• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Gami-cheongpyesagan-tang extract (GCST) on high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Methods: The mice were divided into six groups; normal diet control, high fat diet control (HFD), HFD+GCST administrated group (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and olistat-admistrated group. Obesity was induced by high fat diet (45%) for 7 weeks in mice, and GCST was administrated orally every day for 7 weeks. The body weight, food intake, and serological markers such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipid contents, leptin, adiponectin and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase were measured in mice. The mRNA expression of obese-associating genes such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CaP desaturase (SCD-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR)-{\alpha}$, COA oxidase (ACO), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase ($CPT-1{\alpha}$) was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The administration of GCST at 400 mg/kg, significantly reduced the increase of body weight and food intake as well as food efficiency compared to HFD group. GCST decreased the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, leptin in HFD control group and inhibited lipid accumulation in liver and adipose tissues, but did not increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In the liver tissues of GCST administrated HFD group, the mRNA levels of SREBP-1c, FAS and SCD-1 were decreased and the mRNA levels of $PPAR-{\alpha}$, ACO, and $CPT-1{\alpha}$ were increased. Conclusions: These results indicate that GCST could improve high fat diet induced obesity through inhibiting the hyperlipidemia in fatty Liver. It suggest that GCST may be used clinically for declining the accumultion of body fat with hyperlipidemia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between atopic dermatitis and the Sasang constitution. Methods : I examined 64 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis for a long time who visited Department of Dermatology in Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee University and classified them into 4 types according to Sasang constitution under consulting a Sasang specialist. 1. The Sasang specialist classified the patients using the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCCⅡ), body components examination, facial morphology measurement and Meridian function examination. 2. I analyzed the distribution of sex and age, first onset age, history period, digestion condition, existences of past history and family history, basal material volume, immunoglobulin E and eosinophil. Results and Conclusions : 1. As the distribution of sex and age, 28 patients(pts) were male and 36 pts were female. 20's female group was the most common. 2. As the distribution of Sasang constitution types, Soeumin were 28(43.7$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 24(37.5$\%$) pts, Soyangin were 11(17.2$\%$) pts, and Taeyangin was 1(1.6$\%$) pI. 3. As the mean age at first visit, Soeumin's was 20yrs, Taeumin's and Soyangin's were 27yrs, and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 4. As the mean onset age, Soeumin's was 7yrs the lowest, Taeumin's was 15.7yrs, Soyangin's was 10.54yrs and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 5. As the history period. Soeumin's was 13.8yrs. Taeumin's was 11.8yrs. Soyangin's was 16.5yrs. Tae yangin's was 13yrs. 6. As the existence of past history of atopic diseases, Soeumin were 12(43$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 7(29$\%$) pts and Soyangin were 5(45$\%$) pts. 7. As immunoglobulin E, 21(75$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 7(25$\%$) pts were abnormal.. 22(92$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 2(8$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. As the defecation condition, 19(68$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 9(32$\%$) pts were abnormal. 14(58$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 10(42$\%$) pts were abnormal, 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8. The mean value of immunoglobulin E of Soeumin was 1236, Taeeumin was 442, Soyangin was 2010, the mean value of eosinophil of Soeumin was 3.5, Taeeumin was 2.47, Soyangin was 4.28.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examin height, weight and body composition nutrient intakes and serum lipids for high school girls in urban and fishing area. The subjects consisted of 78(44 fishing and 34 urban) high school girls aged in average 17.3 and 17 years. Their dietary intakes were assesed for 1 day by means of 24 hours dietary recall method. Concentrations of serum lipids, percentage of body fat and volume of total body water were measured. The mean energy intake of the subjects were 1431 ㎉ in fishing and 1659 ㎉ in urban area. The subjects in fishing area(urban) consumed 58(67) g protein, 27(36) g lipid, 459(634) mg calcium, 676(945) mg phosphorous, 11(14) mg iron, 786(574) RE retinol, 2.8(3.6) mg tocopherol, 0.9(1.0) mg thiamin, 1.2(1.1) mg riboflavin, 16.9(20.5) mg niacin and 64.1(92.8) mg ascorbic acid, respectively. Energy, calcium, iron and tocopherol intakes were lower than the Korean RDA in both girls. The mean percentage of fishing girls were 19.8% and significantly lower than 25.6% in urban. These values seem to fall in the desirable range in fishing girls, but high school girls in urban is seemed to overweight. The mean saturated fatty acid(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) and dietary cholesterol(Chol) intakes were 7.3 g, 8.1 g, 7.2 g and 263 mg for fishing girls were 13.1 g, 12.1 g, 9.1 g and 216 mg for urban girls respectively. The fat, SFA and MUFA intakes in fishing girls were significantly lower than urban girls. The P/M/S ratio was 0.9/1.1/1 for fishing, was 0.7/0.9/1 for urban. The mean serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 77.7(61.8) mg/dl, 124.5(142.3) mg/dl, 59.3(22.4) mg/dl and 49.6(107.8) mg/dl in fishing girls(urban girls), respectively. All of these values seem to fall in the desirable range but HDL-chlesterol concentrations in fishing girls were significantly higher than urban girls and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in fishing girls were significantly lower than urban girls. There were positive correlations between body fat percent and total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol concentration : negative correlations between between body fat percent and HDL-cholesterol concentration : positive correlation between fat intake and LDL-cholesterol concentration : negative correlations between serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and fat or SFA or MUFA intakes. (Korean J Human 1(1) : 81~93, 1998)

• Clean Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

Red mud is generated as a by-product during the production of aluminum hydroxide from bauxite ore. In this study the red mud coagulants were prepared by reacting 100 ml of 5 M $H_2SO_4$ solution with 10g of red mud at $85^{\circ}C$ or by reacting 100ml of 9M HCl solution with 10g of red mud at $25^{\circ}C$. The prepared red mud coagulants were tested for their coagulation performance of pollutants in the municipal and industrial wastewater. In addition, the coagulation performance was compared with that of a commercially available coagulant ($FeCl_3$). As a result, the red mud coagulants were found to have a good removal efficiency of pollutants in the municipal wastewater (turbidity, phosphate phosphorus) and in the plating wastewater (turbidity, $Pb^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Cr^{3+}$). In the experiment to remove COD in the petrochemical wastewater, the COD removal efficiency by the red mud coagulants was a little poor, but it was better than that by $FeCl_3$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2018

Biochar is the carbon solid produced through the pyrolysis of a biomass from organic sources such as agricultural waste, animal manure, and sludge under limited or anaerobic conditions. Biochar has the effect of reducing greenhouse gases through the carbon sequestration method; additionally, biochar is known to function as a soil amendment. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of biochar on the growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. The Chinese cabbage was grown for 50 days in a glasshouse in pots. A pruning branch was used to produce the bead and pellet forms of biochar through pyrolysis. The biochar was added to the soil at 0, 2, and 5% by weight. The Chinese cabbage with the 2% treatment of the bead form of biochar had the highest fresh weight ($149.43{\pm}15.92g\;plant^{-1}$) which was increased by 10% compared to the control ($136.91{\pm}31.46g\;plant^{-1}$). Moreover, for the 5% treatment of the bead form of biochar ($60.91{\pm}9.82g\;plant^{-1}$), the growth decreased by 57% compared to the control. As the content of the bead form of biochar increased, the shoot dry weight, leaf number, leaf length and lead width that appeared decreased. An increase in the total organic matter, Avail. $P_2O_5$, Ex. cation and EC was observed when the biochar content was increased. Our results support the application of 2% biochar in the bead form for increased growth of Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.393-398
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• 2000

To extend utilization of alginate from the sea tangle, Laminaria japonicus, depolymerized alginates (HAG-10, average molecular weight 10,000; HAC-50, average molecular weight 50,000; HAG-100, average molecular weight 100,000) were obtained by hydrolysis of alginate by heating at $12^{\circ}C$. The effects of each depolymerized alginate on excretion of cholesterol, glucose and namium in rats were investigated. The total excretion rate (${\%}$) of cholesterol and cadmium was the highest in rats administered with HAG-50, The rate was $45.81{\%} and 59.02{\%} with HAG-50$. It was high in the order of $45.78{\%} and 56.05{\%}$ in HAG-100, $41.28{\%}$ and $55.96{\%}$ in alginate, and $32.11{\%} and 44.92{\%} in HAC-10$, respectively. In the case of HAG-50, it significantly (p<0.01) prevented the serum glucose level of rats from rising within 30 min and 60 min after glucose loading or administration among all the samples, but it had no particular effects on the serum insulin level. In conclusion, it was suggested that HAG-50, in which the alginate had a decreased molecular weight, while still retaining its desirable functions as a dietary fiber, was effective in excretion of harmful substances, such as cadmium and cholesterol, and in lowering glucose activities in serum of rats.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the temperature rise on the root surface while the root canal is being obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique. Maxillary central incisor was prepared for repeated canal obturation. Ten thermocouples (Omega Engineering Inc., Stanford, USA) were placed at 1 mm increment from the anatomical root apex. The real temperature of Buchanan plugger was recorded before insertion into the root canal. The root canal was obturated with continuous wave of condensation technique as described by Buchanan and the root surface temperature was recorded during obturation at $150^{\circ}C,{\;}200^{\circ}C,{\;}250^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}300^{\circ}C$ temperature settings of System B HeatSource (Model 1005, Analytic technologies, Redmond, WA, USA). After completion of the temperature recording, the dentinal-cementum thickness at each sites was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test and linear regression test. The results were as follows. 1. When the temperature was set at $150^{\circ}C,{\;}200^{\circ}C,{\;}250^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}300^{\circ}C$ on the digital display of System B HeatSource, the real temperature of the plugger at the 1mm point from the tip revealed $130.82{\pm}2.96^{\circ}C,{\;}158.00{\pm}5.26^{\circ}C,{\;}215.92{\pm}6.91^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}249.88{\pm}3.65^{\circ}C$ respectively. 2. The position of 8 mm from the anatomical apex showed the highest temperature increase at each temperature settings and it was significantly higher than those of other positions (p<0.0l). The temperature rise was constantly increased toward coronal portion from apex of the root. 3. The maximum temperature increase on the root surface was $2.37{\pm}0.09^{\circ}C{\;}at{\;}150^{\circ}C{\;}setting,{\;}3.11{\pm}0.12^{\circ}C{\;}at{\;}200^{\circ}{\;}setting,{\;}3.93{\pm}0.09^{\circ}C{\;}at{\;}250^{\circ}C{\;}setting{\;}and{\;}5.69{\pm}0.15^{\circ}C{\;}at{\;}300^{\circ}C$ setting respectively. These results suggest that it be relatively kind to the supporting tissues of the root that the root canal is obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique at $150^{\circ}C,{\;}200^{\circ}C,{\;}250^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}300^{\circ}C$ temperature settings on digital temperature display of System B HeatSource.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.785-797
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• 2006

The formation characteristics of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were investigated in chlorination of raw water of different organic mallet characteristics. The samples used in this study were hydrophobic (N-HPO) and hydrophilic fraction (N-HPI) (which were concentrated and separated from Nakdong river water), and humic acid (HA) (which is known as a strong hydrophobic acid) as a reference organic matter, the specific UV absorbance (SUVA) of which was 2.19, 1.15 and 7.92, respectively. With increasing chlorine contact time, THMFP and HAAFP (the formation potential of THMs and HAAs) increased, but their increase was different depending on the organic mallet characteristics (i.e., for N-HPI, THMFP was higher than HAAFP, but the inverse result was obtained for N-HPO and HA and the ratio between them was greater for HA), and the mainly formed chemical species were CHCI$_3$ in case of THMs and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) in case of HAAs for N-HPO and HA (and the ratios of CHCI$_3$ to total THMs and DCAA and TCAA to total HAAs for HA were higher than those for N-HPO), but for N-HPI, the ratio of brominated THMs was a little higher than that of CHCI$_3$ and the ratio of DCAA and TCAA to total HAAs was lower than that of N-HPO, although they are main chemical species in case of HAAs. Comparing THMFP and HAAFP with the increase in bromide concentration added with those in not adding it, the former increased greatly and its increase was higher for the organic mallet with stronger hydrophobicity, but the latter was lower for N-HPO and N-HPI and was similar for HA. The main chemical species with increasing bromide concentration were CHBt$_3$ in case of THMs regardless of organic matter characteristics, and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) for N-HPO and N-HPI, DBAA and tribromoacetic acid (TBAA) for HA in case of HAAs. With increasing reaction temperature and pH, THMFP and HAAFP increased for the former, but for the latter, THMFP increased and HAAFP decreased, although the rate of increase or decrease was different with organic mallet characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2002

The study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil properties and evaluation of plant utilization according to the application of compost used with phyllite. At this experiment, the plant cultivation test(lettuce and radish plant) was carried out to know about physico-chemical properties of compost, humus degradarion and stabilization degree, and some effects among rhe treatments were best at 20Mg/ha in PSPC 10(Phyllite, Saw dust, Pig manure Compost) plots and ar 10Mg/ha in PSPC 20 treatments, respectively. The EC value was high in the compost. Therefore the EC was appeared more than 2ds/m at the applied 40Mg/ha with compost. And in case of lettuce, Avail.-$P_2O_5$ and EC were more increased than in the radish plots, highly. In contrast, in case of radish, Toral-N, Total-C, and EC contents were decreased after plant cultivation. That is, it could know that radish was fond of absorprion of nitrogen. Also, BD values of soil physical properties were decreased according to increasing of phyllite addition ratio, however water holding capacity(WHC) was increased. The plant test had not been darnaged through the application of compost used with phyllite in soil and there had not been worse on changing of soil physico-chemical properties. Consequently, phyllite composts have been thought on agricultural utilized possibility.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

To develop the skin whitening agent, we investigated the effects of Acanthopeltis japonica, a rhodophyta on the coast of Jeju island, on melanogenesis. Dried A. japonica was refluxed with 70 % aqueous ethanol and the extract was evaporated to dryness. To validate the activity as a depigmenting agent, various in vitro tests, polyphenol contents, and free radical scavenging activity were performed. In addition, cellular tyrosinase activity and protein expression of p-ERT, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 were measured in B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. A. japonica had low polyphenol contents and low free radicals scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. A. japonica suppressed cellular tyrosinase activity up to 86.9 % at $100{\mu}g/mL$ with inhibition or tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-treated B16/F10 melanoma cells. Our results suggest that inhibitory effects of A. japonica on melanogenesis are due to inhibiting the pathways involving ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced ERK activation. Therefore, A. japonica nay be useful as a skin whitening agent associated with the suppressive effect of melanotrophin-induced signaling pathway to inhibit melanin synthesis.