• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.855-866
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• 2021

Objective: Performance and physiological responses of dairy calves may change by using extruded soybean meal (ESBM) instead of common soybean meal (SBM) in starter feed. The aims of the current study were i) to determine the effect of extrusion processing of SBM on protein electrophoretic size, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) structures and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein subfractions and ii) to determine the effect of substitution of SBM with ESBM in starter feed of Holstein heifer calves during pre and post-weaning on performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Methods: The SBM was substituted with ESBM at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (dry matter [DM] basis). Fifty heifer calves (initial body weight 40.3±0.63 kg) were used for the study. After birth, animals were fed colostrum for 3 days and then they were fed whole milk until weaning. Animals had free access to starter feed and water during the study. Results: Extrusion of SBM decreased electrophoretic protein size and increased rapidly degradable true protein fraction, changed FTIR protein and amide II region. With increasing level of ESBM in the diet, starter intake increased quadratically during the pre-weaning period (p<0.05) and body weight, DM intake and average daily gain increased linearly during the post-weaning and the whole study period (p<0.05). Tbe DM and crude protein digestibilities at week 14 and blood glucose and beta hydroxybutyric acid increased linearly in calves as the level of ESBM increased in the diet (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dairy calves performance and physiological responses were sensitive to SBM protein characteristics including electrophoretic size, FTIR structures and CNCPS protein fractions.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.370-374
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• 1995

Aspergillus niger CF-34가 생산하는 대두세포벽분해 효소 복합액을 알칼리로 처리하여 조효소액 중에 함유된 protease만을 선택적으로 제거할 수 있었다. 조효소액을 알칼리로 처리하였을 때 세포벽분해활성에는 영향을 적게 주고, 대두 단백질을 분해시켜 쓴 맛의 peptide를 생성하는 protease만을 선택적으로 불활성화시킬 수 있었다. 조효소액의 pH를 $9.0{\pm}0.1$로 조절하여 $20^{\circ}C$에서 약 30분 동안 서서히 교반한 후 다시 pH를 5.0로 조절하는 것이 최적 조건이었다. 이때 조효소액 중 protease 활성은 초기의 약 10% 미만으로 감소하였으며, 각 효소의 잔존 활성을 살펴보면 pectinase는 약 80%, polygalacturonase는 약 85%, xylanase는 약 95%, carboxymethyl cellulase는 약 100% 정도이었고, 대두세포벽분해활성은 초기의 약 90% 정도 유지할 수 있어 protease만이 선택적으로 제거되었다. 이렇게 처리된 효소액을 사용하여 비지 중의 대두 단백질을 추출할 경우 생산효율은 비록 감소하였지만, 대두단백질의 분해를 막고, 쓴맛 생성을 억제하여 품질 및 관능적으로 우수한 제품을 생산할 수 있었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 1991

매미나방 종령유층 혈림프내에 존재하는 JHBP을 Dextran Coated Charcoal (DCC)binding assay와 gel filtration에 의해서 확인하였고, JHBP의 pI값은 5.3으로 밝혀졌다. JHBP의 정저는 혈림프단백질을 먼저 PEG로 침전시킨 후 ion exchange chromatography와 gel filtration 방법을 통하여 행하였다. 정체된 fraction의 JH에 대한 binding activity는 [3H] JH-III의 radioactivity 측정과 DCC binding assay를 통해 확인하였고, 정체된 단백질의 순수도는 각 정체단계에 따라 전지영동을 하여 확인하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.584-589
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• 2001

One of the cryptic plasmids from the oil degrading bacterium Klebsiella sp. KCL-2, the small plasmid pGD2, has been identified and characterized. This plasmid has a size of 3.6 kb with unknown functions. We constructed the recombinant plasmid pMGD2. The nucleotide sequences of the plasmid were determined and two open reading frames were detected. ORF1 encodes a replication initiator protein (RepA), which has a high degree of homology with the protein of ColE2 plasmid. The product encoded by ORF2 showed a high similarity with the transposase protein of IS5. IS5 is 1195 by long and contains an inverted terminal repetition of 16 bp with one mismatch. Stem-loop structures in the 5'untranslated region of the repA suggest that a putative gene, incA, is located in a complementary strand to the leader region of the repA mRNA.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.818-837
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• 2023

Understanding adipocyte development in fetus during bovine pregnancy is important for strengthening fattening technology. Additionally, nutritional level of dams during pregnancy has the potential to improve offspring growth and fat development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intramuscular adipocyte development and expression level of related genes in bovine fetus, and the effect of increased crude protein (CP) intake during pregnancy on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of male offspring. Eighty six pregnant Hanwoo cows (average body weight, 551.5 ± 51.3 kg, age 5.29 ± 0.61 y) were used. Fetuses were collected at 90, 180 and 270 d of gestation from 18 pregnant Hanwoo cows. The remaining 68 pregnant cows were randomly assigned to 2 feeding groups. The control (CON) group was provided the standard protein diet (n = 34), and treatment (TRT) group was provided a diet with a 5% increase in CP intake (n = 34). Male offspring were divided into two groups according to protein treatment of the pregnant cows: CON male offspring (CON-O) and TRT male offspring (TRT-O). Intramuscular adipocytes were found in the fetal skeletal muscle after 180 days of gestation. Male calf's birth weight increased in the TRT group compared to that in the CON group (p < 0.002). The final body weight (p < 0.003) and average daily gain (p < 0.019) of male offspring were significantly higher in TRT-O than in CON-O. The feed conversion ratio was also improved by 10.5% in TRT-O compared to that in CON-O (p < 0.026). Carcass weight was significantly higher in the TRT-O group than that in the CON-O group (p < 0.003), and back fat was thicker in the TRT-O group (p = 0.07). The gross receipts and net income were higher in TRT-O than in CON-O (p < 0.04). Thus, fetal intramuscular fat can be formed from the mid-gestation period, and increased CP intake during pregnancy can increase net income by improving the growth and carcass weight of male offspring rather than intramuscular fat.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.278-283
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• 1993

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of enzymatic modification of milk protein with protease on functional properties. The selected functional properties were solubility, emulsifying activity (EA), emulsion stability(ES), foam expansion(FE), and foam stability(FS). These properties were measu-red from pH 3.0 to pH 8.0. The proteases used in this study were iaolated from Meju(fermemted soybean) and had specific activity of 250 units/㎎ protein at pH 7.0, 1600 units of pretense was used for 1gr. of skim milk protein. Skim milk showed 30.5％ degree of hydrolysis for 1 hr. and 36.4% degree of hydrolysis for 3.5 hrs. of protease treatment at pH 7.0. Solubility of native skim milk, control, 1 hr. and 3.5 hrs. groups were 3.37, 3.64, 10.21, 14.34％o at pH 4.0 respcetively. The emulsifying activity of native skim milk, control, 1 hr. and 3.5 hrs. groups were 38.8,42.0,43.0,46.7ft at pH 4.0, respectively. Enzymatic modification resulted in the increase of solubility and emulsifying activity at pH 4.0. However at pH 5.0 emulsifying activity of 1 hr. and 3.5 hr. group were lower than native skim milk and control groups. 1 hr. protease treatment was found to be most effective way of increasing foam expansion at pH 4.0 to 6.0. It was supported that, protease treated skim milk can be used to improve solubility, emulsifying activity, foam expansion at acid pH. meju protease. skim milk, solubility, emulsion, foam.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1283-1289
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• 2021

Objective: The progestogen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) gene encodes the main whey protein in milk, β-lactoglobulin. The aim of the study was to investigate polymorphism in the PAEP gene and its association with milk yield, composition, and quality. Methods: Test-day records for 782 dairy cows were analysed. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the PAEP gene were investigated. The following parameters were recorded: milk yield (MY, kg/d), percent milk fat (%), protein (PP, %), dry matter (DMP, %) and lactose (LP, %), urea content (UC, mg/L) as well as natural logarithm for somatic cell count (LnSCC, ln). Effect on genomic estimated breeding values accuracy was evaluated with pedigree and single step model. Results: Results show that only three SNPs were polymorphic, creating 5 composite genotypes: P1 to P5. Differences in MY between composite genotypes were noted in the two tested herds. Cows with P5 composite genotypes were characterised by the highest PP and LnSCC and the lowest LP and UC (p<0.05). P4 was linked to an increased DMP and UC, while P3 to an increase in LP and decrease in PP and LnSCC. Both factors are important markers in herd management and have high influences on the herds economics. For 5 out of 7 traits the accuracy of prediction was improved by including the haplotype as a fixed effect. Conclusion: Presented results may suggest a new way to optimise breeding programmes and demonstrate the impact of using genomic data during that process.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2009

In this research, the vegetation growth and rice taste of the liquid fertilizer applied fields (LF) were compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied fields(CF) in order to confirm the possibility of methane fermentation digested sludge as liquid fertilizer using precision agriculture and remote sensing technology. In panicle initiation stage, the vegetation growth at LF was 60%~80% of it at CF and there were significant difference of nitrogen contents between CF and LF. The estimation model of nitrogen contents was established by GNDVI (R=0.607, RMSE=$1.04\;g/m^2$, n=36, p<0.01). In heading stage, vegetation growth at LF went close to it at CF as ratio of 80%~95%. The nitrogen content estimation model was also established (R=0.650, RMSE=$1.73\;g/m^2$, n=35, p<0.01) and there were significant difference of spatial variability between LF and CF. There were not significant difference of rice taste and it's elements, when three samples, which were more than twice of standard deviation, were excepted. The protein contents estimation model using GNDVI of before harvesting (R=0.700, RMSE=0.470%, n=29, p<0.01) were more suitable to predict the protein contents at harvesting comparing with it of heading stage(R=0.610, RMSE=0.521%, n=29, p<0.01).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2007

Extract of Japanese red pine needles has been used in Asia pacific regions since long periods believing its valuable properties as tonic and ability of curing diseases of unidentified symptoms. Some selective compounds present in the extract and their effects were analyzed. Carbohydrates and vitamin c were identified using HPLC; terpenoid compounds by GC-MS; anti-bacterial analysis by paper discs, plates count and gastrointestinal motility by whole cell patch clamp. The extract is a mixture of compounds therefore its diverse effect was expected. Self-fermentation in extract proceeds after spontaneous appearance of yeast strains without inoculation. Effects and composition of the extract vary with varying period of self-fermentation. Extract inhibits the growth of bacteria dose dependently exhibiting its antibacterial properties however effectiveness increases with increase in fermentation period. The extract also can modulate gastrointestinal motility in murine small intestine by modulating pace maker currents in ICC mediated through ATP sensitive potassium channel.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2011

A surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) assay was developed for measuring porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibody using a recombinant capsid protein as an antigen. The diagnostic potential of SPRI for detecting antibodies to the PCV2 capsid protein was compared with that of a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 70 pig serum samples taken from 6 pig farms. There was a strong positive correlation between the SPRI and ELISA (n = 70, r = 0.911, P<0.01). Therefore, this recombinant capsid protein can be used as an antigen for serological studies, and the SPRI, a label-free and high-throughput method, is expected to be a valuable tool in the serodiagnosis of PCV2 infection.