• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

본 연구는 예비치과 전문인력의 도덕성 발달수준을 파악하고 윤리교육을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 2010년 10월 전라북도 익산시에 위치한 2개 교육기관에 재학 중인 450명을 대상으로 간편형 도덕 판단력 검사지(DIT)를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS/PC를 사용하여 기술통계, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient로 분석되었고, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 치과대학생의 P(%)점수는 43.10이었고, 치위생과학생의 P(%)점수는 41.21로 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다(p=0.190). 2. 예비치과 전문인력의 도덕성 발달 단계별 점수는 5A단계가 가장 높았으며 다음은 3, 4, 6, 5B, 2단계의 순으로 나타났다. 5B단계(p=0.014)와 6단계(p=0.010)에서는 집단간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 예비치과 전문인력의 인구학적 특성에 따른 도덕성 발달 단계별 점수는 치과대학생의 경우 인구학적 특성 중 성별에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(6단계, p=0.003). 치위생과학생의 경우 종교(5B단계, p=0.044), 출생 순위(2단계, p=0.027), 성장지역(4단계, p=0.015)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. P(%)점수와 각 도덕성 발달 단계간의 상관관계는 2, 3, 4, 5B단계와는 역상관관계가 있었고, 5A, 6단계와는 순상관관계가 있었다. 결론적으로 일반 대학생에 비해 낮은 예비치과 전문인력의 도덕성 발달수준을 사회에서 요구하고 있는 치과 전문인력의 도덕성 발달수준으로 향상시키기 위해서는 치과계 현실에 맞는 윤리교육과정이 마련되어 체계적인 윤리교육이 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.957-962
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• 2002

In July, three trials were conducted to evaluate the best sponge type and optimum PMSG dose to be administered to sheep under the Jordanian Badia (arid) conditions. In trial 1, three flocks (n=77, n=18 and n=47 for flocks 1, 2 and 3, respectively) were administered with 40 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) intravaginal sponges for 12 days before receiving 600 IU of PMSG at the time of sponge removal. In trial 2, 95 ewes were assigned to 4 groups to receive 300 (n=25), 450 (n=27), 600 (n=22) or 750 (n=21) IU of PMSG following a 12 d FGA 40 mg sponge insertion period. In trial 3, 60 ewes were assigned to 3 groups (n=20) to receive either FGA 30 mg, FGA 40 mg or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) 60 mg intravaginal sponges all followed by an administration of 600 IU of PMSG at sponge removal. In all trials, rams were isolated 1 day before sponge insertion and were allowed back with the ewes at sponge removal. Estrual responses and lambing data were collected. The effects of treatment, milking status and face color on estrual responses and lambing data were examined. In trial 1, greater first cycle conception rate (p<0.05), twinning rate (p<0.01) and the number of lambs born/served ewe (p<0.01) were observed in flock 2 compared with flocks 1 and 3. Neither face color nor milking status had any influence on the measured parameters (p>0.05). Despite low lambing rate in trial 2, ewes receiving 600 IU of PMSG had greater (p<0.05) number of lambs born/served ewe compared with ewes receiving 450 IU of PMSG. Regardless of PMSG dose, intervals to detected estrus occurred 10 h earlier (p<0.01) in dry than lactating ewes. Similar to trial 2, lambing rate was depressed in trial 3. The expression of estrus was advanced (p<0.05) in ewes receiving MAP 60 mg sponges compared with those receiving FGA 30 and FGA 40 mg sponges (42$\pm$3.1, 49$\pm$3.1 and 49$\pm$3.1 h post sponge removal in ewes receiving MAP 60 mg, FGA 30 mg and FGA 40 mg sponges, respectively). Other parameters were not influenced (p>0.05) by sponge type, milking status and face color. Data show that a 600 IU dose of PMSG tends to give the best lambing results. In addition, results indicate that the use 60 mg MAP sponges for estrus synchronization may be more appropriate under the Jordanian Badia conditions during late seasonal anestrus.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

The effects of toluene in dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated with respect to the induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and the activities of related enzymes. The rats were treated intraperitoneally with the organic solvents in olive oil (Single treatment groups: 450 [D1], 900 [D2], 1,800 [D3] mg DMF, and 346 mg toluene [T] per kg of body weight; Combined treatment groups: D1+T, D2+T, and D3+T) once a day for three days, while the control group received just the olive oil. Each group consisted of 4 rats. The activities of the xenobiotic metabolic enzymes and the hepatic morphology were assessed. The immunoblots indicated that the expression of CYP2E1 was considerably enhanced depending on the dosage of DMF and the CYP2E1 blot densities were significantly increased after treatment with both DMF and toluene, compared to treatment with DMF alone. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were either decreased or remained unaltered after treatment with DMF and toluene, whereas the lipid peroxide levels were increased with increasing dosage of DMF and toluene. The liver tissue in the D3 group (1,800 mg/kg of DMF) showed signs of microvacuolation in the central vein region and a large necrotic zone around the central vein, in rats treated with both DMF (1,800 mg/kg) and toluene (D3T). These results suggest that the expression of CYP2E1 is induced by DMF and enhanced by toluene. These changes may have facilitated the accelerated formation of N-methylformamide (NMF) from toluene, and the generated NMF may directly induce liver damage.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1991

The pesticide and carcinogen ethylene dibromide(EDB) is metabolized both by cytosolic GSH S-transferase and by microsomal mixed function oxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 IIE1 appears to be major enzyme to metabolize EDB.EDB is activated to a mutagen by enzymatic conjugation with glutathione (GSH). Such activation is an exception to the general mode of detoxification via GSH S-transferase action. The primary DNA adduct (>95) is S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl] GSH and a minor adduct is S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]cysteine, which is excreted in the urine and may serve as a biomarker of damage.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.141-152
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• 1995

This study was performed to find out the influences of ethanol on the metabolism of trichloroethylene(TRI) in rats. TRI in corn oil at the dosage of 150, 300, 600 mg/kg was injected peritoneally once a day for two days to two groups. In one group ethanol(4 g/kg) was taken orally 30 minutes before TRI injection, and the other group ethanol was not. The results of experiments are as follows: 1. The contents of cytochrome P-450 and $b_5$ had inverse relationship with in-jected TRI amounts in both groups. 2. The activity of NADPH P-450 reductase was decreased slowly in TRI injected group related with TRI amount, but decreased drastically in the group pretreated with ethanol. 3. The activity of NADH $b_5$ reductase had relationship with injected nt amount , but the statistical significance was found only in the groups of 300 and 600 mg/kg of TRI injected without relevance to ethanol when compared with the group that was not injected. 4. The activity of ADH was more decreased and ALDH activity was more increased in groups that TRI injected and ethanol was pretreated with ethanol groups than in group without any treatment. These results suggest that ethanol may inhibit epoxide formulation, the first step of TRI metabolism, and change from TCE-OH to TCA also.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 1997

This experiment was done to investigate the antioxidant effect of Ondamtang(ODT) on brain tissues of rats. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated as follows for a fifteen days ; Negative control group(NC), Vitamin E admistrated group(PC), ODT administrated Group(ODT). After the extracting microsome from brain of rats, those were measured the amounts of Malondiadehyde and Hydrogen peroxide, then activities of antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductadse. The results were as follows; 1. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of brain tissue of rats, the group treated by ODT showed significant decrease. 2. In the formation of Hydrogen peroxide, the group treated by ODT showed no change in comparison with normal group. 3. The activity of SOD in the group treated by ODT showed a little increase in comparison with normal group. 4. The activity of Catalase was increased significantly in the group treated by ODT than normal group. 5. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the group treated by ODT showed a little increase in comparison with normal group. According to the above results, it is suggested that Ondamtang(ODT) has some antioxidant effects on tissues of brain.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2002

Cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) is a member of the cytochrome P450 family of isozymes involved in the phase I drug metabolism of vertebrates. CYP1A2 is responsible for the activation of a number of aromatic amines to mutagenic and carcinogenic forms. Thus, the level of CYP1A2, which varies among different populations, may determine an individual's susceptibility to these chemicals. We have previously reported on the importance of a cis element named PRB (protected region B) in the regulation of human Cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) gene, which appeared to act as a positive regulatory element. Closer examination of the PRB sequence (-2218 to -2187 bp) revealed a putative AP-1 binding site, TGACTAA, at -2212 bp (Chung and Bresnick, 1997). To elucidate the role of AP-1 in CYP1A2 regulation, we transiently overexpressed c-Jun and c-Fos transcription factors in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and examined their influence on the CYP1A2 promoter activity by reporter gene assays. Cotransfection of the c-Jun and the c-Fos expression vectors increased the induced transactivation by five to six fold from the CYP1A2 promoter constructs. However, deletion of the PRB element did not affect the degree of activation by the c-Jun and the c-Fos. Therefore, it is unlikely that the c-Jun and the c-Fos activate the CYP1A2 promoter through this AP-1 consensus-like sequence in the PRB region.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.393-400
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• 1995

전통도료인 황칠의 재현을 위한 황칠나무의 다량 증식 및 이용에 관한 연구의 일환으로 황칠나무의 자생지 분포조사 및 황칠의 성분 분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻였다. 1. 황칠나무의 자생지는 완도, 상황봉 등 8개 지역이었으며, 해남 두륜산은 처음으로 자생지로 확인되었다. 2. 황칠나무는 해발 lOO~450m 사이에셔 자생하고 있으며 해발 200m 부근에서 빈도가 가장 높게 냐다났다. 또한 자생지의 토양은 pH 4.9~5.8로 약 산성이며, 수분 함유량은 16.5~27.4%로 비교적 습 기가 많은 지역에서도 자생하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 군락지 조새에서 보길도와 제주도가 우점도 및 군도가 교목층에셔 3.3으로 높게 나타났으며 완도는 아교목층에서 많이 나타났다. 4. 생육상황은 보길도에서 가장 높게 나타나 흉고 직경 1.O~20cm, 높이 O.2~9m 까지의 개체가 다수 확인되었다. 5. 황칠의 성분을 분석한 결과 대표적 인 성분이 ${\beta}$- selinene과 capnellane-8-one을 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1997

In order to assess the possibility whether CYP2D is involved in caffeine metabolism, we have purified and characterized the rat liver microsomal cytochrome P4502D1 (CYP2D1), equivalent to CYP2D6 in human liver, and have utilized the reconstituted CYP2D1 in the metabolism of 4 primary caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) metabolites such as paraxanthine (1, 7-dimethylxanthine), 1, 3, 7-trimethylurate, theophylline (1, 3-dimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3, 7-dimethylxanthine). Rat liver CYP 2D1 has been purified to a specific content of 8.98 nmole/mg protein (13.4fold purification, 1.5% yield) using $\omega$-aminooctylagarose, hydroxlapatite, and DE52 columns in a sequential manner. As judged from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the purified CYP2D1 was apparently homogeneous. Molecular weight of the purified CYP2D1 was found to be 51, 000 Da. Catalytic activity of the purified and then reconstituted CYP2D1 was confirmed by using bufuralol, a known subsFate of CYP2D1. The reconstituted CYP2D1 was found to produce to 1-hydroxylbufuralol at a rate of 1.43$\pm$0.13 nmol/min/nmol P450. The kinetic analysis of bufuralol hydroxylation indicated that Km and Vmax values were 7.32$\mu M$ and 1.64 nmol/min/nmol P450, respectively. The reconstituted CYP2D1 could catalyze the 7-demethylation of PX to 1-methylxanthine at a rate of 12.5 pmol/min/pmol, and also the 7- and 3- demethylations of 1, 3, 7-trimethylurate to 1, 3-dimethylurate and 1, 7-dimethylurate at 6.5 and 12.8 pmol/min/pmol CYP2D1, respectively. The reconstituted CYP2D1 could also 3-demethylate theophylline to 1-methylxanthine at 5 pmol/min/pmol and hydroxylate the theophylline to 1, 3-dimethylurate at 21.8 pmol/min/pmol CYP2D1. The reconstituted CYP2D1, however, did not metabolize TB at all (detection limits were 0.03 pmol/min/pmol). This study indicated that CYP2D1 is involved in 3-and 7-demethylations of paraxanthine and theophylline and suggested that CYP2D6 (equivalent to CYP2D1 in rat liver) present in human liver may be involved in the secondary metabolism of the primary metabolites of caffeine.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.253-262
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• 1993

The effects of dichloromethane (DCM) on carbon tetrachloride (CT) toxicity were examined in adult male rats. A concomitant treatment of rats with DCM (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 g/kg, po) significantly potentiated the hepatotoxicity of CT (1.0 g/kg, po) as determined by increase in serum GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), and SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase) activity 24 hr following the treatments. Serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activity was increased by either DCM or CT treatment.