• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.575-580
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• 2017

Chlorinated hydrocarbons (TCE and PCE), petroleum hydrocarbons (BTEX, PAHs, and TPH), and explosive compounds (TNT, RDX, and HMX) have been detected in underground water countrywide. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate sono-catalytic degradation coupled with the use of PUV in order to understand the fate and transport of a representative selection of non-biodegradable contaminants (i.e., TCE, PCE, BTEX, PAHs, TPH, TNT, RDX, and HMX) in groundwater. Both ultraviolet (UV) and ultrasound (US) systems are used in degrading of organic contaminants and they can thus be applicable simultaneously as an UV/US hybrid system in attempts further to increase the degradation efficiency. Results indicate that synergistic effect of UV/US hybrid system is closely correlated to the enhancement of sono-chemical reactivity with the UV-US interaction of increasing the formation rate of OH by providing additional $H_2O_2$ production through the pyrolysis of water molecules during UV/US hybrid irradiation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.171-176
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• 2000

Bioremediation of hazardous hydrophobic organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is a major environmental concern due to their toxic and carcinogenic properties. Due to their hydrophobicity, the hydrophobic organic compounds are mainly associated with the soil organic matter or nonaqueous-phase liquids. A major question concerns the relationships between biodegradation and sorption. This work develops and utilizes a non- steady state model for evaluating the interactions between sorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene, a 3-ring PAH compound, in soil-slurry systems. The model includes sorption/desorption of a target compound, its utilization by microorganisms as a primary substrate existing in the dissolved phase and/or the sorbed phase in biomass and soil, oxygen transfer, and oxygen utilization as an electron acceptor. Biodegradation tests with phenanthrene were conducted in liquid and soil-slurry systems. The soil-slurry tests were performed with very different mass transfer rate: fast mass transfer in a flask test at 150 rpm, and slow mass transfer in a roller-bottle test at 2 rpm. In the slurry tests, phenanthrene was degraded more rapidly than in liquid tests, but with a similar rate in both slurry systems. Modeling analyses with several hypotheses indicate that a model without biodegradation of compound sorbed to the soil was not able to account for the rapid degradation of phenanthrene, particularly in the roller bottle slurry test. Reduced mass-transfer resistance to bacteria attached to the soil is the most likely phenomenon accounting for rapid sorbed-phase biodegradation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

The acenaphthene(ACE) or acenaphthylene(ACEL) is one of the most frequently found compound in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil. In this study, we make 10mg/L ACE or ACEL in ethanol which is the model washing solvent for contaminated soil. This was followed by Fenton treatment in which 0.2 or 0.3mL of 30% $H_2O_2$ and 0.2 ml of 0.5 M $Fe^{2+}$ were added. The results showed more than 88 or 99% of ACE or ACEL removal efficiency, respectively. Additionally, we employed GC-MS to identify the main oxidation product generated by the optimized Fenton oxidation [i.e., ACE or ACEL degraded in to 21, 34 % 1,8-naphthalic anhydride(NAPAN), repectively]. It is expected that biodegradability of NAPAN is enhanced because NAPAN has three oxygens compared with ACE and ACEL. Therefore the results suggest that the hybrid treatment system (i.e., ethanol washing -Fenton oxidation treatment) can be effectively applied to remove ACE or ACEL from soil..

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.132-134
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• 2016

The Study mainly focused on bioremediation of 16 types PAHs and heavy metals in contaminated marine sediments at filed scale study using slow release biostimulant ball (BSB) was investigated. In our experiment, filed scale study ($1m{\times}1m$) was performed and the effect of BSB on PAHs and heavy metals were analysed. BSB size and distance were determined and optimum size and distance were 3cm and 5.5cm respectively. BSB containing nutrients of acetate, nitrate and sulphate which can enhance the activity of microorganism to increase degrading capacity of PAHs and enhance the heavy metals stabilization also to decrease bioavailability. PAHs containing 16 types of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 rings compound PAHs were found and to degrade upto 100% in 2, 3 rings, upto 90 to 94% in 4 and 5 rings and 6 ring compound was degrade up to 70%. For heavy metals stabilization percentage was increased using BSB sediment and exchangeable portion was decreased and residual portion was increased in all analysed heavy metals. BSB enhance the PAHs degradation and stabilization of heavy metals percentages. BSB is a promising method for remediation of PAHs and heavy metals in contaminated marine sediments.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1123-1129
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• 2006

Pyrene of natural and anthropogenic sources is one of the toxic, mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as priority pollutants. The objectives of this research are to break down pyrene by using ozonation, identify the intermediates and byproducts of pyrene, and test the biodegradability of intermediates and byproducts of pyrene in the aqueous phase. Since pyrene is non-polar, hexane was chosen as a solvent to effectively dissolve pyrene. Pyrene solutions were treated with ozone, as it has high oxidation capacity and electrophilic characteristic. After different ozonation pretreatment times (2, 3, and 10 minutes), intermediates of pyrene in the form of yellowish solid were collected from the hexane solution using a centrifuge. They were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). $BOD_5$, COD, and E-coli toxicity tests have been performed to assess the ozonation products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.379-387
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• 2010

Sediments of Little Scioto (LS) River in Ohio was contaminated by poor disposal of creosote from Baker Wood Creosoting Facility. Among the primary compounds of creosote, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most common ingredient PAHs are known for toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds. There are many difficulties to remove the PAHs in nature environment because their characteristics are having a less water-solubility, volatile and low mobility properties as increasing the molecular weight. The generation of hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) forms as well as high temperature (5000 K) and pressure (1000 atm) by a physico-chemical effects of ultrasound during a cavitation collapse can promote the degradation and desorption of PAHs in sediment And it can also produces shock wave and microjets which are able to change the size and surface of particle in solid-liquid system as one of physical effects. Therefore, we explored to understand the role of particle size, the effect of elimination for PAHs concentration by ultrasound and optimize the conditions for ultrasonic treatment. The condition of various size of particles (> $150{\mu}m$, < $150{\mu}m$) and solid-liquid ratio (12.5g/L, 25g/L) for the treatment was considered and ultrasonic power (430 W/L) with liquid - hexane extraction and microwave extraction method were applied after ultrasound treatment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.261-271
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• 2007

Phytoremediation is an economic and environmentally friendly technique to remediate contaminated-soil. In this study, the effects of plants, rhizobacteria and physicochemical factors on phytoremediation have been reviewed. For successful phytoremediation, the selection of plants is primarily important. To remediate soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon, raygrass (Lolium multiflorum lam), white mustard, vetch (Vicia villosa), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), legumes, poplar, and Pine (Pinus densiflora) were mainly applied, and the removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon were ranged 68 to 99%. Corn (Zea mays), raygrass (Lolium multiflorum lam), vetch (Vicia villosa), mustard, clover (Trifolium repens), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were used for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and their removal efficiencies were 50-98%. Rhizobacteria play significant roles for phytoremediation because they can directly participate in the degradation of contaminant as well as promoting plants growth. The following rhizobacteria were preferred for phytoremediation: Azospirillum lipoferum, Enterobactor cloacae, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas putida, Burkholderia xenovorans, Comamonas testosterone, Pseudomonas gladioli, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis. Pysicochemical factors such as pH, temperature, nutrient, electron acceptor, water content, organic content, type of contaminants are consequential limiting factors for phytoremediation.