-minded protein) domains are known to be involved in signal transduction pathways, but their functional roles have not been well studied in fungi. In this study, targeted gene deletion was carried out to investigate the functional roles of the PAS-containing gene MoPAS1 (MGG_02665) in M. oryzae. The deletion mutant ΔMopas1 exhibited easily wettable mycelia, reduced conidiation, and defects in appressorium formation and disease development compared to the wild type and complemented transformant. Exogenous cAMP restored appressorium formation in ΔMopas1, but the shape of the restored appressorium was irregular, indicating that MoPAS1 is involved in sensing the hydrophobic surface. To examine the expression and localization of MoPAS1 in M. oryzae during appressorium development and plant infection, we constructed a MoPAS1:GFP fusion construct. MoPAS1:GFP was observed in conidia and germ tubes at 0 and 2 h post-infection (hpi) on hydrophobic cover slips. By 8 hpi, most of the GFP signal was observed in the appressoria. During invasive growth in host cells, MoPAS1:GFP was found to be fully expressed in not only the appressoria but also invasive hyphae, suggesting that MoPAS may contribute to disease development in host cells. These results expand our knowledge of the roles of PAS-containing regulatory genes in the plant-pathogenic fungus M. oryzae.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.51.1-51.8
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• 2019

Purpose: It has been reported before that the amount of pharyngeal airway space (PAS) significantly decreases following mandibular setback (MS) surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism (MP). Further, MP patients with an anterior open-bite (AOB) presentation may show a larger decrease in PAS compared with those without AOB. However, studies on postoperative PAS changes in MP patients with AOB remain rare. This study sought to evaluate changes in PAS and hyoid bone positioning following MS surgery in MP patients with and without AOB. Patients and methods: Twenty patients who underwent two jaw surgery involving MS movement were included. Patients were divided into a non-AOB group (n = 10; overbite > 2 mm) and an AOB group (n = 10; overbite < - 4 mm). Three-dimensional changes in PAS and hyoid bone positioning were compared and statistically evaluated pre- and postoperatively using computed tomography (CT). Results: The mean magnitude of MS was 6.0 ± 2.8 mm and 5.6 ± 3.2 mm in the non-AOB group and AOB group, respectively. The oropharyngeal volume and upper hypopharyngeal volume were significantly reduced after surgery in both the groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003), while the retroglossal cross-sectional area was significantly reduced only in the AOB group (p = 0.028). Although the AOB group showed a larger decrease in PAS, the difference was not statistically significant between the groups. The position of the hyoid bone showed significant posterior and inferior displacement only in the AOB group, while the vertical displacement of the hyoid bone showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: PAS was significantly decreased after MS in both the groups, while only the AOB group presented a statistically significant reduction in the retroglossal cross-sectional area. Vertical displacement of the hyoid bone showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, while the PAS change was not. Surgeons should be aware of potential postoperative airway problems that may arise when performing MS surgeries.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 1992

A formalized bacterin(FKC) of Edwardsiella tarda, conjugated with/without Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA), Freund's incomplete adjuvant(FIA) and potassium aluminium sulfate(PAS), was administered by intraperitoneal injection to tilapia respectively. The tilapia were reared under indoor recirculating filter system. There were agglutinin titer increment in the tilapia which were administered not only FKC bacterin but also adjuvanted vaccines. But the producing time of the highest level of antibody in the immunized tilapia was different among vaccine preparation, i. e. FKC+FCA group and PAS+FKC group are between the 2nd and the 4th week, and FKC alone group is the 2nd week. In the challenge experiment with $2.5{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$ or $2.5{\times}10^8\;CFU/ml$ of E. tarda T1123 to the tilapia immunized with vaccines, RPS above sixty was recorded both challenge dose in the tilapia which were 3 weeks after immunization with FKC+FCA, PAS+FKC and FKC alone, and the former dose 8 weeks after immunization with FCA+FKC and PAS+FKC. There were some resistance enhancement against E. tarda in the tilapia which were injected with adjuvant alone than that of control. As the results, the FCA or PAS adjuvanted vaccine is effective to sustain the defensible period against edwardsiellosis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2001

Glycoproteins PAS-6(50 kDa) and -7(47 kDa) from the bovine milk fat globule membrane share a common protein core but differ in their carbohydrate moiety. We have analyzed and proposed the structures of the N-linked sugar chains of PAS-7 by Oxford Glyco System(OGS) RAAM2000. The N-linked sugar chains were liberated from PAS-7 by hydrazinolysis and, after modifying the reducing ends with 2-aminobenzamide(2-AB), were separated into one neutral(7N, 55%) and two acidic(7M, mono-, 43%; 7D, di-, 2%) sugar chain groups. 7N was finally separated into 5 chains(a, b, c, d, and e), respectively. The structure of this 2AB-neutral sugar chain was determined by sugar analysis, exoglycosidase digestion with OGS glycosidase Kit and OGS RAAM2000 system. The results show that fraction e was the same of reported 7N1A, the biantennary complex type with a fucose on reducing end and two N-acetyllactosamine branch on non-reducing end. Therefore, it was proved that OGS RAAM2000 method is in conformity with conventional analysis of sugar chain structure from bovine PAS-7.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1985

Strong anti-inflammatory saponins Phytolacca americana (Phytolaccaceae) wereobtained from callus mass derived from the stems and also from that derived from the roots of cultivated Phytolacca americana (which were designated as PAS and PAR, respectively). The callus were grown on Linsmair and Skoog's agar medium supplemented with 1ppm OF 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Phytol accoside B and D were obtained from PAS and phytolaccoside A and B from PAR. The thin layer chromatograms of the crude saponins from PAS and PAR were similar to those of original plants. PAS contained phytolaccoside B as a major component while phytolaccoside E was a major saponin in original plants.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2010

In this paper, highly efficient class-F power amplifiers(PAs) with harmonic-controlling transmission lines(TLs) were built for cellular and WLAN applications at 840 MHz and 2.4 GHz each. Also, based on these single-band PAs, a dualband class-F PA was designed after a careful investigation into the harmonics of the two frequencies. The harmonic-controlling TL was designed for the class-F operation at dualband by switching the length of the shunt $\lambda$/4 TL part, while the series $\lambda$/4 TL is optimized for both frequencies. To verify the performance, two class-F PAs optimized at each frequency and a dualband class-F PA at the corresponding frequencies were built with the secondand the third-harmonic control circuits at each frequencies. As a result, the PA#1 at 840 MHz has a peak drain efficiency of 81.2 % with an output power of 24.4 dBm, while the PA#2 at 2.35 GHz shows a drain efficiency of 94.5 % with an output of 22.8 dBm. Finally, the dualband class-F PA#3 showed 60.5 % and 50.9 % drain efficiencies at 840 MHz and 2.4 GHz, with powers of 23.8 dBm and 19.62 dBm, respectively.